Title: Predmety používané pri výrobe textilu z Hlinska – Nad Zbružovým. Analýza praslenov a tkáčskych závaží na základe ich hmotnosti a rozmerov
Variant title:
- Items used in the production of textiles from Hlinsko - Nad Zbružovým. Analysis of spindle whorls and loom weights based on their weight and dimensions
Source document: Studia archaeologica Brunensia. 2021, vol. 26, iss. 1, pp. 165-190
Extent
165-190
-
ISSN1805-918X (print)2336-4505 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SAB2021-1-8
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/144319
Type: Article
Language
Summary language
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Na lokalite Hlinsko v polohe Nad Zbružovým sa našlo 1236 nástrojov na výrobu textilu (Pavelčík 1983), ktoré doteraz neboli detailne spracované. Z predchádzajúcich zahraničných experimentálnych výskumov vyplýva, že hmotnosť a rozmery praslenov a tkáčskych závaží ovplyvňujú proces spracovania textilu ako aj jeho výsledný produkt. Cieľom článku je analýza vybraných nástrojov na základe ich tvaru, rozmerov a hmotnosti. Príspevok sa ďalej zaoberá typom používaných vláken s ohľadom na archeobotanické nálezy, prírodné podmienky, počet archeologických nálezov ako aj výskumom eneolitických lokalít z ďalších miest Európy. Podáva obraz o textilnej výrobe v lokalite Hlinsko a je zameraný nielen na podrobnosti o používaných typoch vláken, nití a tkanín, ale popisuje aj organizáciu a špecializáciu spoločnosti v mladšom praveku obecne.
One thousand two hundred thirty-six tools (Pavelčík 1983) connected with textile production were recovered on the site Hlinsko in the last century, the tools were not further analysed since then. Previously carried out experimental research abroad shows that the weight and the dimensions of the spindle whorls and loom weights affect the final products, yarn and fabric. The aim of the paper is to analyse selected tools based on their shape, dimensions, and weight. The article also deals with the type of fibres used regarding archaeobotanical finds, natural conditions, the number of archaeological finds as well as state of research at other Aeneolithic sites in Europe. It gives thus a comprehensive picture of the textile production at Hlinsko, with the aim not only to describe the tools themselves but to expound the organisation and specialisation of textile production during late prehistory in general.
References
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[46] Staničová, J. 2019: Prehistoric spindle whorls from Central Europe. Poster at VII International Symposium Purpureae Vestes. Granada.
[47] Šebela, Ľ. et al. 2007: Hlinsko: výšinná osada lidu badenské kultury. Spisy archeologického ústavu AV ČR 32, Brno.
[48] Šmíd, M. 2003: Mohylová pohřebiště kultury nálevkovitých pohárů na Moravě. Ústav archeologické památkové péče. Brno.
[49] Šmíd, M. – Přichystal, A. 2015: Eneolitická hradiska na Prostějovsku. Ohrozim – Čubernice a Prostějov-Čechovice – Čechovsko. Brno.
[50] Tasić, N. 2003–2004: Historical picture of development of Bronze Age cultures in Vojvodina, Starinar 53–54, 23–34.
[51] Vila, E. – Helmer, D. 2014: The Expansion of Sheep Herding and the Development of Wool Production in the Ancient Near East: An Archaeozoological and Iconographical Approach. In: C. Breniquet – C. Michel (eds.), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Ancient Textile Series vol. 17, Oxford 22–40.
[2] Andersson Strand, E. – Gebauer Thomsen, L. – Cutler, J. 2011: From tools to textiles, a manual for recording, analysing and interpreting textile tools. Unpublished.
[3] Andersson Strand, E. 2012: The textile chaîne opératoire: using a multidisciplinary approach to textile archaeology with a focus on the Ancient Near East. Paléorient, vol. 38. 1–2, 21–40. | DOI 10.3406/paleo.2012.5456
[4] Belanová-Štolcová, T. – Grömer, K. 2009: Loom-weights, Spindles and Textiles – Textile Production in Central Europe from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. In: E. B. Andersson Strand – M. Gleba – U. Mannering – Ch. Munkholt – M. Ringgard (eds.), North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles X, 13.-18. 5. 2008 in Copenhagen, Ancient Textiles Series 5, Oxford 2009, 9–20.
[5] Barber, E. J. W. 1991: Prehistoric textiles: the development of cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with special reference to the Aegean. Princeton.
[6] Burke, B. 2010: From Minos to Midas. Oxford.
[7] Cybulska, M. – Maik, J. 2007: Archaeological textiles – a need of new methods of analysis and reconstruction, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 18(3), 100–105.
[8] Durman, A. 1995: Psihologija naseljavanja telova, Histria Antiqua 1, 153–158.
[9] Drechsler, A. ND: http:www.prerovmuzeum.cz/zamek-prerov/exponaty/drobne-keramicke-zavazi-z-hlinska-s-pravekym-napisem (navštívené 20. 12. 2020).
[10] Dreslerová, D. 2010: Klima v holocénu a možnosti jeho poznání, Živá archeologie REA 11/2010, 18–21.
[11] Ejstrud, B. – Andresen, S. – Appel, A. – Gjerlevsen, S. – Thomsen, B. 2011: From flax to Linen, experiments with flax at the Ribe Viking Centre. Esbjerg.
[12] EĽKS, 1995: Encyklopédia ľudovej kultúry I., II. Veda, Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej Akadémie Vied, Ústav etnológie Slovenskej Akadémie Vied, Bratislava.
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[14] Fu, Y. B. – Allaby, R. G. 2010: Phylogenetic network of Linum species as revealed by non-coding chloroplast DNA sequences. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 57, 667–677. | DOI 10.1007/s10722-009-9502-7
[15] Gleba, M. 2008: Textile Production in Pre-Roman Italy. Oxford.
[16] Gleba, M. – Harris, S. 2019: The first plant bast fibre technology: identifying splicing in archaeological textiles. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11, 2329–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520–018–0677- | DOI 10.1007/s12520-018-0677-8
[17] Grabundžija, A. – Russo, E. 2016: Tools tell tales – climate trends changing threads in the prehistoric Pannonian Plain, Documenta Praehistorica XLIII, 301–326.
[18] Grabundžija, A. 2018: Two sides of a whorl: unspinning meanings and functionality of Eneolithic textile tools. In M. Siennicka – L. Rahmstorf – A. Ulanowska (ed.), First textiles: the beginnings of textile manufacture in Europe and the Mediterranean (Ancient Textiles Series 32), Oxford 129–42.
[19] Grabundžija, A. 2020: Archaeological Evidence for Early Wool Exploitation in South East and Central Europe. Dissertation. Berlin.
[20] Grabundžija, A. – Schlichtherle, H. – Leuzinger, U. – Schier, W. – Karg, S. 2021: The interaction of distant technologies: bridging Central Europe using a techno-typological comparison of spindle whorls, Antiquity 1–21. DOI 10.15184/aqy.2021.6 |
[21] Grömer, K. 2005: Efficiency and technique - experiments with original spindle whorls (Leistung und Technik - Experimente zum Spinnen mit Originalspinwirteln). In: P. Bichler – K. Grömer –R. Hofmann-de Keijzer – A. Kern – H. Reschreiter (eds.), Hallstatt Textiles, Technical Analysis, Scientific Investigation and Experiment on Iron Age Textiles, BAR International Series 1351, Oxford 107–116.
[22] Grömer, K. 2016: The Art of Prehistoric Textile Making. Vienna.
[23] Helbæk, H. 1959: Notes on the evolution and history of Linum. Kuml 1959, 103–129.
[24] Herbig, C. – Maier, U. 2011: Flax for oil or fibre? Morphometric analysis of flax seeds and new aspects of flax cultivation in Late Neolithic wetland settlements in southwest Germany, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 20(6), 527–533. | DOI 10.1007/s00334-011-0289-z
[25] Horváth, L. A. – Virág, Z. M. 2003: History of the Copper Age. In: S. Visy (ed.), Hungarian Archaeology at the Turn of the Millennium, Ministry of National Cultural Heritage, Budapest, 125–127.
[26] Hundt, H.-J. 1986: Tissus et sparteries. In: P. Petrequin (Hrsg), Les Sites Littoraux Néolithiques de Clairvaux-Les-Lacs (Jura), I, Problematique générale. L'example de la station III, Paris.
[27] Charvát, P. 2011: On Sheep, Sumerians and the Early State. In: L. Vacín (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Blahoslav Hruška. Dresden, 49–60.
[28] Chmielewski, T. – Gardyński, L. 2010: New frames of archaeometrical description of spindle whorls: a case study of the late eneolithic spindle-whorls from the 1C site in Grödek, District of Hrubieszów, Poland, Archaeometry 52(5), 869–881.
[29] Janák, V. 2009–2010: K rozvoji textilnictví ve starším a středním eneolitu Horního Slezska. Sborník prací Filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity M 14–15, 2009–2010.
[30] Karg, S. – Diederichsen, A.– Jeppson, S. 2018: Discussing flax domestication in Europe using biometric measurements on recent and archaeological flaxseeds – a pilot study. In: M. siennicka – L. Rahmstorf – A. Ulanowska (eds.), First Textiles. Proceedings of the EAA Session Held in Istanbul (2014) and the First Textiles Conference in Copenhagen (2015), Oxford 31–38.
[31] Kolář, J. – Dobisíková, M. – Dreslerová, G. – Drozdová, E. – Fojtová, M. – Hložek, M. – Gregerová, M. – Přichystal, A. – Urbanová, K. – Wagenknechtová, M. 2011: Kultura se šňůrovou keramikou v povodí říčky Hané na střední Moravě : pohřební areály z prostoru dálnice D1 v úseku Vyškov - Mořice a dalších staveb. Pravěk. Supplementu č. 23. Brno.
[32] Kyselý, R. 2012: Paleoekonomika lengyelského období a eneolitu Čech a Moravy z pohledu archeozoologie, Památky archeologické 103, 5–70.
[33] Lüning, J. – Jockenhövel, A. – Bender, H. – Capelle, T. 1997: Deutsche Agrargeschichte. Vor- und Frühgeschichte. Stuttgart.
[34] Maier, U. – Schlichtherle, H. 2011: Flax cultivation and textile production in Neolithic wetland settlements on Lake Constance and in Upper Swabia (south-west Germany). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 20.6, 567–578.
[35] Mårtensson, L. – Nosch, M.-L. – Andersson Strand, E. 2009: Shape of Things: Understanding a Loom Weight, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 28(4), 373–398. | DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0092.2009.00334.x
[36] Medunová-Benešová, A. 1981: Jevišovice - Starý Zámek: Schicht C2, C1, C : Katalog der Funde. Brno.
[37] Medunová-Benešová, A. 1973: Grešlové Mýto. Aneolith. Höhensiedlung "Nad Mirovcem", Kat.derFunde. Brno.
[38] Nývltová-Fišáková, M. — Kratochvíl, Z. 2007: Kosterní pozůstatky divokých a domácích zvířat. In: Šebela, L. et al. (ed.): Hlinsko – výšinná osada badenské kultury. Spisy Archeologického ústavu AV ČR Brno 32, 263–270.
[39] Pavelčík, J. – Pavelčík, J. – Lohniský, K. – Lanting, A. – Quitta, H. 1975: Hlinsko. Nálezová zpráva. Výzkumná sezóna, r. 1974.
[40] Pavelčík, J. – Kratochvíl, Z. 1982: Hlinsko. Nálezová zpráva. Výzkumná sezóna, r. 1981.
[41] Pavelčík, J. 1983: Drobné terakoty z Hlinska u Lipníku (okr. Přerov) II, Památky archeologické 74/2, 295–315.
[42] Rast-Eicher, A. 2005: Bast before wool. In: P. Bichler et al. (eds.), Hallstatt Textiles – Technical Analysis, Scientific Investigation and Experiment on Iron Age Textiles. BAR – British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1351, Oxford 117–135.
[43] Ryder, M. L. 1983: Sheep and Men. London.
[44] Sherratt, A. G. 1981: Plough and pastoralism: aspects of the secondary products revolution. In: I. Hodder – G. Isaac – N. Hammond (eds.), Pattern of the Past: Studies in honour of David Clarke, Cambridge 261–305.
[45] Staničová, J. 2017: Textilná produkcia v strednej a neskorej dobe bronzovej na gréckej pevnine a v západnej Anatólii. Diplomoví práca. Praha.
[46] Staničová, J. 2019: Prehistoric spindle whorls from Central Europe. Poster at VII International Symposium Purpureae Vestes. Granada.
[47] Šebela, Ľ. et al. 2007: Hlinsko: výšinná osada lidu badenské kultury. Spisy archeologického ústavu AV ČR 32, Brno.
[48] Šmíd, M. 2003: Mohylová pohřebiště kultury nálevkovitých pohárů na Moravě. Ústav archeologické památkové péče. Brno.
[49] Šmíd, M. – Přichystal, A. 2015: Eneolitická hradiska na Prostějovsku. Ohrozim – Čubernice a Prostějov-Čechovice – Čechovsko. Brno.
[50] Tasić, N. 2003–2004: Historical picture of development of Bronze Age cultures in Vojvodina, Starinar 53–54, 23–34.
[51] Vila, E. – Helmer, D. 2014: The Expansion of Sheep Herding and the Development of Wool Production in the Ancient Near East: An Archaeozoological and Iconographical Approach. In: C. Breniquet – C. Michel (eds.), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Ancient Textile Series vol. 17, Oxford 22–40.