Title: The poet as town-crier in a nation in conflict: Okigbo's and Ojaide's poetry
Source document: Brno studies in English. 2014, vol. 40, iss. 2, pp. [5]-26
Extent
[5]-26
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2014-2-1
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/131916
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
The postmodern/contemporary society is besieged by issues of difference in ideology, personality, sexuality, ethnicity, economy, socialisation, identity, culture, religion and many more. These issues often result into intolerance, terrorism and conflicts. The roots of these issues of difference are in resistance to cultural/ethnic superiority, political domination, and economic control as well as religious purity. These issues of conflict are fluid, spreading like 'bushfire' from one area to another, sometimes resisting interventions through round-table negotiation, thus requiring other forms of reconciliation that must move beyond political analyses. This paper examines how poetry is used as an art of caution in imminent conflict and an act of reconciliation through appropriation of words. To this end, some selected poems of Christopher Okigbo and Tanure Ojaide are assessed to provide insights. Adopting a thematic approach within the apparatus of Postcontact argument of Françoise Lionnet, this study examines how Okigbo's hybridization of Christian religious expression and Ojaide's African traditional mythology raise awareness about looming crises and respond to issues of cultural/social conflicts. However, their poems move beyond culture to man's conscious and unconscious relationship with God and environment. In other words, the intention is to show how the poet as a mediator plays the role of a traditional watchdog or alarmist ("town-crier") and reconciles man to God and his environment.
References
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[14] Momoh, Campbell Shitu (2005) "Philosophy and Principles of Conflictology". In: Momoh, Campbell Shitu and Jim I. Unah (eds). Nigerian Integrative Discourses: Intergroup Tension. Lagos: University of Lagos, 1–20.
[15] Mowah, Frank (2005) "Modern African Poetry." In: Dasylva, Ademola and Olutoyin Jegede (eds.) Studies in Poetry. Ibadan: Atlantis Books, 99–110.
[16] Nelson-Jones, Richards (2005) Practical Counselling & Helping Skills: Text and Activities for the Life skills Counselling Model. London: Sage Publisher.
[17] Obiechina, Emmanuel (1988). "The Writer and His Commitment in Contemporary Nigerian Society". Okike 27–28, 4–20.
[18] Ojaide, Tanure (1990) Fate of the Vultures & Other poems, Lagos: Malthouse Press Ltd.
[19] Ojaide, Tanure (1998) Delta Blues and Home Songs. Ibadan: Kraffgnot.
[20] Ojaide, Tanure (2001) "'Udje' Dance Songs of Urhobo People." http://www.org/urhoboculture/udje/udjebyojaide.hmtl. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
[21] Okigbo, Christopher (1971) Labyrinths: Poems. London: African Writers Series (An H.E.B. Paperback).
[22] Plato. "Book X" Republic (354–430). Translated by John L. Davies and David J. Vaughan. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1997.
[23] Sallah, Tijan (1995) "The Eagles Vision: The Poetry of Tanure Ojaide". Research in African Literature 26 (1), 20–29.
[24] Stratton, Florence (1994) Contemporary African Literature and the Politics of Gender. London and New York: Routledge.
[25] Wa Thiong'O, Ngugi (1972) Home Coming. London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.
[26] Wilson, L. Gerald and Michael S. Hanna (1989) Group in Conflict: Leadership and Participation in Small Groups. New York: McGraw College.
[2] Aharoni, Ada (2004) "Peace Culture through Poetry". A paper presented at the "Sociology Through Popular Culture Panel", IFLAC., Beijing, China, July 8, 2004.
[3] Appiah, Kwame Anthony (1997) "Is the 'Post' in 'Postcolonial' the 'Post' in 'Postmodern'?" In: McClintock, Anne, Aamir Multi, Ella Shohat (eds.) Dangerous Liaisons. Minnesota, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 420–444.
[4] Aristotle. Poetics (385–322) Translated by Anthony Kenny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
[5] Bhabha, Homi (1994) "Interrogating Identity: Frantz Fanon and the Postcolonial Prerogative" In: Bhabha, Homi, K. (ed.) The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 40–65.
[6] Bhabha, Homi (1994) "Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse" In: Bhabha, Homi, K. (ed.) The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 85-92.
[7] Dafinone, David (2007) "Dafinone's Verdict: Niger Deltans Won't be Re-colonized". The Nation National Daily. (November 9, 2007), 40.
[8] Darthorne, O. R. (1982) "Okigbo Understood: A Study of Two Poems." In: Jones, Eldred D. (ed.), African Literature Today 1–4 with Index, 15–24.
[9] Dumbi, Osami (2003) "Alienation and Resistance in the Novels of Peter Abrahams and Alex La Guma". Unpublished mammogram (Ph. D Thesis), Department of English, University of Ibadan.
[10] Egudu, Romanus N. (1977) Four Modern West African Poets. Lagos: NOK Publishers (Nigerian) Ltd.
[11] Japtok, Martin (1998) "Introduction." In: Japtok, Martin (ed.) Postcolonial Perspectives on Women Writers: From Africa, the Caribbean and the U.S. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc., x–xi.
[12] Jones, Martin-Lloyd (2005) "The Parable of the Prodigal Son." http://articles.ochristian.com/preacher29-1.shtml. Retrieved on March 29, 2012.
[13] Lionnet, Françoise (1995) Postcolonial Representations: Women, Literature and Identity. New York: Cornell University Press.
[14] Momoh, Campbell Shitu (2005) "Philosophy and Principles of Conflictology". In: Momoh, Campbell Shitu and Jim I. Unah (eds). Nigerian Integrative Discourses: Intergroup Tension. Lagos: University of Lagos, 1–20.
[15] Mowah, Frank (2005) "Modern African Poetry." In: Dasylva, Ademola and Olutoyin Jegede (eds.) Studies in Poetry. Ibadan: Atlantis Books, 99–110.
[16] Nelson-Jones, Richards (2005) Practical Counselling & Helping Skills: Text and Activities for the Life skills Counselling Model. London: Sage Publisher.
[17] Obiechina, Emmanuel (1988). "The Writer and His Commitment in Contemporary Nigerian Society". Okike 27–28, 4–20.
[18] Ojaide, Tanure (1990) Fate of the Vultures & Other poems, Lagos: Malthouse Press Ltd.
[19] Ojaide, Tanure (1998) Delta Blues and Home Songs. Ibadan: Kraffgnot.
[20] Ojaide, Tanure (2001) "'Udje' Dance Songs of Urhobo People." http://www.org/urhoboculture/udje/udjebyojaide.hmtl. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
[21] Okigbo, Christopher (1971) Labyrinths: Poems. London: African Writers Series (An H.E.B. Paperback).
[22] Plato. "Book X" Republic (354–430). Translated by John L. Davies and David J. Vaughan. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1997.
[23] Sallah, Tijan (1995) "The Eagles Vision: The Poetry of Tanure Ojaide". Research in African Literature 26 (1), 20–29.
[24] Stratton, Florence (1994) Contemporary African Literature and the Politics of Gender. London and New York: Routledge.
[25] Wa Thiong'O, Ngugi (1972) Home Coming. London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.
[26] Wilson, L. Gerald and Michael S. Hanna (1989) Group in Conflict: Leadership and Participation in Small Groups. New York: McGraw College.