Title: Som pred zrkadlom lepší?
Variant title:
- Better before a mirror?
Source document: Pro-Fil. 2014, vol. 15, iss. Doplňkové číslo, pp. [82]-88
Extent
[82]-88
-
ISSN1212-9097
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/pf15-3-1000
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/134132
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Keď sa ľudia nachádzajú medzi inými, správajú sa viac prosociálne, morálne a štedro. Čo však môže ovplyvniť ich správanie v momente, keď sú sami? Aby sa správali ako medzi inými? Jedna z možností môže byť vyvolať pocit, že sa niekto pozerá. Tento účel môže splniť aj obyčajné zrkadlo. Naše výskumy podporujú vplyv zrkadla na dodržiavanie pravidla na súboroch dospelých a detí. V obidvoch experimentoch prítomnosť zrkadla zvyšovala šancu na dodržiavanie stanoveného pravidla. Ako však niečo tak jednoduché ako zrkadlo môže ovplyvniť správanie? Jeden z prístupov tvrdí, že vizuálny stimul spustí automatickú percepciu "niekto sa pozerá", aj napriek tomu, že je to iba odraz v zrkadle. Ďalší možný prístup vychádza z predpokladu, že na seba upriamená pozornosť vyvoláva sebauvedomovanie, pričom sa zviditeľňuje prípadný rozpor medzi konaním a štandardom. Porušenie pravidla v takom momente by mohlo ohroziť sebaúctu. V treťom prístupe autori vychádzajú z princípu negatívnej spätnej väzby. Nakoniec by sme radi spomenuli naše experimenty a navrhli ďalšie možnosti skúmania v tejto oblasti.
When people are among the others, they tend to be more prosocial, moral and generous. What can influence their behavior when they are alone? To make them act as if they are among the others? One of many possible factors can be to make them feel like somebody is looking. It could only be a mirror. Our previous experiments provide the proof of its influence on the compliant behavior of the adult and children samples. In both experimental situations in the presence of the mirror, participants were acting more compliantly with the stated standard. How could something as simple as mirror influence one's behavior? One approach argues that visual stimulus induces automatic perception of "one being watched", even though it is their reflection. In addition, in the situation in front of mirror, the feeling of being watched induces the mechanism of the self-awareness. In the self-awareness state discrepancy between social standard and actual behavior become salient. Transgressing in that situation could endanger self-esteem. The third possible approach is a discrepancy-reducing feedback loop. Finally, we mention results of our experiments and propose further study of the self-awareness in experimental and naturalistic conditions.
References
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[2] BATESON, M.; NETTLE, D.; ROBERTS, G. Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2006), s. 412–414. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509 | doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509
[3] BEAMAN, A.L.; KLENTZ, B.; DIENER, E. Self-Awareness and Transgression in Children: Two Field Studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 37, No. 10 (1979), s. 1835–1846. | doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.10.1835
[4] CARVER, C.S. Self-awareness. In Handbook of self and identity (pp. 179–196). New York, NY: Guilford Press (2003).
[5] CARVER, C.S.; SCHEIER, M.F. The self-attention-induced feedback loop and social facilitation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 17,No. 6, (1981), s. 545–568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(81)90039-1 | DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(81)90039-1 |
[6] HAXBY, J.; HOFFMAN, E.; GOBBINI, M. The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 6 (2000), s. 223–233. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827445 | DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01482-0
[7] HENRICH, J.; GIL-WHITE, F.J. The evolution of prestige: freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol. 22 (2001), s. 165-196. | DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00071-4
[8] JAMES, W. The Principles of Psychology, Vol.1. New York: Cosimo, Inc. 2007.
[9] KREBS, D.L. The Origins of Morality An Evolutionary Account. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Inc. 2011.
[10] ROBERTS, G. Competitive altruism: from reciprocity to the handicap principle. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 265, No. 1394 (1998), s. 427–431. DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0312 |
[11] SILVIA, P.J.; DUVAL, T.S. Objective Self-Awareness Theory: Recent Progress and Enduring Problems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 5, No. 3 (2001), s. 230–241. | DOI 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_4
[12] SILVIA, P.J.; PHILLIPS, A.G. Self and Identity Self-awareness Without Awareness? Implicit Self-focused Attention and Behavioral Self-regulation. Self Identity, Vol. 12, No. 2 (2013), s. 114-127. doi 10.1080/15298868.2011.639550 | DOI 10.1080/15298868.2011.639550
[13] SWART, C.; ICKES, W.; MORGENTHALER, E.S. The effect of objective self awareness on compliance in a reactance situation. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1 (1978), s. 135-139. | DOI 10.2224/sbp.1978.6.1.135
[14] ŽIHLAVNÍKOVÁ, R. "Ja som predsa dobrý človek!" - vplyv objektívneho sebauvedomovania na morálne rozhodovanie. Súborná postupová práca. Olomouc: Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2013. Ms., 46 s.