Title: Zahraniční politika Spojených států vůči východnímu bloku během povstání v Polsku a Maďarsku : hledání střední cesty
Variant title:
- US foreign policy towards the Eastern Bloc during the uprisings in Poland and Hungary : the search for a middle way
Source document: Studia historica Brunensia. 2024, vol. 71, iss. 1, pp. 25-50
Extent
25-50
-
ISSN1803-7429 (print)2336-4513 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SHB2024-1-2
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.80011
Type: Article
Language
Summary language
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International
Rights access
open access
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
This text examines U. S. foreign policy toward the Eastern Bloc during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. Specifically, the text focuses on the "revolutionary" events unfolding in Poland and then Hungary during 1956 and the U. S. government's discussions of possible responses to these events, which included discussions of possible retaliatory measures, particularly of an economic nature, and efforts to achieve global diplomatic condemnation of the violent intervention of the Polish and Soviet armies. The text also compares U. S. policy toward the two countries and attempts to place this response in the broader context of U. S. foreign policy strategy at the time, which was influenced by both the strategy of containment and Dulles's proclamation of the "liberation of captive nations".
Note
Tato studie částečně vychází z diplomové práce "Hledání kompromisu: Eisenhowerova politika v 50. letech 20. století" obhájené na katedře Mezinárodních vztahů a evropských studií Metropolitní univerzity v Praze v roce 2022 a je zároveň výsledkem projektu s názvem "Ostpolitik – zahraniční politika Willyho Brandta a její vliv na euroatlantické vztahy", který byl podpořen v rámci Specifického Výzkumu na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Hradec Králové v roce 2022.
References
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[45] Korda, Michael (2009): Ike: Osud hrdiny, Praha.
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[3] Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Eastern Europe, Volume XXV, Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Director of Central Intelligence (Dulles). Dostupné z: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v25/d66.
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[5] Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955-1957, Eastern Europe, Volume XXV 1955/1957, Memorandum of Telephone Conversations by the Secretary of State. Dostupné z: https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AAWHTLF6G6VB739B/pages?as=text&view=scroll.
[6] Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Eastern Europe, Volume XXV, Memorandum of Telephone Conversations With the President, November 9, 1956. Dostupné z: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v25/d178.
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[11] Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Eastern Europe, Volume XXV, Telegram From the Embassy in Poland to the Department of State. Dostupné z: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v25/d71.
[12] Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Eastern Europe, Volume XXV, Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in the Soviet Union. Dostupné z: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v25/d166.
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[15] John Hopkins University Press, Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower Vol. 15, 1030, Dwight Eisenhower a Letter to John Foster Dulles.
[16] Dulles, John Foster (1957): Dynamic Peace, New York. Dostupné z: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1957dulles-peace1.asp.
[17] Eisenhower, Dwight (1952): Text of General Eisenhower's Speech on 'Middle Way', Boise. Dostupné z: https://www.nytimes.com/1952/08/21/archives/text-of-general-eisenhowers-speech-on-middle-way.html.
[18] Hall Of The 1956 Revolution (2022), Budapešť. Dostupné z: https://www.terrorhaza.hu/en/allando-kiallitas/basement/hallofthe1956revolution?fbclid=IwAR0SExLIJJqW37qwZZyXAVx-2kjpSgJ5c52XhL4Knr2jEWc06buPB0jCin94.
[19] Wagner, Steven (2021): Pursuing the "Middle Way". Eisenhower and the 1950s [přednáška], Joplin.
[20] Albright, Madeleine (1991): The Role of the United States in Central Europe, in: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 38, s. 71–84.
[21] Ambrose, Stephen (1984): Eisenhower: Soldier and President, New York.
[22] Babiracki, Patryk (2015): Soviet Soft Power in Poland: Culture and the Making of Stalin's New Empire, 1943–1957, Chapell Hill. | DOI 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469620893.001.0001
[23] Békés, Csaba – Byrne, Malcolm – Rainer, János (2002): The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents, Budapešť.
[24] Blaive, Muriel (2001): Promarněná příležitost. Československo a rok 1956, Praha.
[25] Bohlen, Charles E. (1973): Witness to History, 1929–1969, New York.
[26] Borhi, László (1999): Rollback, Liberation, Containment, or Inaction, in: Journal of Cold War Studies 1, s. 67–110. | DOI 10.1162/152039799316976814
[27] Borhi, László (2004): Hungary in the Cold War, 1945–1956: Between the United States and the Soviet Union, Budapešť. | DOI 10.1515/9786155053948
[28] Boyle, Peter G. (2005): The Hungarian Revolution and the Suez Crisis, in: History 4 (300), s. 550–565.
[29] Byrnes, Robert F. (1958): American Policy in Poland, in: Current History 34, s. 166–170.
[30] Crowl, Philip A. (1975): JOHN FOSTER DULLES: THE POLICY BEHIND THE MYTH, Newport.
[31] Divine, Robert A. (1981): Eisenhower and the Cold War, Oxford.
[32] Durman, Karel (2004): Popely ještě žhavé: velká politika 1938–1991, Praha.
[33] Faure, Justine (2006): Americký přítel: Československo ve hře americké diplomacie 1943–1968, Praha.
[34] Gellman, Irwin F. (2015): The president and the apprentice: Eisenhower and Nixon, 1952–1961, New Haven.
[35] Greenstein, Fred I. (1994): The hidden-hand presidency: Eisenhower as leader, Baltimore.
[36] Hanuš, Jiří (2015): Rusko a západ: eseje o (ne)porozumění, Brno.
[37] Hitchcock, William (2018): The Age of Eisenhower: America and the World in the 1950s, New York.
[38] Hughes, John Emmet (1963): The Ordeal of Power, New York.
[39] Childs, Marquis William (1958): Eisenhower: Captive Hero, New York.
[40] Irving, David (1981): Uprising! One Nation's Nightmare: Hungary 1956, London.
[41] Johnson, Paul (2015): Eisenhower: A Life, Londýn.
[42] Kemp-Welch, Anthony (1999): Stalinism in Poland, 1944–1956: Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, New York.
[43] Kemp-Welch, Anthony (2006): Dethroning Stalin: Poland 1956 and its legacy, in: Europe-Asia studies 58, s. 1261–1284. | DOI 10.1080/09668130600996523
[44] Knutsen, Torbjørn L. (2005): Dějiny teorie mezinárodních vztahů, Brno.
[45] Korda, Michael (2009): Ike: Osud hrdiny, Praha.
[46] Kramer, Mark (1998): The Soviet Union and the 1956 Crises in Hungary and Poland: Reassessments and New Findings, in: Journal of Contemporary History 33 (2), s. 163–214. | DOI 10.1177/002200949803300201
[47] Leffler, Melvyn Paul – Westad, Odd Arne (2010): The Cambridge history of the Cold War, New York.
[48] Lukowski, Jerzy – Zawadzki, Hubert (2006): A Concise History of Poland, Cambridge.
[49] Machcewicz, Pawel (1993): Polski rok 1956, Varšava.
[50] Mareček, David (2022): Hledání kompromisu: Eisenhowerova politika v 50. letech 20. století. Diplomová práce, Metropolitní univerzita v Praze.
[51] Marks, Frederick W. (1993): Power and Peace – The Diplomacy of John Foster Dulles, Westport.
[52] Nálevka, Vladimír (2010): Horké krize studené války, Praha.
[53] Newton, Jim (2012): Eisenhower: The White House Years, New York.
[54] Salisbury, Harrison E. (1956): STEVENSON SAYS UPRISINGS CAUGHT U. S. 'OFF GUARD', New York. Dostupné z: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/10/28/90751882.html?pageNumber=1.
[55] Schmidl, Erwin – Ritter, Lászlo (2006): The Hungarian Revolution 1956, Oxford.
[56] Smith, Gaddis (1974): The Shadow of John Foster Dulles, in: Foreign Affairs 52 (2), s. 403–408.
[57] Varga, Zsolt (2002): CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN PRESS COVERAGE ON THE OUTBREAK OF THE 1956 HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION, in: Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 8, s. 123–132.
[58] Wagner, Steven (2006): Eisenhower Republicanism: pursuing the middle way, DeKalb.