Title: "Co mi ve škole vadí víc, podvádění, či klamání?" : postoje žáků k nečestnému chování ve škole v kontextu školního podvádění
Variant title:
- "What do I dislike more about school – cheating or deceiving?" : approaches of students to unethical behaviour in school in the context of cheating
Source document: Studia paedagogica. 2013, vol. 18, iss. 2-3, pp. [93]-107
Extent
[93]-107
-
ISSN1803-7437 (print)2336-4521 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2013-2-3-6
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/127302
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Na jaře 2010 byl kvartánům osmiletých gymnázií a žákům devátých tříd základních škol v jižních Čechách (N = 401) zadán dotazník týkající se nečestného chování ve škole. Na základě vlastních tvrzení žáků (self-reporting) o tom, jak často participovali na chování, které se dá interpretovat jako podvádění, byly exploratorní faktorovou analýzou extrahovány dva typy podvádění: podvádění a klamání. Součástí dotazníku byly i dvě otevřené otázky, na něž odpovědělo celkem 256 žáků. Předkládaná studie analyzuje odpovědi žáků z hlediska jejich postojů ke konkrétním typům nečestného chování ve škole a současně je dává do vztahu k uvedeným faktorům. Analýza odpovědí potvrdila, že žáci víc tolerují chování, které je možné označit jako školní podvádění a jež je ztotožněno především s opisováním. Z volných odpovědí žáků vyplynuly i dvě nové skutečnosti. Žákům nejvíc ve škole vadí chování učitelů, které vnímají jako neférové vůči sobě (nadržování učitelů některým žákům, neohlášené písemky apod.). Potvrdila se také velká tolerance žáků k podvádění, které se uskutečňuje prostřednictvím internetu.
In the spring of 2010, ninth graders (N = 401) of various lower secondary schools in Southern Bohemia filled in a questionnaire on unethical behaviour in schools. Based on the students' self-reports on how often they had participated in behaviour that can be interpreted as cheating, two types of cheating were induced via exploratory factor analysis: cheating and deceiving. The questionnaires included two open-ended questions which were answered by 256 students. This paper analyses the students' answers from the perspective of their approaches to particular instances of unethical behaviour. At the same time, the paper also puts them into the context of the afore-mentioned factors. The analysis of students' answers has confirmed that students tolerate more such a type of behaviour that is possible to describe as cheating and which mostly takes the form of students copying answers from other students. Two new findings arise from students' open-ended answers: first, students strongly dislike teachers' behaviour which they interpret as unfair to them (e.g. a teacher is favouring a given student or giving unannounced tests etc.) Second, the analysis has confirmed a high degree of students' tolerance towards cheating via the Internet.
References
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[2] Cizek, G. J. (2003). Detecting and preventing classroom cheating. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.
[3] Davis, S. F., Drinan, P. F., & Bertram Gallant, T. (2009). Cheating in school: what we know and what we can do. Malden: Wiley – Blackwell.
[4] Eisenberg, J. (2004). To cheat or not to cheat: effects of moral perspective and situational variables on students' attitudes. Journal of Moral Education, 33(2), 163–178. | DOI 10.1080/0305724042000215276
[5] Galloway, M. K. (2012). Cheating in advantaged high school: prevalence, justification, and possibilities for change. Ethics and Behavior, 22(5), 378–399. | DOI 10.1080/10508422.2012.679143
[6] Jensen, L. A., Arnett, J. J., Feldman, S. S., & Cauffman, E. (2002). It's wrong, but everybody does it: academic dishonesty among high school and college students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(2), 209–228. | DOI 10.1006/ceps.2001.1088
[7] Kohoutek, R. (2002). Základy užité psychologie. Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM, s. r. o.
[8] LaBeff, E. E., Clark, R. E., Haines, V. J., & Diekhoff, G. M. (1990). Situational ethics and college student cheating. Sociological Inquiry, 60(2), 190–197. Dostupné z: http://www.lhup.edu/tbaylor/Adobe%20Docs/LaBeff_Cheating.pdf | DOI 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1990.tb00138.x
[9] Mareš, J. (2005). Tradiční a netradiční podvádění ve škole. Pedagogika, 55(2), 310–335.
[10] Mareš, J., & Křivohlavý, J. (1995). Komunikace ve škole. Brno: Masarykova univerzita v Brně.
[11] Marsden, H., Carroll, M., & Neill, J. T. (2005). Who cheats at university? A self-report study of dishonest academic behaviours in a sample of Australian university students. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 1–10. | DOI 10.1080/00049530412331283426
[12] Molnar, K. K., Kletke, M. G., & Chongwatpol, J. (2008). Ethics vs. IT ethics: Do undergraduate students perceive a difference? Journal of Business Ethics, 83(4), 657–671. | DOI 10.1007/s10551-007-9646-3
[13] Polčák, R. (2011). Duševní vlastnictví v akademické praxi. Praha: PROMOTE.
[14] Schmelkin, L. P., Gilbert, K., Spencer, K. J., Pincus, H., & Silva, R. (2008). A multidimensional scaling of college students perceptions of academic dishonesty. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(9), 587–607. | DOI 10.1353/jhe.0.0021
[15] Schulman, M. (1998). Cheating Themselves. Issues in Ethics, 9(1). Dostupné z: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v9n1/cheating.html
[16] Sims, R. L. (1993). The Relationship between Academic Dishonesty and Unethical Business Practices. Journal of Education for Business, 68(4), 207–211. | DOI 10.1080/08832323.1993.10117614
[17] Sims, R. L., & Gegez, A. E. (2004). Attitudes towards business ethics: a five nation comparative study. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(3), 253–265. | DOI 10.1023/B:BUSI.0000024708.07201.2d
[18] Smith, K. J., Davy, J. A., Rosenberg, D. L., & Haight, G. T. (2002). A structural modeling investigation of the infl uence of demographic and attitudinal factors and in-class deterrents on cheating behaviors among accounting majors. Journal of Accounting Education, 20(1), 45–65. | DOI 10.1016/S0748-5751(01)00026-4
[19] Trost, K. (2009). Psst, have you ever cheated? A study of academic dishonesty in Sweden. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(4), 367–376. | DOI 10.1080/02602930801956067
[20] Vacek, P. (2011). Psychologie morálky a výchova charakteru žáků. Hradec Králové: Gaudeamus.
[21] Vrbová, J. (2010). Co je na podvádění ve škole vlastně špatného? In J. Hábl & J. Doležalová (Eds.), Humanizace ve výchově a vzdělávání (s. 156–165). Hradec Králové: Gaudeamus.
[22] Vrbová, J., & Stuchlíková, I. (2012). Školní podvádění starších žáků: pilotní studie. Pedagogika, 62(3), 317–331.
[23] Wowra, S. A. (2007). Academic dishonesty. Ethics and Behavior, 17(3), 211–214. | DOI 10.1080/10508420701519122