Title: Přestupy žáků na druhém stupni základní školy : srovnání dvou případů
Variant title:
- Transfers of students at the lower secondary school level : a comparison of two cases
Source document: Studia paedagogica. 2019, vol. 24, iss. 3, pp. [7]-45
Extent
[7]-45
-
ISSN1803-7437 (print)2336-4521 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2019-3-1
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/141577
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Příčiny a proces přestupů (transferů) žáků, tedy meziškolní mobility, jsou dosud málo studovaným aspektem tohoto jevu. Kvalitativní vícepřípadová studie přináší analýzu dvou případů přestupů žáků základní školy, navazujících na tranzici na druhý stupeň. Jádrem textu jsou analytické narace, kde jsou případy podrobně popsány jako dynamický proces setkání nebo střetu různých perspektiv hlavních aktérů: rodičů, žáků a jejich sourozenců, pracovníků škol a poradenských zařízení. Analýza ukazuje transfer jako důsledek střetu aktivních rodičů snažících se vytvořit optimální podmínky pro děti, které se v prostředí školy špatně začleňovaly, s pracovníky školy. Vzniklý konflikt převážil nad možnostmi komunikace a spolupráce, což vedlo k rozhodnutí změnit školu, provázenému úlevou na straně rodiny a krátkodobým nebo dlouhodobým zlepšením situace dítěte. V analytické části je srovnávána kongruence případů s teoriemi sociální praxe a sociálního kapitálu P. Bourdieua a J. Colemana. Ukazuje se, že každá z teorií přispívá k vysvětlení příčin a procesu přestupů jiným z působem, v analýze se vzájemně doplňují a vytvářejí jednotný integrovaný vzorec: první z nich vysvětluje lépe reaktivní dynamiku stigmatizace a vylučování dítěte a rodiny v sociálním poli školy, druhá více strategickou snahu zlepšit kvalitu prostředí školy zvýšením sociálního kapitálu nebo hledat školu s vyšším sociálním kapitálem.
Little research exists on the causes and processes of student transfer, which is also known as interschool mobility. This qualitative, multiple case study analyzes the cases of two students who first transitioned to lower secondary schools and then transferred from their schools. The heart of this study analyses the narratives of the two transfers as dynamic processes of the meeting and clashing of the perspectives of the main participants (i.e., parents, students, siblings, staff, and external experts). This study shows that the transfers were caused by a clash between active parents and school staff during the parents' attempts to create optimal conditions for their children, who were having difficulty fitting in. The study shows that the resulting conflict could not be overcome with communication and cooperation, which led to the transfer of the students accompanied by relief for the family and short- or long-term improvement in the students' situations. The analytical part of the study investigates how compatible the two cases are with the theories of social practice and social capital formulated by P. Bourdieu and J. Coleman. The study shows that each theory explains a part of the process of transfer in a unique way. The analytical part thus demonstrates that the theories complement each other and create a coherent pattern in which the former better explains the reactive dynamics of stigmatization and student and family exclusion in schools while the latter better explains the parents' strategic attempts to improve the quality of schools by increasing their social capital or seeking a school with a higher level of social capital.
Note
Článek je výstupem grantu GA UK 1110416 Školní mobilita. Vícepřípadová studie transferů žáků základních a středních škol.
References
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[33] Rumberger, R. W., Larson, K. A., Ream, R. K., & Palardy, G. J. (1999). The educational consequences of mobility for California students and schools. Berkeley, CA: Policy Analysis for California Education.
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[36] Šafr, J., & Sedláčková, M. (2006). Sociální kapitál. Koncepty, teorie a metody měření. Sociologické studie, 06(7). Praha: Sociologický ústav AV ČR.
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[2] Bourdieu, P. (1985). The social space and the genesis of groups. Information (International Social Science Council), 24(2), 195–220. | DOI 10.1177/053901885024002001
[3] Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social space and symbolic power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25. | DOI 10.2307/202060
[4] Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
[5] Brown, C. (2012). Exploring how social capital works for children who have experienced school turbulence: what is the role of friendship and trust for children in poverty? International Studies in Sociology of Education, 22(3), 213–236.
[6] Cairns, R. B., Elder, G. H., & Costello, E. J. (Eds.). (1996). Developmental science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511571114.012
[7] Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, Supplement: Organizations and institutions: Sociological and economic approaches to the analysis of social structure, 95–120. | DOI 10.1086/228943
[8] Demie, F., Lewis, K., & Taplin, A. (2005). Pupil mobility in schools and implications for rating achievement. Educational Studies, 31(2), 131–147. | DOI 10.1080/03055690500095480
[9] Dvořák, D., & Vyhnálek, J. (2019). Meziškolní mobilita žáků středních škol v České republice. Pedagogika, 69(2), 131–146. | DOI 10.14712/23362189.2018.856
[10] Dvořák, D., Vyhnálek, J., & Starý, K. (2016). Tranzice a transfer ve vzdělávací dráze: longitudinální studie rizikového žáka. Studia pedagogica, 21(3), 9–39. | DOI 10.5817/SP2016-3-2
[11] Elder Jr., G. H. (1996). Human lives in changing societies: Life course and developmental in sights. In R. B. Cairns, G. H. Elder, & E. J. Costello (Eds.), Developmental science (s. 31–62). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[12] Fiel, J. E., Haskins, A. R., & Turley, R. N. L. (2013). Reducing school mobility: A randomized trial of a relationship-building intervention. American Educational Research Journal, 50(6), 1188−1218. | DOI 10.3102/0002831213499962
[13] Gasper, J., DeLuca, S., & Estacion, A. (2012). Switching schools: Revisiting the relationship between school mobility and high school drop out. American Educational Research Journal, 49(3), 487–519. | DOI 10.3102/0002831211415250
[14] Haynie, D. L., South, S. J., & Bose, S. (2006). The company you keep: Adolescent mobility and peer behavior. Sociological Inquiry, 76(3), 397−426. | DOI 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2006.00161.x
[15] Hlaďo, P., & Šlapalová, K. (2018). Důvody žáků středních škol pro opakovaný přestup na jinou školu. Výzkumná zpráva pro Jihomoravský kraj. Brno: FF MU.
[16] Ho, E. S. C. (2009). Educational leadership for parental involvement in an Asian context: Insights from Bourdieu's theory of practice. School Community Journal, 19(2), 101–122.
[17] Jindal-Snape, D., & Miller, D. J. (2008). A challenge of living? Understanding the psychosocial processes of the child during primary-secondary transition through resilience and self-esteem theories. Educational Psychology Review, 20(3), 217–236. | DOI 10.1007/s10648-008-9074-7
[18] Jónsdóttir, K., Björnsdóttir, A., & Bæck, U. D. K. (2017). Influential factors behind parents' general satisfaction with compulsory schools in Iceland. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 3(2), 155–164. | DOI 10.1080/20020317.2017.1347012
[19] Kerbow, D. (1996). Patterns of urban student mobility and local school reform. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 1(2), 147−169. | DOI 10.1207/s15327671espr0102_5
[20] Kolář, M. (2011). Nová cesta k léčbě šikany. Praha: Portál.
[21] Ladwig, J. G. (2014). Theoretical notes on the sociological analysis of school reform networks. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 35(3), 371–388. | DOI 10.1080/01425692.2013.776931
[22] Lima, R. D. C. P., & Campos, P. H. F. (2015). Field and group: a conceptual approximation between Pierre Bourdieu and the social representation theory of Moscovici. Educação e Pesquisa, 41(1), 63–77. | DOI 10.1590/S1517-97022015011454
[23] MacIntyre, A. (1981). After virtue: A study in moral theory. London: Duckworth.
[24] Martin, J. L. (2003). What is field theory? American Journal of Sociology, 109(1), 1–49. | DOI 10.1086/375201
[25] Martin, N. D., & Spenner, K. I. (2009). Capital conversion and accumulation: A social portrait of legaciesat an elite university. Research in Higher Education, 50(7), 623–648. | DOI 10.1007/s11162-009-9136-9
[26] Parcel, T. L., Dufur, M. J., & Cornell Zito, R. (2010). Capital at home and at school: A review and synthesis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(4), 828–846. | DOI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00733.x
[27] Poupeau, F., François, J. C., & Couratier, E. (2007). Making the right move: how families are using transfers to adapt to socio-spatial differentiation of schools in the greater Paris region. Journal of Education Policy, 22(1), 31–47. | DOI 10.1080/02680930601065858
[28] Pribesh, S., & Downey, D. B. (1999). Why are residential and school moves associated with poor school performance? Demography, 36(4), 521−534. | DOI 10.2307/2648088
[29] Pulišová, K. (2016). Neklape nám to: učitelé a rodiče žáků prvního stupně základních škol a jejich problémové vztahy. Studia Paedagogica, 21(3), 167–182. | DOI 10.5817/SP2016-3-9
[30] Pusztai, G. (2014). The effects of institutional social capital on students' success in higher education. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 4(3), 60–73.
[31] Rabušicová, M., & Pol, M. (1996). Vztahy školy a rodiny dnes: hledání cest k partnerství (2. část). Pedagogika, 46(2), 105–116.
[32] Rogošić, S., & Baranović, B. (2016). Social capital and educational achievements: Coleman vs. Bourdieu. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 6(2), 81–100.
[33] Rumberger, R. W., Larson, K. A., Ream, R. K., & Palardy, G. J. (1999). The educational consequences of mobility for California students and schools. Berkeley, CA: Policy Analysis for California Education.
[34] Růžička, M., & Vašát, P. (2011). Základní koncepty Pierra Bourdieu: pole–kapitál–habitus. Antropo Webzin, 2, 129–133.
[35] Scrivens, K., & Smith, C. (2013). Four interpretations of social capital: An agenda for measurement. Paris: OECD Publishing.
[36] Šafr, J., & Sedláčková, M. (2006). Sociální kapitál. Koncepty, teorie a metody měření. Sociologické studie, 06(7). Praha: Sociologický ústav AV ČR.
[37] Thomas, G., & Myers, K. (2015). The anatomy of the case study. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
[38] Vyhnálek, J. (2016). Meziškolní mobilita: přehledová studie výzkumných témat. Orbis Scholae, 10(1), 63–96. | DOI 10.14712/23363177.2016.14
[39] Wacquant, L. J. (1989). Towards a reflexive sociology: A workshop with Pierre Bourdieu. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 26–63. | DOI 10.2307/202061
[40] Yin, K. R. (2009). Case study research (4. vyd.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
[41] Zamora, P. G., & Moforte, M. C. (2013). ¿Porqué los estudiantes se cambian de escuela? Análisisdesde las decisiones familiares. Perfiles educativos, 35(140), 48−62. | DOI 10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2013.140.38842