Multilingüismo receptivo en la Península Ibérica desde la perspectiva actual

Title: Multilingüismo receptivo en la Península Ibérica desde la perspectiva actual
Variant title:
  • Receptive multilingualism in the Iberian Peninsula : current perspective
Author: Mrva, Jan
Source document: Études romanes de Brno. 2020, vol. 41, iss. 1, pp. 25-39
Extent
25-39
  • ISSN
    1803-7399 (print)
    2336-4416 (online)
Type: Article
Language
 

Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.

Abstract(s)
El bilingüismo y el multilingüismo han estado en el centro de la investigación contemporánea y el trabajo de de varios campos lingüísticos. En la mayoría de los casos, el multilingüismo se ha percibido y, por lo tanto, considerado como una competencia activa lo que condujo a una notable cantidad de estudios que se centraron, por ejemplo, en la competencia equilibrada de dos y más idiomas de un hablante, una lista que consiste en ventajas y desventajas del conocimiento multilingüe, etc. En nuestro artículo, por el contrario, tratamos de procesar su contraparte que es el conocimiento pasivo o, en otras palabras, receptivo. En el contexto de la Península Ibérica, el multilingüismo receptivo representaba una ocurrencia común desde los comienzos de la romanización de esta área y, por lo tanto, no puede y no debería clasificarse como monolingüe. La situación cambió dramáticamente durante la introducción y el surgimiento de la ideología del habitus monolingüe (una nación exige un idioma) que tiende a considerar el multilingüismo y la diversidad lingüística como un obstáculo para la construcción de la nación. Desde el punto de vista actual nos enfrentamos a la presión de la planificación del idioma nacional español que limita severamente, y en gran medida implícitamente, las funciones de las lenguas minoritarias en cuestión. Nuestro objetivo, por lo tanto, es mapear esta realidad diversa y sobre todo sus tendencias actuales y así proporcionar una visión moderna de este tema.
Bilingualism and multilingualism have long been in the focus of contemporary linguistic research and fieldwork. In the majority of cases, multilingualism has been perceived and thus considered as an active competence, which has led to a notable number of studies that focused, for example, on the balanced competence of two or more languages of one speaker (i.e., a list consisting of pros and cons of multilingual knowledge etc.). Contrastly, in our article, we aim to process its counterpart which is passive or, in other words, receptive knowledge. In the case of the Iberian Peninsula, receptive multilingualism has been a common occurrence since the beginnings of the romanization of this area and therefore could not and should not be classified as monolingual. The situation has changed dramatically with the introduction and rise of the ideology of monolingual habitus (i.e., one nation calls for one language) which tends to consider multilingualism and linguistic diversity an obstacle to nation building. From the current perspective, we face pressure from Spanish national language planning, which severely, and to a considerable extent implicitly, limits the functions of the present minority languages. Our aim, therefore, is to map this diverse reality of current trends and thus provide a modern overview of this topic.
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