Název: The coinage of king Areus i revisited: uses of the past in Spartan coins
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2015, roč. 20, č. 2, s. [145]-159
Rozsah
[145]-159
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/134636
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
For many years, scholars describe king Areus I as the monarch who followed the Hellenistic model of ruling. He was the only one of the two Spartan kings mentioned by name at the Chremonidean Decree and he issued Sparta's first silver coins, which bore inscription with his name. These changes are implemented in a period during which Sparta is nowhere near its former glorious self. I will argue that during the early Hellenistic period, an era of major political, cultural and social changes, the past is used as a prominent political instrument more than ever. As new structures of power and political organisation rise, the status quo of the city-states of Classical Greece is transformed. The past always occupied a specific role in the history of the polis throughout the Archaic and Classical periods as civic identity was authenticated by more or less exclusive local myths. However, now the past is urgently needed to be rewritten as it possesses the potential to reshape contemporary worldviews. Areus I initiatives brought Sparta again at the forefront of the Hellenistic world and were the result of the mentality of Hegemony built in Sparta through a long history of hegemonial presence both in Peloponnesos and Greece. This paper aims (a) to assess the use of the past during the reign of Areus I of Sparta (r. 309–265) and (b) to highlight the dynamics of the active manipulation of the past as political tool by evaluating the iconographic choices on the first example of Spartan silver coinage.
Reference
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[3] Diodorus (1939). Bibliotheca Historica. Trans. C. H. Oldfather (Loeb Classical Library 340). Harvard: Harvard University Press.
[4] Herodotus (1920). Histories. Trans. A. D. Godley. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[5] Justin (1853). Historiarum Philippicarum libri XLIV. Trans. J. S. Watson. London: Henry G. Bohn.
[6] Livy (1935). Ab Urbe Condita. Trans. E. T. Sage. London: William Heinemann.
[7] Pausanias (1933). Description of Greece. Trans. W. H. S. Jones (Loeb Classical Library 272). London: William Heinemann.
[8] Polybius (1962). Historiae. Trans. E. S. Shuckburgh. Bloominghton: Indiana University Press.
[9] Plutarch (1916–1920). Lives. Trans. B. Perrin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[10] Theocritos (1901). Idylls. Trans. R. J. Cholmeley. London: George Bell & Sons.
[11] Velleius Paterculus (1924). Historiae Romanae. Trans. F. W. Shipley (Loeb Classical Library 152). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[12] Andronikos, M. (2004). Vergina: The Royal Tombs and the Ancient City. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon.
[13] Anson, E. M. (2010). Why Study Ancient Macedonia and What this Companion is About. In J. Roisman, & I. Worthington (Eds.), A Companion to Ancient Macedonia (pp. 3–20). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
[14] Asirvatham, S., R. (2010). Perspectives on the Macedonians from Greece, Rome, and Beyond. In J. Roisman, & I. Worthington (Eds.), A Companion to Ancient Macedonia (pp. 99–124). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
[15] Assmann, J. (1995). Collective Memory and Cultural Identity. New German Critique, 65, 125–133. | DOI 10.2307/488538
[16] Badian, E. (1981). The Deification of Alexander the Great. In H. J. Dell (Ed.), Ancient Macedonian Studies in Honor of Charles F. Edson (pp. 27–71). Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies.
[17] Bakalakis, G., & Andronikos, M. (1970). Χρονικά. Ανασκαφή Βεργίνης. Αρχαιολογικόν Δελτίον [Archaeologikon Deltion], 25(2), 390–396.
[18] Barron, J. P. (1966). The Silver Coins of Samos. London: Athlone Press.
[19] Cartledge, P. (2002). Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History 1300 to 362 BC. London and New York: Routledge.
[20] Cartledge, P., & Spawforth, A. (2002). Hellenistic and Roman Sparta: A Tale of Two Cities. London and New York: Routledge.
[21] Dahmen, K. (2007). The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins. London and New York: Routledge.
[22] Davies, J. K. (2007). Hellenistic Economies. In G. R. Bugh (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World (pp. 73–93). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
[23] Engels, J. (2010). Macedonians and Greeks. In J. Roisman, & I. Worthington (Eds.), A Companion to Ancient Macedonia (pp. 81–98). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
[24] Engeström, Y. (2009). Expansive Learning: Toward an Activity-Theoretical Reconceptualization. In K. Illeris (Ed.), Contemporary Theories of Learning: Learning Theorists... in their Own Words (pp. 53–73). London and New York: Routledge.
[25] Erickson, K. G. (2009). The Early Seleucids, their Gods and their Coins. PhD Thesis, University of Exeter.
[26] Gehrke, H.-J. (2001). Myth, History, and Collective Identity: Uses of the Past in Ancient Greece and Beyond. In N. Luraghi (Ed.), The Historian's Craft in the Age of Herodotus (pp. 286–314). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
[27] Gell, A. (1998). Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[28] Grunaeur-von Hoerschelmann, S. (1978). Die Münzprägung der Lakedaimonier (Antike Münzen und geschnittene Steine, Vol. 7). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
[29] Halbwachs, M. (1980). The Collective Memory. New York: Harper and Row.
[30] Hölbl, G. (2001). A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. London: Routledge.
[31] Hodkinson, S. (2000). Οικονομία και Εμπόριο. Ιστορικά, 61, 31–37.
[32] Hoover, O. D. (2011). Handbook of Coins of the Peloponnesos: Achaia, Phleiasia, Sikyonia, Elis, Triphylia, Messenia, Laconia, Argolis, and Arkadia: Sixth to First Centuries BC (Handbook of Greek Coinage, Vol. 5). Lancaster, Pa. and London: Classical Numismatics Group, Inc. (CNG).
[33] Karwiese, S. (1980). Lysander as Herakliskos Dakonopnigon: Heracles the snake-strangler. The Numismatic Chronicle, 20, 1–27.
[34] Kontes, Z. S. (2007). The Dating of the Coinage of Alexander the Great. Joukowsky Institute Publications. Retreived from: http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/publications/papers/alexander_coinage/alexander.html.
[35] Kremydi, S. (2011). Coinage and Finance. In R. J. Lane Fox (Ed.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC–300 AD (pp. 159–178). Leiden: Brill.
[36] Lévy, E. (2008). Σπάρτη: Κοινωνική και πολιτική ιστορία έως τη ρωμαϊκή κατάκτηση, Athens: Patakis.
[37] Lorber, C. C. (2005). A Revised Chronology for the Coinage of Ptolemy I. Numismatic Chronicle, 165, 45–64.
[38] Lorber, C. C. (2008). The Ancient Messenians: Constructions of Ethnicity and Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[39] Manning, J. G. (2005). The Ptolemaic Economy, Institution, Economic Integration, and the Limits of Centralized Political Power (pp. 1–15). Princeton / Stanford Working Papers in Classics.
[40] Marquaille, C. (2014). The Foreign Policy of Ptolemy II. In P. McKechnie, & P. Guillame (Eds.), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World (Mnemosyne Supplements 300, pp. 39–64). Leiden and Boston: Brill.
[41] Meadows, A., & Shipton, K. (Eds.). (2001). Money and its Uses in the Ancient Greek World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[42] Miller, H. F. (1984). The Practical and Economic Background to the Greek Mercenary Explosion. Greece & Rome, Second Series, 31(2), 153–160. | DOI 10.1017/S0017383500028527
[43] Mørkholm, O. (1991). Early Hellenistic Coinage from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336–186 B.C.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[44] O'Neil, J. L. (2008). A Re-Examination of the Chremonidean War. In P. McKechnie, & P. Guillame (Eds.), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and His World (Mnemosyne Supplements 300, pp. 65–90). Leiden and Boston: Brill.
[45] Palagia, O. (1986). Imitation of Herakles in Ruler Portaiture: A Survery, from Alexander to Maximinus Daza. Boreas, 9, 137–151.
[46] Palagia, O. (2006). Art and Royalty in Sparta of the 3rd Century B.C. Hesperia, 75, 205–217.
[47] Pollitt, J. J. (1986). Art in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[48] Price, M. J. (1991). The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: A British Museum Catalogue (Volumes 1, 2). Zurich and London: The Swiss Numismatic Society; British Museum Press.
[49] Psoma, S. E. (2002). Το βασίλειο των Μακεδόνων πριν από τον Φίλιππο Β': Νομισματική και ιστορική προσέγγιση. In E. Grammatikopoulou (Ed.), Η ιστορική διαδρομή της νομισματικής μονάδας στην Ελλάδα (pp. 25–47). Athens: National Research Foundation (EIE).
[50] Robert, J., & Robert L. (1974). Bulletin épigraphique in Revue des études grecques, 87, 186–340.
[51] Shipley, D. G. J. (2000). The Greek World after Alexander, 323–330 B.C. London and New York: Routledge.
[52] Skinner, J. (2010). Fish heads and mussel-shells: visualizing Greek identity. In L. Foxhall, H.-J. Gehrke, & N. Luraghi (Eds.), Intentional History: Spinning Time in Ancient Greece. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
[53] Skinner, Q. (2002). Visions of Politics: Regarding Method (Volume 1). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
[54] SNG ANS (1994). Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Part 8: Macedonia 2 (Alexander I–Philip II). New York: The American Numismatic Society.
[55] Stafford, E. (2014). Herakles. London and New York: Routledge.
[56] Thompson, D. (2014). Economic Reford in the Mid-Reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus. In McKechnie, P., & Guillame, P. (Eds.), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World (Mnemosyne Supplements 300, pp. 27–38). Leiden and Boston: Brill.
[57] Troxell, H. A. (1971). The Peloponnesian Alexanders. American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, 17, 41–94.
[58] Tsouratsoglou, I. (2002). Νομισματική και Αρχαιολογία. In E. Grammatikopoulou (Ed.), Η ιστορική διαδρομή της νομισματικής μονάδας στην Ελλάδα (pp. 11–23). Athens: National Research Foundation (EIE).
[59] Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[60] Walbank, F. W. (2006a). Monarchies and Monarchic Ideas. In W. F. Walbank, A. E. Astin, M. W. Frederiksen, & R. M. Ogilvie (Eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History (CAH) (Volume VII; Part 1: The Hellenistic World, pp. 62–100). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[61] Walbank, F. W. (2006b). Macedonia and Greece. In W. F. Walbank, A. E. Astin, M. W. Frederiksen, & R. M. Ogilvie (Eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History (CAH) (Volume VII; Part 1: The Hellenistic World, pp. 221–256). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[62] Walker, A. S. (2006). Coins of Peloponnesos: The BCD Collection (May 8–9, 2006, Hotel Savoy-Baur en Ville) (Auction LHS 96). Zurich: LHS Numismatics.
[63] Walker, A. S. (2009). Nomos 1: Auction Catalog of Greek, Roman, Early Medieval and Early Modern Coins and Medals. Zurich: Nomos AG.