Vliv Aristotelova myšlení na eucharistický spor 11. století

One of the most predominant themes of llth century philosophical and theological thought was the controversy between Berengar of Tours and Lanfranc of Pavia on the nature of the changing of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus Christ during the mystery of Eucharist. Both notable dialectics of their day expanded the debate between Ratramnus of Corvey (maybe even John Scotus Eriugena) and Paschasius Radbert, who 200 years earlier renewed interest about theoretical solutions of sacrament Eucharist, when they developed the ideas of patristic saints Ambrose and Augustine. Using peripatetic logic, Berengar developed thinking of Ratramnus and refuted the materialization of Jesus Christ's presence during Eucharist because of dialectic and grammatical reasons. He believed that the Son of God is actually presem at the Eucharist, but only as sacrament (sacramentum). Lanfranc refuted his assertions by logically rebuking Berengat's formal inconsistencies in his syllogisms and defended the official church and its teachings by describing the changes of bread and wine during Eucharist using Aristotle's metaphysical teachings about substance and accidents.