Název: Akvadukty v antickom Grécku (6.–2. storočie pred Kr.)
Variantní název:
- Aqueducts in Ancient Greece (6th–2nd centuries BC)
Zdrojový dokument: Studia archaeologica Brunensia. 2023, roč. 28, č. 1, s. 5-44
Rozsah
5-44
-
ISSN1805–918X (print)2336–4505 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SAB2023-1-1
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.78147
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Jazyk shrnutí
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Článok pojednáva o zásobovaní a distribúcií vody, prostredníctvom akvaduktov postavených v antickom Grécku v období od 6. do 2. storočia pred Kr. Rozoberaná je v ňom definícia akvaduktu, jeho pôvod a počiatky, prenos technológií na grécku pevninu, a predovšetkým jeho chronologický vývoj v archaickom až helenistickom období. Tento článok je zameraný na ich charakteristiku, dôvody, ktoré zapríčinili ich výstavbu a používanie, ale i na spôsob, akým boli postavené, či aký materiál a technológie boli pri tom použité. Osobitná pozornosť je tiež venovaná spoločným a odlišným znakom medzi akvaduktmi v rôznych časových obdobiach, a pre porovnanie, aj gréckym akvaduktom nachádzajúcim sa v Malej Ázii. Následné zistenia tak umožňujú vytvoriť prehľad gréckych akvaduktov v daných časových obdobiach. Intenzívnu výstavbu možno vidieť v archaickom období, naproti klasickému, kedy ich bolo postavených menej, a to kvôli pretrvávajúcemu používaniu starších akvaduktov. Rozmach v ich budovaní však opäť nastáva v helenistickom období, práve vďaka rozvoju nových technológií.
The article deals with the issues of supply and distribution of water through aqueducts built in Ancient Greece in the period from the 6th to the 2nd century BC. Discussion is held about the definition of the aqueduct, its origins, the transfer of technology to the mainland Greece, and above all its chronological development in the Archaic to Hellenistic periods. This article is focused on the characteristics of aqueducts, the reasons that led to their construction and use, but also on the way they were built, and what materials and technologies were used. Special attention is paid to common and different features of aqueducts from various time periods, and for comparison, also to Greek aqueducts located in Asia Minor. Subsequent findings thus make it possible to create an overview of Greek aqueducts in the given time periods. Intensive build-up can be seen in the Archaic period, as opposed to the Classical period, when fewer were built, due to the continued use of older aqueducts. However, the boom in their construction occurs again in the Hellenistic period, thanks to the development of new technologies.
Reference
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[29] Martin, T. R. 1947: An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander. In: Perseus Digital Library.
[30] Mays, L. W. a kol. 2007: A brief history of urban water supply in antiquity. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol. 7/No. 1, 1–12.
[31] Miller, S. G. 2015: Excavations at Nemea, 1997 – 2001. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Vol. 84/No. 2, 277–353.
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[35] Nikolaou, T. G. a kol. 2017: Evolution of Cretan Aqueducts and Their Potential for Hydro-electric Exploitation. Water Vol. 9/No. 1, 31–49.
[36] Öziş, Ü. 1995: Helenistik, Roma, Bizans Dönemlerinde Trakya Ve Batı Anadolu. In: Öziş, Ü. (ed.): Çağlar Boyunca Anadolu‘da Su Mühendisliği. Istanbul, 16–37.
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[39] Tomlinson, R. A. 1969: Perachora: The remains outside the two sanctuaries. Annual of the British School at Athens Vol. 64, 155–258.
[40] Voudouris, K. S. a kol. 2013: Hydrogeological Characteristics of Hellenic Aqueducts-Like Qanats. Water Vol. 5/No. 3, 1326–1345.
[41] Voudouris, K. S. a kol. 2016: Evolution of underground aqueducts in the Hellenic world. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol. 16/No. 5, 1159–1177.
[42] Whitley, J. 2001: The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge.
[43] Zarkadoulas, N. a kol. 2012: A brief history of urban water management in ancient Greece. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Mays, L. W. – Koutsoyiannis, D. – Mamassis, N. (eds.): Evolution of Water Supply Throughout the Millennia. London, 259–270.
[2] Adamíková, B. 2021: Terminológia a technický postup výstavby a fungovanie akvaduktov. In: Daňová, M. – Kolon, T. (eds.): IN AQUA SANITAS. Svet antických akvaduktov a zásobovanie vodou. Trnava, 15–34.
[3] Angelakis, A. N. 2017: Hydro-technologies in the Minoan Era. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol. 17/No. 4, 1106–1120.
[4] Angelakis, A. N. a kol. 2012: Evolution of water supply technologies through the centuries in Crete, Greece. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Mays, L. W. – Koutsoyiannis,
[5] D. – Mamassis, N. (eds.): Evolution of Water Supply Throughout the Millennia. London, 227–258.
[6] Angelakis, A. N. a kol. 2014: Urban Water Supply, Wastewater, and Stormwater Considerations in Ancient Hellas: Lessons Learned. Environment and Natural Resources Research. Vol. 4/No. 3, 95–102.
[7] Angelakis, A. N. a kol. 2006: Minoan Aqueducts: A Pioneering Technology. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Koutsoyiannis, D. (eds.): 1st IWA International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations. London, 423–429.
[8] Avgerinou, P. 2017: Ancient Water Supply Systems in Megara. In: Wellbrock, K. (ed.): Cura Aquarum in Greece Vol. 27/Part 2. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region. Siegburg, 443–472.
[9] Avgerinou, P. a kol. 2017: Updated Appraisal of Ancient Underground Aqueduct in Greece. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Chiotis, E. D. – Eslamian, S. – Weingartner, H. (eds.): Underground Aqueducts Handbook. Boca Raton, 43–62.
[10] Camp, McK. J. 1977: The water supply of ancient Athens from 3000 to 86 BC: Ph.D. Thesis Princeton University. New Jersey.
[11] De Feo, G. a kol. 2013: Historical and Technical Notes on Aqueducts from Prehistoric to Medieval Times. Water Vol. 5/No. 4, 1996–2025.
[12] De Feo, G. a kol. 2012: Water supply management technologies in the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Mays, L. W. – Koutsoyiannis, D. – Mamassis, N. (eds.): Evolution of Water Supply Throughout the Millennia. London, 351–382.
[13] Ďurianová, A. 2020: Základná chronológia gréckej civilizácie. In: Kuzmová, K. – Novotná, M. (eds.): 2Úvod do štúdia klasickej archeológie II. Trnava, 12–15.
[14] Halásová, L. 2021: Úvod do antického vodárenstva. In: Daňová, M. – Kolon, T. (eds.): IN AQUA SANITAS. Svet antických akvaduktov a zásobovanie vodou. Trnava, 6–14.
[15] Hodge, A. T. 2002: Roman Aqueducts and Water Supply. London.
[16] Chiotis, E. D. 2011: Water supply and drainage works in the Agora of ancient Athens. In: Giannikouri A. (ed.): The Agora in The Mediterranean from Homeric to Roman times. International Conference Kos, 14 – 17 April 2011. Athens, 165–180.
[17] Chiotis, E. D. 2017: Minoan Hydraulic Tradition and Technology Transfer to Thebes and Corinth in Greece with Emphasis on Underground. In: Wellbrock, K. (ed.): Cura Aquarum in Greece (Vol. 27, Part 2). Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region. Siegburg, 341–376.
[18] Chiotis, E. D. – Chioti, L. E. 2012: Water supply of Athens in the antiquity. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Mays, L. W. – Koutsoyiannis, D. – Mamassis, N. (eds.): Evolution of Water Supply Throughout the Millennia. London, 407–442.
[19] Chiotis, E. D. – Marinos, G. P. 2012: Geological aspects on the sustainability of ancient aqueducts of Athens. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece Vol. 46, 16–38.
[20] Christaki, M. 2019: Water supply associated with the development of the city of Athens from the Prehistoric period until the Hellenistic era. Athens, 1–30.
[21] Kaiafa-Saropoulou, A. 2018: Vaulted-roof aqueduct channels in Roman Macedonia. In: Aristodemou, G. A. – Tassios, T. P. (eds.): Great Waterworks in Roman Greece: Aqueducts and Monumental Fountain Structures: Function in Context. Oxford, 15–25.
[22] Klingborg, P. 2017: Greek Cisterns: Water and Risk in Ancient Greece, 600–50 BC. Ph.D. Thesis Uppsala University. Uppsala.
[23] Klingborg, P. 2019: Fill and Chronology in Ancient Greek Cisterns. Schriftenreihe der Frontinus-Gesellschaft Heft 31. Bonn, 43–64.
[24] Koutsoyiannis, D. – Mamassis, N. 2017: The Water Supply of Athens through the Centuries. In: Wellbrock, K. (ed.): Cura Aquarum in Greece Vol. 27/Part 1. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region. Siegburg, 31–42.
[25] Koutsoyiannis, D. – Patrikiou, A. 2014: Water Control in Ancient Greek Cities. In: Tvedt, T. – Oestigaard, T. (eds.): A History of Water: Water and Urbanization Vol. 1. London, 130–148.
[26] Koutsoyiannis, D. a kol. 2008: Urban Water Management in Ancient Greece: Legacies and Lessons. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Vol. 134/No. 1, 1–25.
[27] Lambrinoudakis, V. a kol. 2017: The Ancient Aqueductof Naxos. In: Wellbrock, K. (ed.): Cura Aquarum in Greece Vol. 27/Part 2. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region. Siegburg, 377–394.
[28] Lindáková, S. 2022: Akvadukty v antickom Grécku (6. – 2. storočie pred Kr.). Magisterská diplomová práca uložená na FF Truni. Trnava.
[29] Martin, T. R. 1947: An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander. In: Perseus Digital Library.
[30] Mays, L. W. a kol. 2007: A brief history of urban water supply in antiquity. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol. 7/No. 1, 1–12.
[31] Miller, S. G. 2015: Excavations at Nemea, 1997 – 2001. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Vol. 84/No. 2, 277–353.
[32] Miller, S. G. a kol. 1990: Nemea: a guide to the site and museum. Berkeley.
[33] Morgan, C. 2013: The Early Iron Age. In: Raaflaub, K. A. – Wees, H. v. (eds.): A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden, MA; Oxford – Chichester, 43–63.
[34] Morris, C. 2013: The Eighth-century Revolution. In: Raaflaub, K. A. – Wees, H. v. (eds.): A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden, MA; Oxford – Chichester, 64–80.
[35] Nikolaou, T. G. a kol. 2017: Evolution of Cretan Aqueducts and Their Potential for Hydro-electric Exploitation. Water Vol. 9/No. 1, 31–49.
[36] Öziş, Ü. 1995: Helenistik, Roma, Bizans Dönemlerinde Trakya Ve Batı Anadolu. In: Öziş, Ü. (ed.): Çağlar Boyunca Anadolu‘da Su Mühendisliği. Istanbul, 16–37.
[37] Simonton, M. 2019: Classical Greek Oligarchy: A Political History. Princeton.
[38] Stein-Hölkeskamp, E. 2013: The Tyrants. In: Raaflaub, K. A. – Wees, H. v. (eds.): A Companion to Archaic Greece. Malden, MA; Oxford–Chichester, 100–116.
[39] Tomlinson, R. A. 1969: Perachora: The remains outside the two sanctuaries. Annual of the British School at Athens Vol. 64, 155–258.
[40] Voudouris, K. S. a kol. 2013: Hydrogeological Characteristics of Hellenic Aqueducts-Like Qanats. Water Vol. 5/No. 3, 1326–1345.
[41] Voudouris, K. S. a kol. 2016: Evolution of underground aqueducts in the Hellenic world. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol. 16/No. 5, 1159–1177.
[42] Whitley, J. 2001: The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge.
[43] Zarkadoulas, N. a kol. 2012: A brief history of urban water management in ancient Greece. In: Angelakis, A. N. – Mays, L. W. – Koutsoyiannis, D. – Mamassis, N. (eds.): Evolution of Water Supply Throughout the Millennia. London, 259–270.