Název: Out of Germany : the pilgrim badges as a tool of communication, using the example of the badges of Wilsnack
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2023, roč. 28, č. 2, s. 5-18
Rozsah
5-18
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2023-2-1
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.79112
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Přístupová práva
otevřený přístup
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Imagery still plays a crucial role in a world of various languages and dialects. However, during the Middle Ages, when the masses were illiterate and the outside world often unknown and incomprehensible, images and visuality created a safe and coherent support for those who witnessed it. Iconography as a mode of non-verbal communication was often used by the Church, but people communicated among themselves through images, too. One of the popular modes of visual communication in the Middle Ages were badges – small objects, usually made to be worn pinned to the front of clothing or hats, or suspended. The badges existed in both the religious and secular spheres of human life and were meant to communicate an individual's personal or business affiliations, religious beliefs or even jokes.
The following paper will focus on the religious badges using the example of the pilgrim badges of Wilsnack. It will analyse the levels on which these badges communicated not only visually, but also as indirect mediators of information, agents of private conversations with God and saints, and as tools of surprising unification of pilgrims during the times of Wilsnack controversy.
The following paper will focus on the religious badges using the example of the pilgrim badges of Wilsnack. It will analyse the levels on which these badges communicated not only visually, but also as indirect mediators of information, agents of private conversations with God and saints, and as tools of surprising unification of pilgrims during the times of Wilsnack controversy.
Note
The study was published within the project MUNI/A/1208/2022 Evropské proměny a konstanty: antické civilizace a jazyky v dalším evropském vývoji (European Changes and Stability: Ancient Civilizations and Languages in Later European Transformations)
Reference
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[3] Ludecus, M. (1586). Historia von der Erfindung, Wunderwercken und Zerstörung des vermeinten heiligen Bluts zur Wilssnagk. Wittenberg: Clemens Schleich.
[4] Luther, M. (1860). The book of vagabonds and beggars. London: John Camden Hotten.
[5] Riedel, A. F. (Ed.). (1842). Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. Berlin: F. H. Morin.
[6] Blick, S. (2019). Bringing Pilgrimage Home: The Production, Iconography, and Domestic Use of Late-Medieval Devotional Objects by Ordinary People. Religions, 10(6), 392 [online available at doi 10.3390/rel10060392; accessed 14.09.2023].
[7] Breest, E. (1881). Das Wunderblut von Wilsnack (1383–1552). Quellenmäßige Darstellung seiner Geschichte. Märkische Forschungen, 16, 131–302.
[8] Buchholz, R., & Gralow, K.-D. (1992). De hystorie unde erfindinghe des heillighen sacraments tho der wilsnagk. Bad Wilsnack: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde.
[9] Bynum, C. W. (2008). Wonderful Blood: Theology and Practice in Late Medieval Northern Germany and Beyond. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
[10] Carsten, F. L. (1943). Medieval Democracy in the Brandenburg Towns and Its Defeat in the Fifteenth Century: The Alexander Prize Essay. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 25, 73–91.
[11] Foster-Campbell, M. (2011). Pilgrimage through the Pages: Pilgrims' Badges in Late Medieval Devotional Manuscripts. In S. Blick, & L. D. Gelfand (Eds.), Push Me, Pull You: Imaginative and Emotional Interaction in Late Medieval and Renaissance Art (pp. 227–274). Leiden − Boston: Brill.
[12] Gieseler, J. C. L. (1855). A Compendium of Ecclesiastical History. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
[13] Koldeweij, A. M. (1999). Lifting the Veil on Pilgrim Badges. In J. Stopford (Ed.), Pilgrimage Explored (pp. 161−188). York: York Medieval Press.
[14] Köster, K. (1974). Ein spätmittelalterliches Blomberger Pilgerzeichen. Zu einem Amsterdamer Bodenfund von 1973. Lippische Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde, 43, 9–18.
[15] Kühne, H., & Ansorge, J. (2016). Die Pilgerzeichen aus dem Hafen von Stade. Ein Fenster in die unbekannte Wallfahrtsgeschichte des Landes zwischen Weser und Elbe. In G. Fiedler (Ed.), Stader Jahrbuch 2016 (pp. 11–43). Stade: Selbstverlag des Stader Geschichts- und Heimatvereins.
[16] Kühne, H., Lambacher, L. & Hrdina, J. (Eds.). (2012). Wallfahrer aus dem Osten: Mittelalterliche Pilgerzeichen zwischen Ostsee, Donau und Seine (Europäische Wallfahrtsstudien). Berlin: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.
[17] Kühne, H., & Ziesak, A.-K. (2005). Wunder Wallfahrt Widersacher. Die Wilsnackfahrt. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet.
[18] Mann, B. (2019). Bad Wilsnack. Historischer Wallfahrtsort und Kurstadt mit Tradition. Berlin: Bäßler.
[19] Pokorny, E. (2003). Bosch's Cripples and Drawings by His Imitators. Master Drawings, 41, 293−304.
[20] Rasmussen, A. M. (2012). Wanderlust: Gift Exchange, Sex, And The Meanings Of Mobility. In M. Egidi, L. Lieb, & M. Schnyder (Eds.), 'Liebe schenken': Liebesgaben in der Literatur des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit (pp. 219–229). Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
[21] Rasmussen, A. M. (2016). Material Meanings: What a Medieval Badge Can Tell You about Translation in the Middle Ages. In B. Wiggin, & C. MacLeod (Eds.), Un/Translatables: New Maps for German Literature (pp. 215– 228). Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
[22] Rasmussen, A. M. (2021). Medieval Badges: Their wearers and their worlds. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
[23] Sarnowski, J. (2022). Looking for Signs: Criticism, Doubts, and Popular Belief in Fifteenth-Century Germany. In Z. Strauss (Ed.), Maimonides Review of Philosophy and Religion (pp. 240–277). Leiden: Brill.
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[26] Kunera Database [online available at https://kunera.nl/; accessed 14.09.2023].
[27] Medieval Badges, Academic Project [online available at https://www.medievalbadges.ca/; accessed 14.09.2023].
[28] Pilgerzeichen Datenbank [online available at https://www.pilgerzeichen.de/; accessed 14.09.2023].
[29] Yale University Library Digital Collections [online available at https://collections.library.yale.edu; accessed 14.09.2023].