Název: Aeneas' deer-hunting and the bees of Carthage : the influence of Xenophon on Virgil
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2024, roč. 29, č. 1, s. 77-91
Rozsah
77-91
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2024-1-4
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.79995
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
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Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
The classical Athenian polymath Xenophon is an unappreciated source for certain passages of Virgil's Aeneid. Close consideration of the parallels between texts from Xenophon's Kynegeticus and Oeconomicus and scenes from Aeneid 1 in particular will reveal an intricate web of intertextual allusions and demonstrate that Xenophon is a key literary antecedent for the decisions of the epic poet both to highlight the deer-hunting prowess of his hero and to accord a prominent place to bees and apian lore in his portrait of Elissa's nascent Carthage.
Reference
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[37] Kronenberg, L. (2009). Allegories of Farming from Greece and Rome: Philosophical Satire in Xenophon, Varro, and Virgil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[38] Leach, E. W. (1977). Sedes apibus: From the Georgics to the Aeneid. Vergilius, 23, 2–16.
[39] Lu, H. (2011). Queen Bee and Housewife: Extension of Social Moral Education into Private Sphere in Xenophon's Oeconomicus. Journal of Cambridge Studies, 6, 145–162.
[40] Marchant, E. C. (Ed.). (1920). Xenophontis Opera Omnia (Tomus V). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[41] Marchant, E. C. (Ed.). (1921). Xenophontis Opera Omnia (Tomus II; 2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. | DOI 10.1163/156852899321331770
[42] Mayhew, R. (1999). King-Bees and Mother-Wasps: A Note on Ideology and Gender in Aristotle's Entomology Phronesis, 44, 127–134. | DOI 10.1163/156852899321331770
[43] Mayor, A. (2014). The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[44] Momigliano, A. (1987). On Pagans, Jews, and Christians. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press.
[45] Moseley, N. (1925). Pius Aeneas. The Classical Journal, 20, 387–400.
[46] Moseley, N. (1926). Characters and Epithets: A Study in Vergil's Aeneid. New York: Yale University Press.
[47] Murnaghan, S. (1988). How a Woman Can Be More Like a Man: The Dialogue between Ischomachus and His Wife in Xenophon's Oeconomicus. Helios, 15, 9–22.
[48] Nelsestuen, G. A. (2017). Oikonomia as a Theory of Empire in the Political Thought of Xenophon and Aristole. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 57, 74–104.
[49] Newman, J., & Newman, F. S. (2005). Troy's Children: Lost Generations in Virgil's Aeneid. Hildesheim – Zürich – New York: Georg Olms Verlag.
[50] Ogilvie, R. M. (Ed.). (1970). A Commentary on Livy, Books 1–5 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[51] Oost, S. I. (1977–1978). Xenophon's Attitude toward Women. The Classical World, 71, 225–236.
[52] Otis, B. (1964). Virgil: A Study in Civilised Poetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[53] Phillips, A., & Willcock, M. M. (1999). Xenophon & Arrian, On Hunting (Kynēgetikos). Warminster: Aris & Phillips.
[54] Pigoń, J. (1991). Dido, Diana, and Penthesilea: Observations on the Queen's First Appearance in the "Aeneid". Eos, 79, 45–53.
[55] Polk, G. C. (1996). Vergil's Penelope: The Diana Simile in Aeneid 1.498–502. Vergilius, 42, 38–49.
[56] Pomeroy, S. B. (1994). Xenophon, Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[57] Pöschl, V. (1977). Die Dichtkunst Virgils: Bild und Symbol in der Äneis (3rd ed.). Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter. | DOI 10.1017/s0009840x00100538
[58] Rocca, S. (1983). Etologia virgiliana Genova: Istituto di filologia classica e medievale. | DOI 10.1017/s0009840x00100538
[59] Tarrant, R. J. (Ed.). (2012). Virgil: Aeneid Book XII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[60] Scanlon, T. F. (2002). Eros and Greek Athletics. New York: Oxford University Press.
[61] Strelan, R. (1996). Paul, Artemis, and the Jews of Ephesus. Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter.
[62] Suerbaum, W. (1999). Vergils Aeneis: Epos zwischen Geschichte und Gegenwart. Stuttgart: Reclam.
[63] Sussman, L. S. (1978). Workers and Drones: Labor, Idleness, and Gender Definition in Hesiod's Beehive. Arethusa, 11, 27–41.
[64] Thornton, M. K. (1985). The Adaptation of Homer's Artemis-Nausicaa Simile in the Aeneid. Latomus, 44, 615–622.
[65] Vallat, D., & Béjuis-Vallat, M. (Eds.). (2023). Servius, Commentaire sur l'Énéide de Virgile (Livre I). Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
[66] West, M. L. (Ed.). (1992). Iambi et Elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum Cantati (2nd ed.). Oxford – New York: Oxford University Press.
[67] Whitfield, B. G. (1956). Virgil and the Bees: A Study in Ancient Apicultural Lore. Greece & Rome, 3, 99–117.
[68] Wilhelm, M. P. (1987). Venus, Diana, Dido and Camilla in the Aeneid Vergilius, 33, 43–48. | DOI 10.1086/366282
[69] Wimmel, W. (1973). 'Hirtenkrieg' und arkadisches Rom: Reduktionsmedien in Vergils Aeneis München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. | DOI 10.1086/366282
[70] Winston, M. L. (1987). The Biology of the Honey Bee. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
[2] Binek, N. M. (2018). The Poetic Darkness of Aphrodite and Its Reception in Vergil's Aeneid [Dissertation]. Cornell University.
[3] Bodson, L. (1978). 'IEPA ZΩIA: Contribution à la étude de la place de l'animal dans la religion grecque ancienne. Bruxelles: Palais des Académies.
[4] Bömer, F. (§1977). P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphosen (Buch VIII–IX). Heidelberg: Winter.
[5] Bömer, F. (1980). P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphosen (Buch X–XI). Heidelberg: Winter.
[6] Bömer, F. (2008). P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphosen (Buch VI–VII; 2. Aufl.). Heidelberg: Winter.
[7] Briggs, W. W. (1980). Narrative and Simile from the Georgics in the Aeneid. Leiden: Brill.
[8] Brock, R. (2004). Xenophon's Political Imagery In C. Tuplin (Ed.), Xenophon and his World: Papers from a conference held in Liverpool in July 1999 (Historia Einzelschriften 172; pp. 247–258). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. | DOI 10.1017/s0075426900007990
[9] Capdeville, G. (1992). La jeunesse de Camille Mélanges de l'école française de Rome, 104, 303–338. | DOI 10.3406/mefr.1992.1759
[10] Carlson, G. (1972). Die Verwandlung der homerischen Gleichnisse in Vergils Äneis. [Dissertation]. University of Heidelberg.
[11] Carlson, R. D. (2015). The Honey Bee and Apian Imagery in Classical Literature [Dissertation]. University of Washington.
[12] Carter, M. A. S. (2002). Vergilium Vestigare: Aeneid 12.587–8 The Classical Quarterly, 52, 615– 617. | DOI 10.1093/cq/52.2.615
[13] Christ, M. R. (2020). Xenophon and the Athenian Democracy: The Education of an Elite Citizenry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[14] Clausen, W. (2002). Virgil's Aeneid: Decorum, Allusion, and Ideology. Munich – Leipzig: K. G. Saur.
[15] Conte, G. B. (2019). Publius Vergilius Maro: Aeneis (Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum; editio altera). Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter. | DOI 10.1017/s0009840x11003301
[16] De Villiers, A. (2013). The Deer Hunter: A Portrait of Aeneas. Akroterion, 56, 47–59.
[17] Dunkle, J. R. (1973). The Hunter and Hunting in the Aeneid. Ramus, 2, 127–142.
[18] Elderkin, G. W. (1939). The Bee of Artemis. The American Journal of Philology, 60, 203–213.
[19] Erdmann, M. (2000). Überredende Reden in Vergils Aeneis. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
[20] Glei, R. F. (1991). Der Vater der Dinge: Interpretationen zur politischen, literarischen und kulturellen Dimension des Krieges bei Vergil. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
[21] Gray, V. (1985). Xenophon's Cynegeticus. Hermes, 113, 156–172.
[22] Fratantuono, L. (2008). Velocem Potuit Domuisse Puellam: Propertius, Catullus, and Atalanta's Race. Latomus, 67, 342–352.
[23] Fratantuono, L. (2008b). Laviniaque venit litora: Blushes, Bees, and Virgil's Lavinia. Maia, 60, 40–50.
[24] Fratantuono, L. (2022). Homer's Nausicaä and Virgil's Dido, or the Intertextuality of Hunting and Shipburning. Maia, 74, 12–27.
[25] Fratantuono, L., & Smith, R. A. (2022). Virgil, Aeneid 4: Text, Translation, and Commentary. Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[26] Gini, A. (1993). The Manly Intellect of His Wife: Xenophon, Oeconomicus Ch. 7 The Classical World, 86, 483–486. | DOI 10.2307/4351395
[27] Giusti, E. (2014). Virgil's Carthaginians at Aen. 1.430–6: Cyclopes in Bees' Clothing The Cambridge Classical Journal, 60, 37–58. | DOI 10.1017/s1750270514000013
[28] Glazebrook, A. (2009). Cosmetics and Sôphrosunê: Ischomachus' Wife in Xenophon's Oikonomikos The Classical World, 102, 233–248. | DOI 10.1353/clw.0.0090
[29] Grant, J. N. (1969). Dido Melissa. Phoenix, 23, 380–391.
[30] Haarhoff, T. J. (1960). The Bees of Virgil. Greece & Rome, 7, 155–170.
[31] Hardie, P. (2006). Virgil's Ptolemaic Relations The Journal of Roman Studies, 96, 25–41. | DOI 10.1017/9781107279308.011
[32] Hobden, F. (2017). Xenophon's Oeconomicus In M. A. Flower (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Xenophon (pp. 152–173). Cambridge – New York: Cambridge University Press. | DOI 10.1017/9781107279308.011
[33] Holden, H. A. (1895). The Oeconomicus of Xenophon. London – New York: Macmillan and Co.
[34] Hudson-Williams, T. (1935). King Bees and Queen Bees. The Classical Review, 49, 2–4.
[35] Huizenga, A. B. (2013). Moral Education for Women in the Pastoral and Pythagorean Letters: Philosophers of the Household. Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[36] Kraggerud, E. (1968). Aeneisstudien. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
[37] Kronenberg, L. (2009). Allegories of Farming from Greece and Rome: Philosophical Satire in Xenophon, Varro, and Virgil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[38] Leach, E. W. (1977). Sedes apibus: From the Georgics to the Aeneid. Vergilius, 23, 2–16.
[39] Lu, H. (2011). Queen Bee and Housewife: Extension of Social Moral Education into Private Sphere in Xenophon's Oeconomicus. Journal of Cambridge Studies, 6, 145–162.
[40] Marchant, E. C. (Ed.). (1920). Xenophontis Opera Omnia (Tomus V). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[41] Marchant, E. C. (Ed.). (1921). Xenophontis Opera Omnia (Tomus II; 2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. | DOI 10.1163/156852899321331770
[42] Mayhew, R. (1999). King-Bees and Mother-Wasps: A Note on Ideology and Gender in Aristotle's Entomology Phronesis, 44, 127–134. | DOI 10.1163/156852899321331770
[43] Mayor, A. (2014). The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[44] Momigliano, A. (1987). On Pagans, Jews, and Christians. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press.
[45] Moseley, N. (1925). Pius Aeneas. The Classical Journal, 20, 387–400.
[46] Moseley, N. (1926). Characters and Epithets: A Study in Vergil's Aeneid. New York: Yale University Press.
[47] Murnaghan, S. (1988). How a Woman Can Be More Like a Man: The Dialogue between Ischomachus and His Wife in Xenophon's Oeconomicus. Helios, 15, 9–22.
[48] Nelsestuen, G. A. (2017). Oikonomia as a Theory of Empire in the Political Thought of Xenophon and Aristole. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 57, 74–104.
[49] Newman, J., & Newman, F. S. (2005). Troy's Children: Lost Generations in Virgil's Aeneid. Hildesheim – Zürich – New York: Georg Olms Verlag.
[50] Ogilvie, R. M. (Ed.). (1970). A Commentary on Livy, Books 1–5 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[51] Oost, S. I. (1977–1978). Xenophon's Attitude toward Women. The Classical World, 71, 225–236.
[52] Otis, B. (1964). Virgil: A Study in Civilised Poetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[53] Phillips, A., & Willcock, M. M. (1999). Xenophon & Arrian, On Hunting (Kynēgetikos). Warminster: Aris & Phillips.
[54] Pigoń, J. (1991). Dido, Diana, and Penthesilea: Observations on the Queen's First Appearance in the "Aeneid". Eos, 79, 45–53.
[55] Polk, G. C. (1996). Vergil's Penelope: The Diana Simile in Aeneid 1.498–502. Vergilius, 42, 38–49.
[56] Pomeroy, S. B. (1994). Xenophon, Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[57] Pöschl, V. (1977). Die Dichtkunst Virgils: Bild und Symbol in der Äneis (3rd ed.). Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter. | DOI 10.1017/s0009840x00100538
[58] Rocca, S. (1983). Etologia virgiliana Genova: Istituto di filologia classica e medievale. | DOI 10.1017/s0009840x00100538
[59] Tarrant, R. J. (Ed.). (2012). Virgil: Aeneid Book XII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[60] Scanlon, T. F. (2002). Eros and Greek Athletics. New York: Oxford University Press.
[61] Strelan, R. (1996). Paul, Artemis, and the Jews of Ephesus. Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter.
[62] Suerbaum, W. (1999). Vergils Aeneis: Epos zwischen Geschichte und Gegenwart. Stuttgart: Reclam.
[63] Sussman, L. S. (1978). Workers and Drones: Labor, Idleness, and Gender Definition in Hesiod's Beehive. Arethusa, 11, 27–41.
[64] Thornton, M. K. (1985). The Adaptation of Homer's Artemis-Nausicaa Simile in the Aeneid. Latomus, 44, 615–622.
[65] Vallat, D., & Béjuis-Vallat, M. (Eds.). (2023). Servius, Commentaire sur l'Énéide de Virgile (Livre I). Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
[66] West, M. L. (Ed.). (1992). Iambi et Elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum Cantati (2nd ed.). Oxford – New York: Oxford University Press.
[67] Whitfield, B. G. (1956). Virgil and the Bees: A Study in Ancient Apicultural Lore. Greece & Rome, 3, 99–117.
[68] Wilhelm, M. P. (1987). Venus, Diana, Dido and Camilla in the Aeneid Vergilius, 33, 43–48. | DOI 10.1086/366282
[69] Wimmel, W. (1973). 'Hirtenkrieg' und arkadisches Rom: Reduktionsmedien in Vergils Aeneis München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. | DOI 10.1086/366282
[70] Winston, M. L. (1987). The Biology of the Honey Bee. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.