Název: Childhood in the shadows of war in museum exhibitions
Variantní název:
- Dětství ve stínu války v muzejních výstavách
Zdrojový dokument: Museologica Brunensia. 2024, roč. 13, č. 1, s. 2-13
Rozsah
2-13
-
ISSN1805-4722 (print)2464-5362 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/MuB2024-1-1
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.80183
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Přístupová práva
otevřený přístup
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
This article focuses on the presentation of the complexity of war-affected childhood in museum exhibitions and learning environments. The paper addresses contemporary museological practice and its educational dimension in the Bundeswehr Museum of Military History, the Second World War Museum in Gdansk and the War Childhood Museum in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina. The study reveals that museum exhibitions often depict war-affected childhood through a variety of media, including images, artefacts, personal stories, oral history sources, as well as reconstructions and simulations of the past. The analysed museums have developed interactive exhibits and a variety of educational programmes that allow young visitors to critically engage with the past, and practise competencies of democratic culture. The author argues that museum education assets, aimed at stimulating social dialogue about the impact of war on children and society, are crucial, especially in conflict and postconflict societies.
Tento článek se zaměřuje na prezentaci složitých podmínek dětství poznačeného válkou prostřednictvím muzejních výstav a výukových prostředí. Příspěvek se zabývá současnou muzejní praxí a jejím vzdělávacím rozměrem ve Vojenském historickém muzeu Bundeswehru, Muzeu druhé světové války v Gdaňsku a Muzeu válečného dětství v Sarajevu v Bosně a Hercegovině. Výsledky studie ukazují, že muzejní výstavy často zobrazují válkou poznačené dětství prostřednictvím různých médií, zahrnujících obrázky, artefakty, osobní příběhy, prameny orální historie, stejně jako rekonstrukce a simulace minulosti. Muzea, která byla předmětem analýzy, vytvořila interaktivní exponáty a různé vzdělávací programy, které umožňují mladým návštěvníkům kritický pohled na minulost a uplatnění znalostí o demokratické kultuře. Muzejní pedagogika zaměřená na stimulaci sociálního dialogu o dopadu války na děti a společnost má podle autorky klíčový význam, zejména v konfliktních a post-konfliktních společnostech.
Reference
[1] GURFINKIEL, Lukasz, 2023. Interviewed by the author. Gdansk, 07. 03. 2023.
[2] KRVAVAC, Amina, 2022. Interviewed by the author. Sarajevo, 07. 11. 2022.
[3] SCHNEE, Ines, 2023. Interviewed by the author. Dresden, 23. 03. 2023.
[4] ZAMBRZYCKI, Marek, 2023. Interviewed by the author. Gdansk, 08. 03. 2023.
[5] ASSMANN, Aleida. Shadows of trauma: Memory and the politics of postwar identity. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-8232-6728-6.
[6] BAUER, Patricia J. Remembering the times of our lives: Memory in infancy and beyond. London: Psychology Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-317-71686-0.
[7] BERGEVIN, Jennifer. Narratives of transformation: Stories of impact from activist museums. In JANES, Robert and Richard SANDELL (eds.). Museum Activism. Oxford: Routledge, 2019, pp. 348–358. ISBN 978-1-351-25104-4.
[8] BONNELL, Jennifer and Roger SIMON. 'Difficult' exhibitions and intimate encounters. Museum and society, 2007, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 65–85. ISSN 1479-8360. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v5i2.97 | DOI 10.29311/mas.v5i2.97
[9] Exhibitions. In Museum of the Second World War [online]. [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://muzeum1939.pl/en/exhibitions-themuseum-of-the-second-world-war.html>.
[10] JAEGER, Stephan. The Second World War in the Twenty-First-Century Museum: From narrative, memory, and experience to experientiality. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020. ISBN 978-3-11-066441-6. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110664416
[11] JONG, Steffi de. Sentimental Education. Sound and Silence at History Museums. Museum and Society, 2018, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 88–106. ISSN 1479-8360. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v16i1.2537 | DOI 10.29311/mas.v16i1.2537
[12] GASKELL, Ivan. The life of things. In HENNING, Michelle (ed.). The International Handbooks of Museum Studies. Volume 3: Museum Media. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015, pp. 167–190. ISBN 978-1-118-82905-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118829059.wbihms308
[13] HALILOVIĆ, Jasminko. The War Childhood Museum: Creation and Principles. Museum International, 2019, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 124–131. ISSN 1350-0775. https://doi.org/10.1080/13500775.2019.1638067 | DOI 10.1080/13500775.2019.1638067
[14] KAŁĄŻNY, Jerzy, Amelia KORZENIEWSKA and Bartosz KORZENIEWSKI (eds.). Druga wojna światowa w pamięci kulturowej w Polsce i w Niemczech. 70 lat później (1945–2015) [World War II in Cultural Memory in Poland and Germany. 70 years later]. Gdańsk: Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku, 2015. ISBN 978-83-63029-86-9.
[15] MACLEOD, Suzanne. Image and life: Museum architecture, social sustainability and design for creative lives. In BEISIEGEL, Katharina. New Museums: Intentions, Expectations, Challenges. Munich: Hirmer Verlag, 2017, pp. 175–184. ISBN 978-3-7774-2724-9.
[16] Memory exercises: activism, symbolic reparation, and non-repetition in Colombia's National Museum of Memory. In JANES, Robert and Richard SANDELL (eds.). Museum Activism. Oxford: Routledge, 2019, pp. 139–152. ISBN 978-1-351-25104-4.
[17] MOORE, Aaron William. Children we have lost: Diaries, memoirs, and museum displays of childhood and youth in wartime Japan. Cultural and Social History, 2022, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 715–729. ISSN 1478-0038. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2021.1898734 | DOI 10.1080/14780038.2021.1898734
[18] Muzeum II Wojny Światowej: katalog wystawy głównej [World War II Museum: catalog of the main exhibition]. Res Gestae. Historial Journal, 2016, vol. 3, pp. 273–293. ISSN 2450-4475.
[19] Muzeum II Wojny Swiatowej: Raport z działalności Muzeum II Wojny Swiatowej w Gdańsku za rok 2017 [Report on the activities of the museum of World War II in Gdansk for the year 2017]. In Muzeum II Wojny Swiatowej [online]. 2017 [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://muzeum1939.pl/sites/default/files/pdf/5a2e7a46fe341fb0812be527c8719deb8485.pdf.
[20] Object-based childhood history from museums to university: the Latvian project. Paedagogica Historica, 2022, pp. 1–15. ISSN 0030-9230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2022.2145907 | DOI 10.1080/00309230.2022.2145907
[21] Oleksandra Matviichuk: BiH-Ukraine Cooperation is Key. In War Childhood Museum [online]. 24 February 2023 [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://warchildhood.org/2023/02/24/oleksandra-matviichukbih-ukraine-cooperation-is-key/.
[22] PIEKEN, Gorch and Matthias ROGG. The Bundeswehr museum of military history: Exhibition guide. Dresden: Sandstein Kommunikation, 2012. ISBN 978-3-95498-000-0.
[23] PIRKER, Eva Ulrike and Mark RÜDIGER. Authentizitätsfiktionen in populären Geschichtskulturen: Annäherungen [Fictions of authenticity in popular historical cultures: approaches]. In Echte Geschichte. Authentizitätsfiktionen in populären Geschichtskulturen. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2010, pp. 11–30. ISBN 978-3-8376-1516-6. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839415160-001 | DOI 10.14361/9783839415160-001
[24] Regulamin konkursu na opracowanie projektu ekspozycji Muzeum II Wojny Światowej [Regulations of the competition for the design of the exposition of the World War II Museum]. In Docplayer [online]. 2009 [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://docplayer.pl/18292848-Regulamin-konkursu-na-opracowanieprojektu-ekspozycji-muzeum-ii-wojnyswiatowej.html.
[25] ROBERTS, Sharon. Minor concerns: representations of children and childhood in British museums. Museum and Society, 2006, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 152–165. ISSN 1479-8360.
[26] SANDELL, Richard. Museums, Moralities and Human Rights. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017. ISBN 978-1-138-23199-3.
[27] SIMON, Roger I. A shock to thought: Curatorial judgment and the public exhibition of 'difficult knowledge'. Memory Studies, 2011, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 432–449. ISSN 2694-2089. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698011398170 | DOI 10.1177/1750698011398170
[28] THIEMEYER, Thomas. Work, specimen, witness: How different perspectives on museum objects alter the way they are perceived and the values attributed to them. Museum and Society, 2015, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 396–412. ISSN 1479-8360. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i3.338
[29] THIEMEYER, Thomas. Fortsetzung des Krieges mit anderen Mitteln. Die beiden Weltkriege im Museum. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2010. ISBN 978-3-506-76919-0.
[30] WINTER, Jay. Museums and the Representation of War. In MUCHITSCH, Wolfgang (ed.). Does War Belong in Museums?: The Representation of Violence in Exhibitions. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2013, pp. 21–38. ISBN 978-3-8376-2306-2. https://doi.org/10.1515/transcript.9783839423066.21 | DOI 10.14361/transcript.9783839423066.9
[31] WITCOMB, Andrea. Understanding the role of affect in producing a critical pedagogy for history museums. Museum management and curatorship, 2013, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 255–271. ISSN 1872-9185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2013.807998 | DOI 10.1080/09647775.2013.807998
[32] WITCOMB, Andrea. 'A Place for All of Us?' Museums and Communities. In WATSON, Sheila (ed.). Museums and their communities. London: Routledge, 2007, pp. 133–156. ISBN 978-0-415-40259-0.
[2] KRVAVAC, Amina, 2022. Interviewed by the author. Sarajevo, 07. 11. 2022.
[3] SCHNEE, Ines, 2023. Interviewed by the author. Dresden, 23. 03. 2023.
[4] ZAMBRZYCKI, Marek, 2023. Interviewed by the author. Gdansk, 08. 03. 2023.
[5] ASSMANN, Aleida. Shadows of trauma: Memory and the politics of postwar identity. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-8232-6728-6.
[6] BAUER, Patricia J. Remembering the times of our lives: Memory in infancy and beyond. London: Psychology Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-317-71686-0.
[7] BERGEVIN, Jennifer. Narratives of transformation: Stories of impact from activist museums. In JANES, Robert and Richard SANDELL (eds.). Museum Activism. Oxford: Routledge, 2019, pp. 348–358. ISBN 978-1-351-25104-4.
[8] BONNELL, Jennifer and Roger SIMON. 'Difficult' exhibitions and intimate encounters. Museum and society, 2007, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 65–85. ISSN 1479-8360. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v5i2.97 | DOI 10.29311/mas.v5i2.97
[9] Exhibitions. In Museum of the Second World War [online]. [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://muzeum1939.pl/en/exhibitions-themuseum-of-the-second-world-war.html>.
[10] JAEGER, Stephan. The Second World War in the Twenty-First-Century Museum: From narrative, memory, and experience to experientiality. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020. ISBN 978-3-11-066441-6. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110664416
[11] JONG, Steffi de. Sentimental Education. Sound and Silence at History Museums. Museum and Society, 2018, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 88–106. ISSN 1479-8360. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v16i1.2537 | DOI 10.29311/mas.v16i1.2537
[12] GASKELL, Ivan. The life of things. In HENNING, Michelle (ed.). The International Handbooks of Museum Studies. Volume 3: Museum Media. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015, pp. 167–190. ISBN 978-1-118-82905-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118829059.wbihms308
[13] HALILOVIĆ, Jasminko. The War Childhood Museum: Creation and Principles. Museum International, 2019, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 124–131. ISSN 1350-0775. https://doi.org/10.1080/13500775.2019.1638067 | DOI 10.1080/13500775.2019.1638067
[14] KAŁĄŻNY, Jerzy, Amelia KORZENIEWSKA and Bartosz KORZENIEWSKI (eds.). Druga wojna światowa w pamięci kulturowej w Polsce i w Niemczech. 70 lat później (1945–2015) [World War II in Cultural Memory in Poland and Germany. 70 years later]. Gdańsk: Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku, 2015. ISBN 978-83-63029-86-9.
[15] MACLEOD, Suzanne. Image and life: Museum architecture, social sustainability and design for creative lives. In BEISIEGEL, Katharina. New Museums: Intentions, Expectations, Challenges. Munich: Hirmer Verlag, 2017, pp. 175–184. ISBN 978-3-7774-2724-9.
[16] Memory exercises: activism, symbolic reparation, and non-repetition in Colombia's National Museum of Memory. In JANES, Robert and Richard SANDELL (eds.). Museum Activism. Oxford: Routledge, 2019, pp. 139–152. ISBN 978-1-351-25104-4.
[17] MOORE, Aaron William. Children we have lost: Diaries, memoirs, and museum displays of childhood and youth in wartime Japan. Cultural and Social History, 2022, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 715–729. ISSN 1478-0038. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2021.1898734 | DOI 10.1080/14780038.2021.1898734
[18] Muzeum II Wojny Światowej: katalog wystawy głównej [World War II Museum: catalog of the main exhibition]. Res Gestae. Historial Journal, 2016, vol. 3, pp. 273–293. ISSN 2450-4475.
[19] Muzeum II Wojny Swiatowej: Raport z działalności Muzeum II Wojny Swiatowej w Gdańsku za rok 2017 [Report on the activities of the museum of World War II in Gdansk for the year 2017]. In Muzeum II Wojny Swiatowej [online]. 2017 [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://muzeum1939.pl/sites/default/files/pdf/5a2e7a46fe341fb0812be527c8719deb8485.pdf.
[20] Object-based childhood history from museums to university: the Latvian project. Paedagogica Historica, 2022, pp. 1–15. ISSN 0030-9230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2022.2145907 | DOI 10.1080/00309230.2022.2145907
[21] Oleksandra Matviichuk: BiH-Ukraine Cooperation is Key. In War Childhood Museum [online]. 24 February 2023 [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://warchildhood.org/2023/02/24/oleksandra-matviichukbih-ukraine-cooperation-is-key/.
[22] PIEKEN, Gorch and Matthias ROGG. The Bundeswehr museum of military history: Exhibition guide. Dresden: Sandstein Kommunikation, 2012. ISBN 978-3-95498-000-0.
[23] PIRKER, Eva Ulrike and Mark RÜDIGER. Authentizitätsfiktionen in populären Geschichtskulturen: Annäherungen [Fictions of authenticity in popular historical cultures: approaches]. In Echte Geschichte. Authentizitätsfiktionen in populären Geschichtskulturen. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2010, pp. 11–30. ISBN 978-3-8376-1516-6. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839415160-001 | DOI 10.14361/9783839415160-001
[24] Regulamin konkursu na opracowanie projektu ekspozycji Muzeum II Wojny Światowej [Regulations of the competition for the design of the exposition of the World War II Museum]. In Docplayer [online]. 2009 [accessed 2023-10-24]. Available from www: https://docplayer.pl/18292848-Regulamin-konkursu-na-opracowanieprojektu-ekspozycji-muzeum-ii-wojnyswiatowej.html.
[25] ROBERTS, Sharon. Minor concerns: representations of children and childhood in British museums. Museum and Society, 2006, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 152–165. ISSN 1479-8360.
[26] SANDELL, Richard. Museums, Moralities and Human Rights. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017. ISBN 978-1-138-23199-3.
[27] SIMON, Roger I. A shock to thought: Curatorial judgment and the public exhibition of 'difficult knowledge'. Memory Studies, 2011, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 432–449. ISSN 2694-2089. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698011398170 | DOI 10.1177/1750698011398170
[28] THIEMEYER, Thomas. Work, specimen, witness: How different perspectives on museum objects alter the way they are perceived and the values attributed to them. Museum and Society, 2015, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 396–412. ISSN 1479-8360. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i3.338
[29] THIEMEYER, Thomas. Fortsetzung des Krieges mit anderen Mitteln. Die beiden Weltkriege im Museum. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2010. ISBN 978-3-506-76919-0.
[30] WINTER, Jay. Museums and the Representation of War. In MUCHITSCH, Wolfgang (ed.). Does War Belong in Museums?: The Representation of Violence in Exhibitions. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2013, pp. 21–38. ISBN 978-3-8376-2306-2. https://doi.org/10.1515/transcript.9783839423066.21 | DOI 10.14361/transcript.9783839423066.9
[31] WITCOMB, Andrea. Understanding the role of affect in producing a critical pedagogy for history museums. Museum management and curatorship, 2013, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 255–271. ISSN 1872-9185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2013.807998 | DOI 10.1080/09647775.2013.807998
[32] WITCOMB, Andrea. 'A Place for All of Us?' Museums and Communities. In WATSON, Sheila (ed.). Museums and their communities. London: Routledge, 2007, pp. 133–156. ISBN 978-0-415-40259-0.