Název: Výzva, nebo nemožná mise? Tranzice k online výuce v době pandemie covid-19 očima vysokoškolských učitelů
Variantní název:
- Challenge or mission impossible? The transition to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic through the eyes of university teachers
Zdrojový dokument: Studia paedagogica. 2021, roč. 26, č. 3, s. [51]-81
Rozsah
[51]-81
-
ISSN1803-7437 (print)2336-4521 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2021-3-3
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/144327
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
V této studii se zabýváme problémem tranzice od prezenční k distanční výuce ve vysokoškolském prostředí v době pandemie Covid-19. Vycházíme z analýz y 34 hloubkových polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s učiteli Filozofické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity, v nichž tito učitelé reflektovali svůj přístup k distanční online výuce v době pandemie Covid-19. Ukazujeme, že z působ, jakým učitelé k výuce přistoupili, silně souvisí s jejich pojetím výuky a tím, jak konstruují koncept dobré vysokoškolské výuky. Na základě analýz y rozhovorů rozlišujeme dva polární typy učitelů. Prvním typem jsou funkcionalisté, kteří se koncentrují na předání znalostí a dovedností studentům. V době pandemie s využitím uvážlivé pedagogické analýz y usilují o to, co nejlépe substituovat jednotlivé složky prezenční výuky pomocí digitálních nástrojů a aplikací. Domnívají se, že kvalitní online výuka je náročná, avšak proveditelná a potenciálně přinášející novou kvalitu do vysokoškolského vzdělávání. Druhým identifikovaným typem jsou autentisté, kteří výuku chápou jako vytváření znalostí a dovedností v procesu autentické komunikace mezi učitelem a studenty. Tito učitelé se domnívají, že pomocí online nástrojů není možné prezenční výuku adekvátně substituovat a tranzici k distanční výuce vnímají jako zásadní ohrožení kvality a obecně ohrožení poslání vysokoškolského vzdělávání.
In this study, we address the research problem of transitioning from face-to-face to distance teaching in a university setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. We based our study on an analysis of 34 in-depth semistructured interviews with teachers of the Faculty of Arts at Masaryk University, in which these teachers reflected on their approaches to online distance teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that the way the teachers approached the teaching was strongly linked with their conception of teaching and the way they construct the concept of good higher education. According to the analysis of the interviews, we distinguish two polar types of teachers. The first type are functionalists, who focus on passing on knowledge and skills to students. During the pandemic, using judicious pedagogical analysis, they strove to best replace the various components of face-to-face teaching with digital tools and applications. They believe that quality online teaching is challenging, but feasible and potentially bringing new features to higher education. The second type identified were authenticators, who understand teaching as a creation of knowledge and skills in the process of authentic communication between teacher and students. These teachers believe that online tools do not make it possible to adequately replace face-to face classes and perceive the transition to distance learning as a major threat to quality and to the mission of higher education in general.
Reference
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[2] Bain, K. (2004). What the best college teachers do. Harvard University Press.
[3] Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3778083 | DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3778083
[4] Cameron-Standerford, A., Menard K., Edge C., Bergh B., Shayter A., Smith K., & VandenAvond L. (2020). The phenomenon of moving to online/distance delivery as a result of COVID-19: Exploring initial perceptions of Higher Education Faculty at a Rural Midwestern University. Frontiers in Education, 5, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.583881 | DOI 10.3389/feduc.2020.583881
[5] Cutri, R. M., Mena, J., & Whiting, E. F. (2020). Faculty readiness for online crisis teaching: Transitioning to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 523–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1815702 | DOI 10.1080/02619768.2020.1815702
[6] Devlin, M., & Samarawickrema, G. (2010). The criteria of effective teaching in a changing higher education context. Higher Education Research & Development, 29(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903244398 | DOI 10.1080/07294360903244398
[7] Downing, J., & Dyment, J. E. (2013). Teacher educators' readiness, preparation, and perceptions of preparing preservice teachers in a fully online environment: An exploratory study. Teacher Educator, 48(2), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2012.760023 | DOI 10.1080/08878730.2012.760023
[8] Duschinská, K., & High, R. (2020). Reflexe nouzové výuky: distanční přednášky předmětu základy didaktiky. Pedagogická orientace, 30(2), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.5817/PedOr2020-2-266 | DOI 10.5817/PedOr2020-2-266
[9] Englund, C., Olofsson A. D., & Price, L. (2017). Teaching with technology in higher education: Understanding conceptual change and development in practice. Higher Education Research & Development, 36(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1171300 | DOI 10.1080/07294360.2016.1171300
[10] Ertmer, P. A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504683 | DOI 10.1007/BF02504683
[11] Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., & Tondeur, J. (2015). Teacher beliefs and uses of technology to support 21st century teaching and learning. In H. R. Fives & M. Gill (Eds.), International handbook of research on teacher beliefs (pp. 403–418). Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
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[13] Galbraith, C. S., & Merril, G. B. (2012). Faculty research productivity and standardized student learning outcomes in a university teaching environment: A Bayesian analysis of relationships. Studies in Higher Education, 37(4), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2010.523782 | DOI 10.1080/03075079.2010.523782
[14] Hativa, N., Barak, R., & Simhi, E. (2001). Exemplary university teachers: Knowledge and beliefs regarding effective teaching dimensions and strategies. The Journal of Higher Education, 72(6), 699–729. https://doi.org/10.2307/2672900 | DOI 10.2307/2672900
[15] Heinonen, K., Jääskelä, P., Häkkinen, P., Isomäki, H., & Hämäläinen, R. (2019). University teachers as developers of technology-enhanced teaching—Do beliefs matter? Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 51(2), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2018.1564894 | DOI 10.1080/15391523.2018.1564894
[16] Jääskelä, P., Häkkinen, P., & Rasku-Puttonen, H. (2017). Teacher beliefs regarding learning, pedagogy, and the use of technology in higher education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 49(3–4), 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2017.1343691 | DOI 10.1080/15391523.2017.1343691
[17] Kember, D., & Kwan, K. (2000). Lecturers' approaches to teaching and their relationship to conceptions of good teaching. Instructional Science, 28(5), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026569608656 | DOI 10.1023/A:1026569608656
[18] Koubek, P. (2018). Portrét myšlení a jednání učitelek občanské výchovy: Vícečetná případová studie subjektivních teorií učitelek o didaktické transformaci. Pedagogika, 68(2), 130–154. https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2017.1014 | DOI 10.14712/23362189.2017.1014
[19] Krátká, J., & Zemanová, L. (2020). Distanční výuka na druhou. Pedagogická orientace, 30(2), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.5817/PedOr2020-2-249 | DOI 10.5817/PedOr2020-2-249
[20] Liu, Q., Geertshuis, S., & Grainger, R. (2020). Understanding academics' adoption of learning technologies: A systematic review. Computers and Education, 151, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103857 | DOI 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103857
[21] Lowman, J. (1995). Mastering the techniques of teaching. Jossey-Bass.
[22] Mägi, E., & Beerkens, M. (2015). Linking research and teaching: Are research-active staff members different teachers? Higher Education, 72(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9951-1 | DOI 10.1007/s10734-015-9951-1
[23] Marek, K. (2009). Learning to teach online: Creating a culture of support for faculty. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 50(4), 275–292. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40732589?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
[24] Marek, M. W., Chew, C. S., & Wu, W.-C. V. (2021). Teacher experiences in converting classes to distance learning in the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 19(1), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDET.20210101.oa3 | DOI 10.4018/IJDET.20210101.oa3
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[27] Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A new framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x | DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
[28] Naylor, D., & Nyanjom, J. (2020). Educators' emotions involved in the transition to online teaching in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1811645 | DOI 10.1080/07294360.2020.1811645
[29] Podolská, V. (2021). Studium v době koronavirové krize očima vysokoškolských studentů. [Bakalářská diplomová práce, ÚPV FF MU]. Archiv závěrečných prací MUNI. https://is.muni.cz/auth/th/qw1xn/
[30] Porter, W. W., & Graham, C. R. (2016). Institutional drivers and barriers to faculty adoption of blended learning in higher education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(4), 748–762. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12269 | DOI 10.1111/bjet.12269
[31] Ramlo, S. (2021). The coronavirus and higher education: Faculty viewpoints about universities moving online during a worldwide pandemic. Innovative Higher Education, 46, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-020-09532-8 | DOI 10.1007/s10755-020-09532-8
[32] Scherer, R., Howard, S. K., Tondeur, J., & Siddiq, F. (2021). Profiling teachers' readiness for online teaching and learning in higher education: Who's ready? Computers in Human Behavior, 118, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106675 | DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106675
[33] Schneckenberg. D. (2009). Understanding the real barriers to technology-enhanced innovation in higher education. Educational Research, 51(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880903354741 | DOI 10.1080/00131880903354741
[34] Strauss, A., & Corbinová, J. (1999). Základy kvalitativního výzkumu: postupy a techniky metody zakotvené teorie. Albert.
[35] Šeďová, K., Švaříček, R., Sedláčková, J., Čejková, I., Šmardová, A., Novotný, P., & Zounek, J. (2016). Pojetí výuky a profesní identita začínajících vysokoškolských učitelů. Studia paedagogica, 21(1), 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/SP2016-1-2 | DOI 10.5817/SP2016-1-2
[36] Švaříček, R., & Šeďová, K. (2007). Kvalitativní výzkum v pedagogických vědách. Portál.
[37] Trigwell, K. (2005). Teaching-research relations, cross-disciplinary collegiality and student learning. Higher Education, 49(3), 235–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-004-6665-1 | DOI 10.1007/s10734-004-6665-1
[38] Trigwell, K., & Prosser, M. (1996). Changing approaches to teaching: A relational perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 21(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079612331381211 | DOI 10.1080/03075079612331381211
[39] Weber, M. (2009). Metodologie, sociologie a politika. Oikoymenh.