Title: Martianus Capella's questionable relation to the Vandals
Source document: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2010, vol. 15, iss. 1, pp. [3]-16
Extent
[3]-16
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/114950
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
The work de nuptiis Philologiae et mercurii by Martianus Capella has raised a number or controversial questions in the scientific discourse. The author, the evaluation of whom ranges from a denunciation of his strangeness – reflected in the thoughtlessness and disproportionate diversity of his work and corresponding to the decline of the Roman empire – to the recognition of his irreplaceable role in transmitting the ancient heritage to the Middle Ages, gave his primarily educational work the frame of a narrative about the marriage of the learned earthwoman Philology and the Roman god Mercury. In this narrative, the author combined an allegory with the witty Menippean Satire, whereby he eased the seriousness of his textbook, following the principle docere et delectare, but also made his text difficult to interpret. One way to interpreting the large-scale "fable" is examining the situation, in which it was composed, and searching for its actual addressee. In the presented paper, following the approach mentioned above, we examine the challenging assumption that Martianus was not only a mediator of the model of septem artes liberales acknowledged by the Middle Ages scholars, but perhaps also a mediator between the Roman and Vandal worlds. Our considerations are based on the assumption that Martianus' work was written later than it is traditionally acknowledged: in Carthago reigned already by Vandals (i.e. after the interval 410–439 AD). We consider whether the shift in dating can give us the reason to believe that Martianus wrote his work intentionally for Vandals, or at least for the Afro-Roman and Vandal students in the common schools of the Vandal state. Validation of this assumption might enable us to explain some exceptional or incomprehensible features of the plot (such as the contrast between the relative simplicity of the encyclopedic texts and the elaborate introductory passages in them, or the impressive defile of gods confronted with human weaknesses, which "consume" them gradually in course of the narrative). Our analysis also focuses on additional indirect sources of comparison: Fulgentius, and Dracontius.
Dílo Martiana Capelly De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii vyvolává v odborné literatuře mnoho nejasností a otázek. Jednou z cest vedoucích k interpretaci pestrého obsahu díla, a tedy i k pochopení Martianova autorského záměru je zkoumání okolností vzniku i hledání skutečného adresáta díla. V příspěvku autorky prověřují hypotézu, že Martianus nebyl za zprostředkovatele modelu sedmi svobodných umění označen pouze středověkými učenci, ale dost možná byl prostředníkem skutečným, a to mezi světem Římanů a Vandalů, a že dílo vzniklo později, než se tradičně předpokládá (tj. až po 410–439 po Kr.), v Kartágu ovládaném již Vandaly. Autorky posuzují, zda s posunem datace nesouvisí možnost, že by dílo mohlo být určeno pro Vandaly, nebo přinejmenším pro žáky škol na území vandalského státu, navštěvované Afrořímany i Vandaly, což by vysvětlilo mnohé zvláštní či nepochopitelné rysy díla (jako např. kontrast základních encyklopedických poznatků s důmyslnými vstupními pasážemi plnými učených mytologických narážek, impozantní defilé božského aparátu konfrontované s lidskými slabostmi, které bohy v průběhu děje stále více pohlcují). Současně se analýza soustředí na doplňková a nepřímá srovnání, zejména na způsob argumentace vůči Vandalům v zachovaných spisech Fulgentia z Ruspe a na podobu alegorií a metafor u Dracontia, básníka působícího na vandalském území.
References
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[2] Grebe, Sabine. 1999. Martianus Capella 'De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii'. Darstellung der Sieben Freien Künste und ihrer Beziehungen zueinander. Stuttgart – Lepzig: B. G. Teubner.
[3] Günther, Rigobert – Korsunskij, Aleksandr R. 1986. Germanen erobern Rom: der Untergang des Weströmischen Reiches und die Entstehung germanischer Königreiche bis zur Mitte des 6. Jahrhunderts. Berlin: Akad.-Verl.
[4] Le Bœuffle, André. 1998. Un précurseur de Copernic et Galilée Martianus Capella: Astronomie. Vannes: Burillier.
[5] LeMoine, Fanny. 1972. Martianus Capella. A Literary Re-evaluation. München: Arbeo-Gesellschaft.
[6] Lenaz, Luciano. 1975. Martiani Capellae De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii liber secundus: introduzione, traduzione e commento. Padova: Liviana Editrice.
[7] Lewis, Clive S. 1938. The Allegory of Love. A Study in Medieval Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1st edition 1936).
[8] Pabst, Bernhard. 1994. Prosimetrum. Tradition und Wandel einer Literaturform zwischen Spätantike und Spätmittelalter. Teil 1. Köln – Weimar – Wien: Böhlau Verlag.
[9] Ramelli, Ilaria. 2001. Le nozze di Filologia e Mercurio: Testo latino a fronte. Introduzione, traduzione, commento e appendici. Milano: Bompiani.
[10] Relihan, Joel C. 1987. "Martianus Capella, the good teacher." Pacific Coast Philology, 22, 59‒70. | DOI 10.2307/1316659
[11] Schievenin, Romeo. 2005‒2006. "Il prologo di Marziano Capella." Incontri triestini di filologia classica, 5, 133‒153.
[12] Schmidt, Ludwig. 1942. Geschichte der Wandalen. München: Beck.
[13] Shanzer, Danuta. 1986. A Philosophical and Literary Commentary on Martianus Capella's De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii. Book 1. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press, 43.
[14] Stahl, William Harris – Johnson, Richard – Burge, E. L. 1971. Martianus Capella and the Seven Liberal Arts. New York: Columbia University Press.
[15] Turcan, Robert. 1958. "Martianus Capella et Jamblique." REL, 36, 235–254.
[16] Willis, James [ed.]. 1983. Martianus Capella. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.