Title: Hranice nespolehlivého vyprávění
Variant title:
- The borders of unreliable narration
Source document: Bohemica litteraria. 2012, vol. 15, iss. 1, pp. 101-119
Extent
101-119
-
ISSN1213-2144 (print)2336-4394 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/117979
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Rights access
embargoed access
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
This study examines unreliable narration from the point of view of narratology. A discussion of different theoretical approaches to this phenomenon is followed by a definition of unreliable narration: a narrator is unreliable if his/her view of the fictional world differs from what the reader reconstructs as the fictional reality of the work. This definition is elucidated and specified using possible-worlds-theory in literature; this theory is also used to point out that extra-textual real-world criteria are not relevant to some kinds of fictional worlds and the narrators existing in these worlds. This argument for the "principle of optimal departure" is supported by the example of an atypical homodiegetic narrator in Kazuo Ishiguro's When We Were Orphans. A short analysis of this novel is provided to demonstrate the existence of homodiegetic narrators that defy the role traditionally assigned to these types of narrators by literary conventions, which also means that they cannot be categorized as unreliable.
References
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[38] RIMMON-KENANOVÁ, Shlomith, 2001. Poetika vyprávění, přel. Vanda Pickettová (Brno: Host)
[39] RYAN, Marie-Laure, 1981. "The Pragmatics of Personal and Impersonal Fiction", Poetics 10, s. 517–539 | DOI 10.1016/0304-422X(81)90002-4
[40] RYAN, Marie-Laure, 1991. Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence, and Narrative Theory (Bloomington: Indiana UP)
[41] RYANOVÁ, Marie-Laure, 1997. "Možné světy v soudobé teorii literatury", přel. Miroslav Červenka, Česká literatura 45, č. 6, s. 570–599
[42] RYANOVÁ, Marie-Laure, 2005. "Fikce, nefaktuály a princip minimální odchylky", přel. Jitka Cardová, Aluze 8, č. 3, s. 105–118
[43] RONENONÁ, Ruth, 2006. Možné světy v teorii literatury, přel. Miroslav Červenka (Brno: Host)
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[49] ZERWECK, Bruno, 2009. "Nespolehlivé vyprávění v dějinném kontextu", přel. Martin Lukáš, Aluze 13, č. 3, s. 40–59
[2] ALLRATH, Gaby, 2005. (En)Gendering Unreliable Narration: A Feminist-Narratological Theory and Analysis of Unreliability in Contemporary Women's Novels (Trier: WVT)
[3] BIRKE, Dorothee, 2008. Memory's Fragile Power: Crises of Memory, Identity and Narrative in Contemporary British Novels (Trier: WVT)
[4] BLÄSS, Ronny, 2005. "Der Tabubruch in der Literatur: Die Funktionalisierung von literarischer Unzuverlässigkeit zur Inszenierung moralischer Grenzüberschreitung am Beispiel von Vladimir V. Nabokovs Lolita", in Marion Gymnich a Ansgar Nünning (ed.): Funktionen von Literatur: Theoretische Grundlagen und Modellinterpretationen, ed. (Trier: WVT), s. 215–227
[5] BOOTH, Wayne C., 1961. The Rhetoric of Fiction (Chicago: U of Chicago P)
[6] BOOTH, Wayne C., 1974. A Rhetoric of Irony (London: The U of Chicago P)
[7] BOOTH, Wayne C., 2007. "Typy vyprávění", přel. Martina Knápková, Aluze 10, č. 2, s. 42–51
[8] CULLER, Jonathan, 1975. Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature (London: Routledge)
[9] D'HOKER, Elke, 2008. "Unreliability between Mimesis and Metaphor: The Works of Kazuo Ishiguro", in Elke D'hoker a Gunther Martens (ed.): Narrative Unreliability in the Twentieth-Century First-Person Novel (Berlin: de Gruyter), s. 147–170
[10] DIENGOTT, Nilli, 1993. "The Implied Author Once Again", Journal of Literary Semantics 22, č. 1, s. 68–75
[11] DOLEŽEL, Lubomír, 1980. "Truth and Authenticity in Narrative", Poetics Today 1, č. 3, s. 7–25 | DOI 10.2307/1772407
[12] DOLEŽEL, Lubomír, 2003. Heterocosmica: fikce a možné světy (Praha: Karolinum)
[13] ECO, Umberto, 1997. "Malé světy", přel. Petr Kaiser, Česká literatura 45, č. 6, s. 625–643
[14] FLUDERNIK, Monika, 1996. Towards a "Natural" Narratology (London: Routledge)
[15] FLUDERNIK, Monika, 1999. "Defining (In)Sanity: The Narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper and the Question of Unreliability", in Walter Grünzweig a Andreas Solbach (eds.): Grenzüberschreitungen: Narratologie im Kontext/Transcending Boundaries: Narratology in Context (Tübingen: Narr), s. 75–95
[16] FOŘT, Bohumil, 2005. Úvod do sémantiky fikčních světů (Brno: Host)
[17] HAMBURGER, Käte, 1977. Die Logik der Dichtung (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta)
[18] CHATMAN, Seymour, 2000. Dohodnuté termíny: rétorika narativu ve fikci a filmu, přel. Brigita Ptáčková a Luboš Ptáček (Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého)
[19] ISHIGURO, Kazuo, 2006. Když jsme byli sirotci, přel. Renata Kamenická (Brno: Barrister & Principal)
[20] JEDLIČKOVÁ, Alice, 2008. "An Unreliable Narrator in an Unreliable World. Negotiating between Rhetorical Narratology, Cognitive Studies and Possible Worlds Theory", in Elke D'hoker a Gunther Martens (eds.): Narrative Unreliability in the Twentieth-Century First-Person Novel (Berlin: de Gruyter), s. 281–302
[21] KILLHAM, John, 1966. "The 'Second Self' in Novel Criticism", British Journal of Aesthetics 6, s. 272–290 | DOI 10.1093/bjaesthetics/6.3.272
[22] KINDT, Tom, a Hans-Harald MÜLLER, 2006. The Implied Author. Concept and Controversy, přel. Alastair Matthews (Berlin: de Gruyter)
[23] KUBÍČEK, Tomáš, 2007a. Vypravěč. Kategorie narativní analýzy (Brno: Host)
[24] KUBÍČEK, Tomáš, 2007b. "Danajské dary pana Bootha", Aluze 10, č. 2, s. 38–41
[25] LEWIS, David, 2001. Counterfactuals (Malden: Blackwell)
[26] LEWIS, David, 2007. "Pravda ve fikci", přel. Petr Stojan, Aluze 10, č. 2, s. 52–62
[27] McHALE, Brian, 1987. Postmodernist Fiction (New York: Methuen)
[28] NIELSEN, Henrik Skov, 2004. "The Impersonal Voice in First-Person Narrative Fiction", Narrative 12, č. 2, s. 133–150 | DOI 10.1353/nar.2004.0002
[29] NÜNNING, Ansgar, 1997. "Deconstructing and Reconceptualizing the 'Implied Author': The Resurrection of an Anthropomorphized Passepartout or the Obituary of a Critical Phantom?", Anglistik. Organ des Verbandes Deutscher Anglisten 8, s. 95–116
[30] NÜNNING, Ansgar, 1998. "Unreliable Narration zur Einführung: Grundzüge einer kognitiv-narratologischen Theorie und Analyse unglaubwürdigen Erzählens", in Ansgar Nünning (ed.): Unreliable Narration: Studien zur Theorie und Praxis unglaubwürdigen Erzählens in der englischsprachigen Erzählliteratur (Trier: WVT), s. 3–39
[31] NÜNNING, Ansgar, 1999. "Unreliable, Compared to What: Toward a Cognitive Theory of Unreliable Narration: Prolegomena and Hypotheses", in Walter Grünzweig a Andreas Solbach (eds.): Grenzüberschreitungen: Narratologie im Kontext/Transcending Boundaries: Narratology in Context (Tübingen: Narr), s. 53–73
[32] NÜNNING, Ansgar, 2005. "Reconceptualizing Unreliable Narration: Synthesizing Cognitive and Rhetorical Approaches", in Peter Rabinowitz a James Phelan (eds.): A Companion to Narrative Theory (Oxford: Blackwell), s. 89–107
[33] OLSON, Greta, 2003. "Reconsidering Unreliability: Fallible and Untrustworthy Narrators", Narrative 11, č. 1, s. 93–109 | DOI 10.1353/nar.2003.0001
[34] PAVEL, Thomas G., 1986. Fictional Worlds (London: Harvard UP)
[35] PHELAN, James, 2005. Living to Tell about It. A Rhetoric and Ethics of Character Narration (London: Cornell UP)
[36] PHELAN, James, 2007. "Rhetoric/ethics", in David Herman (ed.): A Cambridge Companion to Narrative (Cambridge: Cambridge UP), s. 203–216
[37] RABINOWITZ, Peter, 1977. "Truth in Fiction: A Reexamination of Audiences", Critical Inquiry 4, č.1, s. 121–41
[38] RIMMON-KENANOVÁ, Shlomith, 2001. Poetika vyprávění, přel. Vanda Pickettová (Brno: Host)
[39] RYAN, Marie-Laure, 1981. "The Pragmatics of Personal and Impersonal Fiction", Poetics 10, s. 517–539 | DOI 10.1016/0304-422X(81)90002-4
[40] RYAN, Marie-Laure, 1991. Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence, and Narrative Theory (Bloomington: Indiana UP)
[41] RYANOVÁ, Marie-Laure, 1997. "Možné světy v soudobé teorii literatury", přel. Miroslav Červenka, Česká literatura 45, č. 6, s. 570–599
[42] RYANOVÁ, Marie-Laure, 2005. "Fikce, nefaktuály a princip minimální odchylky", přel. Jitka Cardová, Aluze 8, č. 3, s. 105–118
[43] RONENONÁ, Ruth, 2006. Možné světy v teorii literatury, přel. Miroslav Červenka (Brno: Host)
[44] SHEN, Dan a Dejin XU, 2007. "Intratextuality, Extratextuality, Intertextuality: Unreliability in Autobiography versus Fiction", Poetics Today 28, č. 1, s. 43–87 | DOI 10.1215/03335372-2006-015
[45] SURKAMP, Carola, 2002. "Narratologie und Possible-Worlds Theory: Narrative Texte als alternative Welten", in Ansgar Nünning (ed.): Neue Ansätze in der Erzähltheorie (Trier: WVT), s. 153–183
[46] YACOBI, Tamar, 1981. "Fictional Reliability as a Communicative Problem", Poetics Today 2, č. 2, s. 113–126 | DOI 10.2307/1772193
[47] YACOBI, Tamar, 1987. "Narrative and Normative Patterns. On Interpreting Fiction", Journal of Literary Studies 3, č.2, s. 18–41
[48] YACOBI, Tamar, 2005. "Authorial Rhetoric, Narratorial (Un)Reliability, Divergent Readings: Tolstoy's Kreutzer Sonata" in Peter Rabinowitz a James Phelan (eds.): A Companion to Narrative Theory (Oxford: Blackwell), s. 108–123
[49] ZERWECK, Bruno, 2009. "Nespolehlivé vyprávění v dějinném kontextu", přel. Martin Lukáš, Aluze 13, č. 3, s. 40–59