K problematice tradiční agrární kultury a jejího výzkumu ve středoevropském areálu

The author tries to paint the picture of general civilizational as well as specific regional features of agrarian culture in the Czech lands in Central European context. In addition to the initial study of the given questions within the borders of national entities, in the second half of the 20th century, projects were carried out that included the research of wider cultural areas, such as the Carpathian arch or the Danubian (Pannonian) Basin. Some of the analyzed phenomena and facts signal ties to general European civilization trends, certain phenomena can be deduced from the cultural potential of Slavic and non-Slavic ethnic groups. Regional specifics were formed by particular natural conditions, colonization waves, interventions of state administration, or the onset of industrialization, which brought about the decline of traditional agrarian cultures and the modernization of social and cultural lives, including their material base. The non-uniformity of the evolution among different countries and within their borders consequently led to considerable differences in the lifespan of agrarian phenomena; it was possible to document these in field research and subsequently analyze them in the last century. The research of material components of agrarian culture can be furthered by means of historical methods; the ethnological research focuses on current social and cultural phenomena.