Title: Bestie a zrádci: francouzská královská propaganda o templářích, fámy a jejich vztahy, 1307–1312
Variant title:
- Beasts and traitors: French royal propaganda on Templars, rumors and their relations, 1307–1312
Source document: Sacra. 2015, vol. 13, iss. 1, pp. 24-37
Extent
24-37
-
ISSN1214-5351 (print)2336-4483 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/136302
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
This study focuses on the interaction between the propaganda of Phillip the Fair's office against the Templar order and the non-intentional myth on the depraved Templars, which began to take its shape during the trial of the Templars. It argues that the original propaganda of Phillip the Fair from the year 1307 depicted the Templars as ignorant apostates, who lost not only their faith buth also their humanity. The study further argues that during the Trial emerged certain forms of the myth on the Templars' depravity, which portrayed the Templars as subtle conspirators and traitors of Christianity making pacts with the Saracens. Through the study of this change I attempt to point on some interactions between the intentional propaganda and non-intentional stories employing the same popular topoi as the propaganda.
Studie se soustředí na interakce mezi propagandou kanceláře Filipa Sličného proti templářskému řádu a neúčelovým mýtem o zvrácených templářích, který se začal formovat během procesů s templáři. Studie argumentuje, že původní propaganda Filipa Sličného z roku 1307 líčila templáře jako zaslepené apostaty, kteří ztratili nejen pravou víru, ale také svou lidskost. Studie dále tvrdí, že během procesů s templáři se objevily podoby mýtu o templářských zvrácenostech, které vykreslovaly templáře jako podlé spiklence a zrádce křesťanstva, kteří se spolčili se saracény. Skrze studii této změny se pokouším ukázat na některé interakce mezi účelovou propagandou a neúčelovými příběhy, které využívají stejná topoi jako propaganda.
References
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[32] Krüger, A. (1999). Das 'Baphomet-Idol'. Ein Beitrag zur Provenienz der Hauptvorwürfe gegen den Templerorden. Historisches Jahrbuch, 119, 121–133.
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[34] Menache, S. (1996). Tartars, Jews, Saracesns and Jewish-Mongol 'Plot' of 1241. History, 81, 319–342. | DOI 10.1111/1468-229X.00014
[35] Partner, P. (1987). Murdered Magicians: The Templars and Their Myth. Oxfrod: Oxford University Press.
[36] Reeves, M. (1969). The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press.
[37] Renouard, Y. (1970). The Avignon Papacy, 1305–1403. Přel. Denis Bethell. Hamden – Connecticut: Archon Books.
[38] Resnick, M. I. (2008). Odo of Tournai and the Dehumanization of Medieval Jews: The Reexamination. Jewish Quarterly Review, 98, 471–484. | DOI 10.1353/jqr.0.0026
[39] Schmieder, F (1998). Nota sectam maometicam atterendam a tartaris et christianis. The Mongols as non-believing apocalyptic friends around the year 1260. Journal of Millenial Studies 1(1), 1–11.
[40] Théry, J. (2013). A Heresy of State: Phillip the Fair, The Trial of the 'Perfidious Templars' and The Pontificalization of the French Monarchy. Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures 2(39), 117–148.
[41] Tolan, J. V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. New York: Columbia University Press.
[42] Valtrová, J. (2011). Středověká setkání s "jinými": Modloslužebníci, židé, saracéni a heretici v misionářských zprávách o Asii. Praha: Argo.
[43] Vybíralová, S. Útok slovem: Zrada jako lexikální instrument v několika francouzských a českých narativních pramenech 15. století. Dostupné přes https://www.academia.edu.
[2] Bernardus Claraevallensis, Liber ad milites Templi de laude novae militiae. In J. Leclercq & H. M. Rochais (Eds.) (1957–1977), S. Bernardi Opera vol. 3 (pp. 206−239). Řím: Editiones Cistercienses.
[3] Bouquet, Martin (ed.), Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France X. Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis. Ed. G. Fejér (1850). Budín: Regia Universitas Hungariae.
[4] Guibert de Nogent, De vita sua. In J.-P. Migne (Ed.) (1854). Patrologiae cursus completus, series latina CLVI (pp. 837–1018). Paříž: Garnier Freres.
[5] Histoire civile, ecclésiastique et littéraire de la ville de Nismes, avec des notes et les preuves, suivie de dissertations historiques et critiques sur ses antiquités et de diverses observations sur son histoire naturelle I. Ed. L. Ménard (1774–1758). Paříž.
[6] Historie de France, par les écrivains contemporains comprenant les annales de le monarchie francaise, depuis "Les grandes chroniques de Sait Denis" jusqu'aux mémoires de la révolutin, publiée, avec notec et commentaires. Eds. P. Paris & E. Mennechet (1836−38). Paříž: Tenecher.
[7] L'interrogatorio dei Templari imprigionati a Carcassone. In A. Nicolotti (Ed.) (2011), Studi Medievali, 3 (pp. 697−729, 703−712).
[8] Le Dossier de L'affaire des Templiers. Ed. Trans. G. Lizerand (2007). Paříž: Les Belles Lettres.
[9] Mattheus Parisiensis, Chronica Majora IV. Ed. H. R. Luard (1877). Londýn: Longman and Co.
[10] Papsttum und Untergang des Templerordens II. Ed. H. Finke (1907). Mnichov: Aschendorffschen
[11] Buchhandlung. Paulus Carnotensis, Vetus Agano. In J.-P. Migne (Ed.) (1854). Patrologia latina CLV. Paříž.
[12] Peter Comestor, Historia scholastica. In J.-P. Migne (Ed.) (1854). Patrologia latina CXCVIII. Paříž.
[13] Procés des templiers I.-II. Ed. J. Michelet (1851). Paříž: Imprimerie royale.
[14] Roger Bacon, Opus Tertium. In J. S. Brewer (Ed.) (1859), Fr. Rogeri Baconi opera quaedam hactenus inedita. Londýn: Longman.
[15] Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae 3a. 66−72. In J. Cunningham (Ed.) (2006), Summa Theologie, Volume 57: Baptism and Confirmation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[16] Walter Map, De nugis curialium. Ed. Thomas Wright (1850). Londýn: J. D. Nichols and Son.
[17] Barber, M. (2008). Proces s templáři. Přel. Jiří Kasl. Praha: Argo.
[18] Barthes, R. (2004). Mytologie. Přel. Josef Fulka. Praha: Dokořán.
[19] Black, J. (2004). Psalm Uses in Carolignian Prayerbooks: Alcuin's Confessio peccatorum pura and the Seven Penitential Psalms. Medieval Studies, 65, 1–58. | DOI 10.1484/J.MS.2.306498
[20] Burgtorf, J, Crawford, P. & Nicholson, H. (Eds.) (2010). The Debate on the Trial of the Templars, 1307−1314. Farnham – Burlington: Ashgate.
[21] Couhade-Beyneix, C. (2012). Traîtres et trahisons dans la Rome antique de la fin de la République au début del'Empire. Vol. 1. Dizertační práce. École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paříž.
[22] Courtenay, W. J. & Ubl, K. (2010). Gelehrte Gutachten und königliche Politik im Templerprozess. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.
[23] Daniel, N. (2009). Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Londýn: Oneworld.
[24] Debby, N. B.-A. (2007). Images of Saracens on the Pulpit of Sancta Croce in Florence. In I. Shagrir, R. Ellenblum & J. Riley-Smith (Eds.), In Laudem Hierosolymitani. Studies in Crusades and Medieval Culture in Honour of Benjamin Z. Kedar (pp. 425–436). Hampshire: Ashgate.
[25] Douglas, M. (1966). Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. Londýn – Boston – Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[26] Eco, U. (2004). Meze interpretace. Přel. Ladislav Nagy. Praha: Karolinum.
[27] Finke, H. (1907). Papsttum und Untergang des Templerordens I. Münster: Aschendorffschen Buchhandlung
[28] Frankfurter, D. (2001). Ritual as Accusation and Atrocity: Satanic Ritual Abuse, Gnostic Libertinism, and Primal Murders. History of Religions, 40(4), 352–380. | DOI 10.1086/463648
[29] Frankfurter, D. (2006). Evil Incarnate: Rumors of Demonic Conspiracy and Ritual Abuse in History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[30] Given, J. B. (2006). Chasing Phantoms: Phillip IV. and the Fantastic. In: M. Frassetto (Ed.), Heresy and the Persecuting Society in the Middle Ages. Essays on the Work of R.I. Moore (pp. 271–289), Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[31] Iogna-Prat, D. (2002). Order and Exclusion: Cluny and Christendom Face Heresy, Judaism, and Islam, 1000–1150. New York: Cornell University Press.
[32] Krüger, A. (1999). Das 'Baphomet-Idol'. Ein Beitrag zur Provenienz der Hauptvorwürfe gegen den Templerorden. Historisches Jahrbuch, 119, 121–133.
[33] Lipton, S. (2014). Dark Mirror: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Jewish Iconography. New York: Metropolitan Books.
[34] Menache, S. (1996). Tartars, Jews, Saracesns and Jewish-Mongol 'Plot' of 1241. History, 81, 319–342. | DOI 10.1111/1468-229X.00014
[35] Partner, P. (1987). Murdered Magicians: The Templars and Their Myth. Oxfrod: Oxford University Press.
[36] Reeves, M. (1969). The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press.
[37] Renouard, Y. (1970). The Avignon Papacy, 1305–1403. Přel. Denis Bethell. Hamden – Connecticut: Archon Books.
[38] Resnick, M. I. (2008). Odo of Tournai and the Dehumanization of Medieval Jews: The Reexamination. Jewish Quarterly Review, 98, 471–484. | DOI 10.1353/jqr.0.0026
[39] Schmieder, F (1998). Nota sectam maometicam atterendam a tartaris et christianis. The Mongols as non-believing apocalyptic friends around the year 1260. Journal of Millenial Studies 1(1), 1–11.
[40] Théry, J. (2013). A Heresy of State: Phillip the Fair, The Trial of the 'Perfidious Templars' and The Pontificalization of the French Monarchy. Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures 2(39), 117–148.
[41] Tolan, J. V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. New York: Columbia University Press.
[42] Valtrová, J. (2011). Středověká setkání s "jinými": Modloslužebníci, židé, saracéni a heretici v misionářských zprávách o Asii. Praha: Argo.
[43] Vybíralová, S. Útok slovem: Zrada jako lexikální instrument v několika francouzských a českých narativních pramenech 15. století. Dostupné přes https://www.academia.edu.