Title: Evocatio deorum as an example of a crisis ritual in Roman religion
Source document: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2018, vol. 23, iss. 2, pp. 95-107
Extent
95-107
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2018-2-7
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/138773
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
This work is an attempt to describe the Roman ritual of evocation in the anthropological category of crisis ritual. The authors, analyzing the evocation of Yahweh carried out by Titus during the siege of Jerusalem, present this rite as an example of the activity of Roman 'redemptive hegemony', and one of the elements involved in the transformation of Roman religion which tried to answer the new calls connected with the transformation of the Roman state. They remain aware however that in this case we are discussing a ritual activity directed towards the Roman citizens themselves.
References
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[27] Hall, A. (1973). New Light on the Capture of Isaura Vetus by P. Servilius Vatia. In Akten des VI. Internationalen Kongresses für griechische und lateinische Epigraphik München (Vestigia, 17; pp. 568–571). München: Beck.
[28] Hekster, O. (2010). Reversed Epiphanies: Roman Emperors Deserted by Gods. Mnemosyne, 63(4), 601–615. | DOI 10.1163/156852510X456228
[29] Horsfall, N. (2008). Virgil, Aeneid 2: a commentary. Mnemosyne. Supplements, Monographs on Greek and Roman language and literature. Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[30] Johnston, P. A. (2015). Saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram. Juno, Veii, and Augustus. Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55(1–4), 167–178. | DOI 10.1556/068.2015.55.1-4.12
[31] Kloppenborg, J. S. (2005). Evocatio Deorum and the Date of Mark. Journal of Biblical Literature, 124(3), 419–450. | DOI 10.2307/30041033
[32] Lancellotti M. G. (2010). Dea Caelestis: studi e materiali per la storia di una divinità dell'Africa romana (Collezione di studi fenici, 44). Pisa–Roma: Fabrizio Serra editore.
[33] Latte, K. (1960). Römische Religionsgeschichte. München: Beck.
[34] Lenski, N. (2008). Evoking the Pagan Past: "Instinctu Divinitatis" and Constantine's Capture of Rome. Journal of Late Antiquity, 1(2), 204–257. | DOI 10.1353/jla.0.0021
[35] Magness, J. (2008). The Arch of Titus at Rome and the Fate of the God of Israel. Journal of Jewish Studies, 59(2), 201–217. | DOI 10.18647/2828/JJS-2008
[36] Orlin, E. M. (1997). Temples, Religion and Politics in the Roman Republic. Leiden: Brill.
[37] Orlin, E. M. (2000). Foreign Cults in Rome: Creating a Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[38] Rives, J. (2005). Flavian Religious Policy and the Destruction of the Jerusalem Temple. In J. Edmondson, S. Mason, & J. Rives, Flavius Josephus and Flavian Rome (pp. 145–166). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[39] Rutledge, S. H. (2007). The Roman Destruction of Sacred Sites. Historia: Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte, 56(2), 179–195.
[40] Saulnier, Ch. (1989). Flavius Josephe et la propagande flavienne. Revue Biblique, 96(4), 545–562.
[41] Schechner, R. (1985). Between Theater & Anthropology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
[42] Spaeth, B. S. (1996). The Roman goddess Ceres. Austin: University of Texas Press.
[43] Tarpin, M. (2013). Morale ou droit? La capture des objets sacrés à Rome. In M.-C. Ferriès, & F. Delrieux, Spolier et confisquer dans les mondes grec et romain (Collection Sociétés, Religions, Politiques, 23; pp. 81–100). Chambéry: Université de Savoie.
[44] Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. London: Routledge.
[45] Turner, V. (1982). From Ritual to Theatre: the Human Seriousness of Play. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications.
[46] Whiston, W. (Transl.). (2003). The works of Josephus: complete and unabridged (new updated ed., 17. printing). Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.
[2] Ando, C. (2008). The Matters of the Gods. Religion and the Roman Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press.
[3] Babbitt, F. C. (Transl.). (1972). Plutarch's Moralia in sixteen volumes (The Loeb classical library, 305). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
[4] Basanoff, V. (1947). Evocatio. Étude d'un rituel militaire Romain. Paris: Presses Univ. de France.
[5] Beard, M., North, J., & Price, S. (1998). Religions of Rome, 1: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6] Bell, C. M. (1992). Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
[7] Bell, C. M. (1997). Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press.
[8] Blomart, A. (1997). Die evocatio und der Transfer "fremder" Götter von der Peripherie nach Rom. In H. Cancik, & J. Rüpke (Eds.), Römische Reichsreligion und Provinzialreligion (pp. 99–111). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
[9] Blomart, A. (2000). Les manières grecques de déplacer les héros: modalités religieuses et motivations politiques. In V. Pirenne-Delforge, & E. Suárez de la Torre (Eds.), Héros et héroïnes dans les mythes et les cultes grecs (pp. 351–364). Liège: Centre International d'Étude de la Religion Grecque Antique.
[10] Blomart, A. (2013). Adapter l'ancien pour faire du nouveau: la réinterprétation de traditions païennes (evocatio et devotio) en contexte chrétien (IVe–Ve s.). Chaos e Kosmos, 14 [retrieved 17.11.2018 from http://www.chaosekosmos.it/pdf/2013_10.pdf].
[11] Castel, J.-P. (2016). Guerre de religion et police de la pensée: une invention monothéiste? Paris: L'Harmattan.
[12] Champion, C. B. (2017). The Peace of the Gods. Elite Religious Practices in the Middle Roman Republic. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[13] Church, A. J., & Brodribb, W. J. (Transl.). (1942). The complete works of Tacitus (The modern library of the world's best books). New York: The Modern Library.
[14] Ferri, G. (2006). L'evocatio romana: i problemi. Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni, 30(2), 205–244.
[15] Ferri, G. (2008). Evocatio romana ed evocatio ittita. Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni, 74, N.S. 32(1), 19–48.
[16] Ferri, G. (2010a). Tutela segreta ed evocatio nel politeismo romano. Roma: Bulzoni.
[17] Ferri, G. (2010b). Tutela urbis: il significato e la concezione della divinità tutelare cittadina nella religione romana. Stuttgart: Steiner.
[18] Ferri, G. (2010c). Una testimonianza epigrafica dell'evocatio? Su un'iscrizione di Isaura Vetus. In S. Antolini, A. Arnaldi, & E. Lanzillotta (Eds.), Giornata di studi in onore di Lidio Gasperini (pp. 183–194). Roma: Università di Roma.
[19] Flaig, E. (1995). Entscheidung und Konsens. Zu den Feldern der politischen Kummunikation zwischen Aristokratie und Plebs. In M. Jehne (Ed.), Demokratie in Rom? Die Rolle des Volkes in der Politik der römischen Republik (pp. 77–128). Stuttgart: Steiner.
[20] Le Gall, J. (1976). Evocatio. In A. Balland et al. (Eds.)., L'Italie préromaine et la Rome républicaine. Mélanges offerts à Jacques Heurgon (pp. 519–524). Paris: Boccard.
[21] Van Gennep, A. (1909). Les rites de passage. Paris: Nourry.
[22] Giovannini, A. (1996). Die Zerstörung Jerusalems durch Titus: Eine Strafe Gottes oder eine historische Notwendigkeit? In G. Gottlieb, V. Dotterweich, & P. Barceló (Eds.), Contra quis ferat arma deos? Vier Augsburger Vorträge zur Religionsgeschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit: zum 60. Geburtstag von Gunther Gottlieb (pp. 11–34). München: Vögel.
[23] Gustafsson, G. (2000). Evocatio deorum: Historical and Mythical Interpretations of Ritualised Conquest in the Expansion of Ancient Rome. Uppsala: Uppsala University Library.
[24] Gustafsson, G. (2015). Verbs, Nouns, Temporality and Typology: Narrations of Ritualised Warfare in Roman Antiquity. In O. Bernd-Christian, S. Rau, & J. Rüpke (Eds.), History and Religion: Narrating a Religious Past (pp. 355–370). Berlin – München – Boston: de Gruyter.
[25] Hadas-Lebel, M. (2006). Jerusalem against Rome. Leuven – Dudley, MA: Peeters.
[26] Hadas-Lebel, M. (2009). Flavius Josèphe comme témoin des rites de victoire romains. Mélanges de l'école française de Rome, 121(2), 473–479.
[27] Hall, A. (1973). New Light on the Capture of Isaura Vetus by P. Servilius Vatia. In Akten des VI. Internationalen Kongresses für griechische und lateinische Epigraphik München (Vestigia, 17; pp. 568–571). München: Beck.
[28] Hekster, O. (2010). Reversed Epiphanies: Roman Emperors Deserted by Gods. Mnemosyne, 63(4), 601–615. | DOI 10.1163/156852510X456228
[29] Horsfall, N. (2008). Virgil, Aeneid 2: a commentary. Mnemosyne. Supplements, Monographs on Greek and Roman language and literature. Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[30] Johnston, P. A. (2015). Saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram. Juno, Veii, and Augustus. Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55(1–4), 167–178. | DOI 10.1556/068.2015.55.1-4.12
[31] Kloppenborg, J. S. (2005). Evocatio Deorum and the Date of Mark. Journal of Biblical Literature, 124(3), 419–450. | DOI 10.2307/30041033
[32] Lancellotti M. G. (2010). Dea Caelestis: studi e materiali per la storia di una divinità dell'Africa romana (Collezione di studi fenici, 44). Pisa–Roma: Fabrizio Serra editore.
[33] Latte, K. (1960). Römische Religionsgeschichte. München: Beck.
[34] Lenski, N. (2008). Evoking the Pagan Past: "Instinctu Divinitatis" and Constantine's Capture of Rome. Journal of Late Antiquity, 1(2), 204–257. | DOI 10.1353/jla.0.0021
[35] Magness, J. (2008). The Arch of Titus at Rome and the Fate of the God of Israel. Journal of Jewish Studies, 59(2), 201–217. | DOI 10.18647/2828/JJS-2008
[36] Orlin, E. M. (1997). Temples, Religion and Politics in the Roman Republic. Leiden: Brill.
[37] Orlin, E. M. (2000). Foreign Cults in Rome: Creating a Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[38] Rives, J. (2005). Flavian Religious Policy and the Destruction of the Jerusalem Temple. In J. Edmondson, S. Mason, & J. Rives, Flavius Josephus and Flavian Rome (pp. 145–166). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[39] Rutledge, S. H. (2007). The Roman Destruction of Sacred Sites. Historia: Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte, 56(2), 179–195.
[40] Saulnier, Ch. (1989). Flavius Josephe et la propagande flavienne. Revue Biblique, 96(4), 545–562.
[41] Schechner, R. (1985). Between Theater & Anthropology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
[42] Spaeth, B. S. (1996). The Roman goddess Ceres. Austin: University of Texas Press.
[43] Tarpin, M. (2013). Morale ou droit? La capture des objets sacrés à Rome. In M.-C. Ferriès, & F. Delrieux, Spolier et confisquer dans les mondes grec et romain (Collection Sociétés, Religions, Politiques, 23; pp. 81–100). Chambéry: Université de Savoie.
[44] Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. London: Routledge.
[45] Turner, V. (1982). From Ritual to Theatre: the Human Seriousness of Play. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications.
[46] Whiston, W. (Transl.). (2003). The works of Josephus: complete and unabridged (new updated ed., 17. printing). Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.