Der Markt für katholische künstlerische Massenproduktion in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts und am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts

The article discusses the phenomenon of mass-produced art intended for Catholic clients, which developed in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The study is based on advertising sources mainly from Catholic (or partly Catholic) German territories (e.g. Bavaria, Rhineland, Silesia), as well as on examples of analogous sources from the Habsburg Monarchy. Advertising materials (advertisements, illustrated catalogues, price lists, etc.) have a dual role in research on mass-produced art: they can serve as sources, but at the same time they should themselves be the subject of analysis. Illustrated catalogues in which illustrative techniques such as lithography, wood engraving or autotype were used are particularly noteworthy. Large companies dominated among the active entities on the market of Catholic art and crafts. They used noble names, including such terms as "Institut", "Atelier", "Etablissement", "artistic enterprises". Many enterprises carried out supra-local and international activities. In the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century massification and marketization included not only religious artistic craftsmanship, but also purely artistic fields such as painting and sculpture. It is therefore impossible to draw a sharp boundary between the sphere of Catholic mass production and the world of religious "high art".