Title: The conclusion of the American-Canadian Halibut Treaty of 1923 and its importance for British-Canadian constitutional relations
Variant title:
- La conclusion du Traité américano-canadien sur le flétan de 1923 et son importance pour les relations constitutionnelles canado-britanniques
Source document: The Central European journal of Canadian studies. 2019, vol. 14, iss. [1], pp. 25-34
Extent
25-34
-
ISSN1213-7715 (print)2336-4556 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/142442
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Rights access
embargoed access
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
The article is focused on the analysis of British-Canadian relations in connection with the conclusion of the American-Canadian Halibut Treaty of 1923 and its importance for British-Canadian constitutional relations in the context of Canadian efforts to gain independent access in specific bilateral economic relations in North America. The circumstances and discussions that accompanied the negotiation and conclusion of the Halibut Treaty between the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada were all reflected to a large extent in a clearer definition of the constitutional status of the Dominions and the problems of negotiation, conclusion and ratification of international treaties.
L'article se concentre sur l'analyse des relations entre le Canada et la Grande-Bretagne dans le cadre de la conclusion du Traité sur le flétan de 1923 (entre le Canada et les États-Unis) et son importance pour les relations constitutionnelles entre le Canada et la Grande-Bretagne dans le contexte des efforts du Canada pour obtenir un accès indépendant à des relations économiques bilatérales spécifiques en Amérique du Nord. Les circonstances et les discussions qui ont accompagné les négociations et la conclusion du Traité sur le flétan ont toutes été reflétées dans une large mesure par une définition plus claire du statut constitutionnel des Dominions et des problèmes de négociation, conclusion et ratification des traités internationaux.
Note
Research leading to this article is based on my dissertation and has been supported by the Charles University Research Centre No. 9 (UNCE/HUM/009) and the Charles University program PROGRES Q09: History – The Key to Understanding the Globalized World.
References
[1] CAB 32/8, E ("B" Series) 5, Appendix: Commercial Negotiations with Regard to the Dominions, March 1911, f. 10 [13].
[2] CAB 32/8, E ("B" Series) 3, Imperial Conference, 1923: Treaty-Signing Powers of the Dominions: Memorandum by the Foreign Office, 24 August 1923, ff. [6–7].
[3] CAB 32/8, E ("B" Series) 5, Imperial Conference, 1923: Treaty-Signing Powers of the Dominions: Memorandum by the Colonial Office, 11 September 1923, ff. [1]–9.
[4] CAB 32/22, E (T. C), Imperial Conference 1923: Committee on the Position of the Dominions and India in Relation to the Signature of Treaties and the Question of Territorial Waters: Conclusions of a Meeting of the above Committee, Foreign Office, 16 October 1923, ff. i–iii.
[5] CO 886/10/2, 3157, Canada: The Governor-General to the Secretary of State, 17 January 1923, Doc. No. 438, f. 302.
[6] CO 886/10/2, 4825, Foreign Office to Colonial Office, 24 January 1923, Encl. to Doc. No. 440, f. 303.
[7] CO 886/10/2, 3157, Colonial Office to Foreign Office, 30 January 1923, Doc. No. 441, f. 304.
[8] CO 886/10/2, 7583, Foreign Office to Colonial Office, 10 February 1923, Doc. No. 442, f. 304.
[9] CO 886/10/2, 9411, Canada: The Governor-General to the Secretary of State, 21 February 1923, Doc. No. 447, f. 306.
[10] CO 886/10/2, 10738, Canada: The Governor-General to the Secretary of State, 28 February 1923, Doc. No. 449, f. 307.
[11] CO 886/10/2, 11044, Foreign Office to Sir A. Geddes (Washington), 1 March 1923, Doc. No. 450, f. 308.
[12] CO 886/10/2, 11044, Foreign Office to Sir A. Geddes (Washington), 1 March 1923, Doc. No. 452, f. 308.
[13] CO 886/10/2, 12272, Sir A. Geddes (Washington) to Foreign Office, 2 March 1923, Doc. No. 454, f. 309.
[14] CO 886/10/2, 11898, House of Commons: Fishery Treaty, Canada and United States, 8 March, 1923 Doc. No. 455, f. 309.
[15] Allin, Caphas Daniel. "Canada's Treaty Making Power". Michigan Law Review 24.3 (1926): 249–276. | DOI 10.2307/1279526
[16] Beeman, Neville (ed). Lord Rosebery's Speeches (1874–1896). London: Neville Beeman Limited, 1896.
[17] Bennett, G. H. "Lloyd George, Curzon and the Control of the British Foreign Policy 1919–22". The Australian Journal of Politics and History 45.4 (1999): 467–482. | DOI 10.1111/1467-8497.00076
[18] Clark, L. C. (ed). Documents on Canadian External Relations: 1919–1925 [DCER]. Vol. 3. Ottawa: Information Canada, 1970.
[19] Cmd. 1988. Imperial Conference, 1923: Appendices to the Summary of Proceedings. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1923.
[20] Dawson, Robert MacGregor (ed). The Development of Dominion Status, 1900–1936. London: Archon Books, 1965.
[21] Dewey, Alexander Gordon. The Dominion and Diplomacy: The Canadian Contribution. Vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1929.
[22] Hancock, William Keith. Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of Nationality 1918–1936. Vol. 1. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
[23] Keith, Arthur Berriedale. Imperial Unity and the Dominions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1916.
[24] Keith, Arthur Berriedale. The Governments of the British Empire. London: Macmillan & Co., 1935.
[25] Kennedy, William Paul McClure (ed). Statutes, Treaties and Documents of the Canadian Constitution 1713–1929. 2nd Ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1930.
[26] Lowell, A. Lawrence. "The Treaty Making Power of Canada". Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review 2.1/4 (1923–1924): 12–22.
[27] Lowell, A. Lawrence. "The Imperial Conference". Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review 5.1/4 (1926–1927): 379–392.
[28] Mackenzie, N. A. M. "The Treaty Making Power in Canada". The American Journal of International Law 19.3 (1925): 489–504. | DOI 10.2307/2188878
[29] Maisel, Ephraim. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1919–1926. London: Sussex Academic Press, 1994.
[30] Ollivier, Maurice (ed). The Colonial and Imperial Conferences from 1887 to 1937. 3 Vols. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, 1954.
[31] Stacey, Charles Perry. Canada and the Age of Conflict: A History of Canadian External Policies: 1921–1948: The Mackenzie King Era. Vol. 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981.
[32] Stevenson, J. A. "Canada's Halibut Treaty". New Statesman 21. 524, (28 April, 1923): 72–73.
[33] United States Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States [FRUS]. Vol. 1. 1922. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1938.
[34] United States Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States [FRUS]. Vol. 1. 1923. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1938.
[35] Tupper, C. Hibbert. "Treaty-Making Powers of the Dominions". Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 17.1/2 (1917): 5–18.
[36] Wigley, Philip. Canada and the Transition to Commonwealth: British-Canadian Relations, 1917– 1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
[37] Wigley, Philip. "Whitehall and the 1923 Imperial Conference". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1.2 (1973): 223–235. | DOI 10.1080/03086537308582374
[38] Wilson, Philip W. "The Imperial Conference". North American Review 213 (1921): 725–735.
[39] Wrong, George M. "The Evolution of the Foreign Relations of Canada" The Canadian Historical Review 5.3 (1925): 4–14. | DOI 10.3138/CHR-06-01-01
[2] CAB 32/8, E ("B" Series) 3, Imperial Conference, 1923: Treaty-Signing Powers of the Dominions: Memorandum by the Foreign Office, 24 August 1923, ff. [6–7].
[3] CAB 32/8, E ("B" Series) 5, Imperial Conference, 1923: Treaty-Signing Powers of the Dominions: Memorandum by the Colonial Office, 11 September 1923, ff. [1]–9.
[4] CAB 32/22, E (T. C), Imperial Conference 1923: Committee on the Position of the Dominions and India in Relation to the Signature of Treaties and the Question of Territorial Waters: Conclusions of a Meeting of the above Committee, Foreign Office, 16 October 1923, ff. i–iii.
[5] CO 886/10/2, 3157, Canada: The Governor-General to the Secretary of State, 17 January 1923, Doc. No. 438, f. 302.
[6] CO 886/10/2, 4825, Foreign Office to Colonial Office, 24 January 1923, Encl. to Doc. No. 440, f. 303.
[7] CO 886/10/2, 3157, Colonial Office to Foreign Office, 30 January 1923, Doc. No. 441, f. 304.
[8] CO 886/10/2, 7583, Foreign Office to Colonial Office, 10 February 1923, Doc. No. 442, f. 304.
[9] CO 886/10/2, 9411, Canada: The Governor-General to the Secretary of State, 21 February 1923, Doc. No. 447, f. 306.
[10] CO 886/10/2, 10738, Canada: The Governor-General to the Secretary of State, 28 February 1923, Doc. No. 449, f. 307.
[11] CO 886/10/2, 11044, Foreign Office to Sir A. Geddes (Washington), 1 March 1923, Doc. No. 450, f. 308.
[12] CO 886/10/2, 11044, Foreign Office to Sir A. Geddes (Washington), 1 March 1923, Doc. No. 452, f. 308.
[13] CO 886/10/2, 12272, Sir A. Geddes (Washington) to Foreign Office, 2 March 1923, Doc. No. 454, f. 309.
[14] CO 886/10/2, 11898, House of Commons: Fishery Treaty, Canada and United States, 8 March, 1923 Doc. No. 455, f. 309.
[15] Allin, Caphas Daniel. "Canada's Treaty Making Power". Michigan Law Review 24.3 (1926): 249–276. | DOI 10.2307/1279526
[16] Beeman, Neville (ed). Lord Rosebery's Speeches (1874–1896). London: Neville Beeman Limited, 1896.
[17] Bennett, G. H. "Lloyd George, Curzon and the Control of the British Foreign Policy 1919–22". The Australian Journal of Politics and History 45.4 (1999): 467–482. | DOI 10.1111/1467-8497.00076
[18] Clark, L. C. (ed). Documents on Canadian External Relations: 1919–1925 [DCER]. Vol. 3. Ottawa: Information Canada, 1970.
[19] Cmd. 1988. Imperial Conference, 1923: Appendices to the Summary of Proceedings. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1923.
[20] Dawson, Robert MacGregor (ed). The Development of Dominion Status, 1900–1936. London: Archon Books, 1965.
[21] Dewey, Alexander Gordon. The Dominion and Diplomacy: The Canadian Contribution. Vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1929.
[22] Hancock, William Keith. Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of Nationality 1918–1936. Vol. 1. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
[23] Keith, Arthur Berriedale. Imperial Unity and the Dominions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1916.
[24] Keith, Arthur Berriedale. The Governments of the British Empire. London: Macmillan & Co., 1935.
[25] Kennedy, William Paul McClure (ed). Statutes, Treaties and Documents of the Canadian Constitution 1713–1929. 2nd Ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1930.
[26] Lowell, A. Lawrence. "The Treaty Making Power of Canada". Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review 2.1/4 (1923–1924): 12–22.
[27] Lowell, A. Lawrence. "The Imperial Conference". Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review 5.1/4 (1926–1927): 379–392.
[28] Mackenzie, N. A. M. "The Treaty Making Power in Canada". The American Journal of International Law 19.3 (1925): 489–504. | DOI 10.2307/2188878
[29] Maisel, Ephraim. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1919–1926. London: Sussex Academic Press, 1994.
[30] Ollivier, Maurice (ed). The Colonial and Imperial Conferences from 1887 to 1937. 3 Vols. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, 1954.
[31] Stacey, Charles Perry. Canada and the Age of Conflict: A History of Canadian External Policies: 1921–1948: The Mackenzie King Era. Vol. 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981.
[32] Stevenson, J. A. "Canada's Halibut Treaty". New Statesman 21. 524, (28 April, 1923): 72–73.
[33] United States Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States [FRUS]. Vol. 1. 1922. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1938.
[34] United States Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States [FRUS]. Vol. 1. 1923. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1938.
[35] Tupper, C. Hibbert. "Treaty-Making Powers of the Dominions". Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 17.1/2 (1917): 5–18.
[36] Wigley, Philip. Canada and the Transition to Commonwealth: British-Canadian Relations, 1917– 1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
[37] Wigley, Philip. "Whitehall and the 1923 Imperial Conference". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1.2 (1973): 223–235. | DOI 10.1080/03086537308582374
[38] Wilson, Philip W. "The Imperial Conference". North American Review 213 (1921): 725–735.
[39] Wrong, George M. "The Evolution of the Foreign Relations of Canada" The Canadian Historical Review 5.3 (1925): 4–14. | DOI 10.3138/CHR-06-01-01