Title: Strategies of positive evaluation in computer-mediated communication
Source document: Brno studies in English. 2020, vol. 46, iss. 2, pp. 67-85
Extent
67-85
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2020-2-4
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/143207
Type: Article
Language
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
The aim of this paper is to present the results of our research into the politeness strategy of complimenting or giving positive evaluations in English on the Internet with a specific focus on comments responding to selected YouTube music videos. Compliments in face-to-face interactions have been widely studied for decades, with a new tendency emerging: the occurrence of compliments and compliment responses in digital contexts (Placencia and Lower 2016). Although there is no obvious formula for expressing compliments, research shows that there seems to be a limited number of patterns used for their construction (Válková 2012). On the corpus of complimentary evaluations in online comments on music (modern and classical), we aim to show to what extent the variety of forms conforms to the types presented in the available material and whether there are any essential differences in the characteristic lexical and syntactic repertoire with respect to the selected music genres.
References
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[36] Terkourafi, Marina (1999) Frames for politeness: A case study. Pragmatics 9 (1), 97–117. | DOI 10.1075/prag.9.1.10ter
[37] Válková, Silvie (2012) Regulating Discourse: Compliments and Discourse Signposts (English-Czech Interface). Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
[38] Watts, Richard J. (2003) Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[39] Yen-Liang, Erik Lin (2016) Non-standard capitalisation and vocal spelling in intercultural computer-mediated communication. Corpora 11 (1), 63–82. | DOI 10.3366/cor.2016.0085
[40] Yusof, Siti Yuhaida Anniqah Mohd and Tan Bee Hoon (2014) Compliments and compliment responses of Twitter among male and female celebrities. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities 22, 75–96.
[41] The British National Corpus, version 3 (BNC XML Edition). 2007. Distributed by Oxford University Computing Services on behalf of the BNC Consortium. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/ [Accessed on 27 Feb. 2016].
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[43] YouTube. (2018). Calvin Harris, Dua Lipa - One Kiss (Official Video). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkeiKbqa02g [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[44] YouTube. (2018). Justin Timberlake - Say Something ft. Chris Stapleton (Official Video). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MPbR6Cbwi4 [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[45] YouTube. (2018). Beethoven 9 – Chicago Symphony Orchestra - Riccardo Muti. [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOjHhS5MtvA&t=5s [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[46] YouTube. (2018). Ludovico Einaudi: Divenire Live at Royal Albert Hall London. [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIprTEhr9lE [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2019].
[47] YouTube. (2018). Rachmaninov: Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini - BBC Proms 2013 (Stephen Houg: Piano ). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c33q87s03h4 [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[2] Androtsopoulos, Jannis (2006) Introduction: Sociolinguistics and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Sociolinguistics 10 (4), 419–438. | DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9841.2006.00286.x
[3] Blum-Kulka, Shoshana and Elite Olshtain (1984) Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics 5 (3), 196–213. | DOI 10.1093/applin/5.3.196
[4] Boyle, Ronald (2000) You've worked with Elizabeth Taylor!: Phatic functions and implicit compliments. Applied Linguistics 21 (1), 26–46. | DOI 10.1093/applin/21.1.26
[5] Brown, Penelope and Stephen C. Levinson (1978) Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6] Bucholtz Mary and Kira Hall (2005) Identity in interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach. Discourse Studies 7 (4–5), 585–614. | DOI 10.1177/1461445605054407
[7] Culpeper, Jonathan (2011) Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[8] Chen, Rong (2010) Compliment and compliment response research: A cross-cultural survey. In: Trosborg, Anna (ed.) Pragmatics across Languages and Cultures. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 79–102.
[9] Dresner Eli and Susan C. Herring (2010) Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and illocutionary force. Communication Theory 20 (3), 249–268. | DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2010.01362.x
[10] Du Bois, John W. (2007) The stance triangle. In: Englebretson, Robert (ed.) Stancetaking in Discourse: Subjectivity, Evaluation, Interaction. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 139–182.
[11] Eelen, Gino (2001) Critique of Politeness Theories. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
[12] Encyclopedia Britannica (2019) What's the Difference Between Emoji and Emoticons? [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-emoji-andemoticons [Accessed on 12 Dec. 2018].
[13] Fox, Kate (2005) Watching the English. The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
[14] Haugh, Michael (2007) The discursive challenge to politeness research: An interactional alternative. Journal of Politeness Research, 3 (2), 295–317.
[15] Herbert, Robert (1989) The ethnography of English compliments and compliment responses: a contrastive sketch. In: Oleksy, Wieslaw (ed.) Contrastive Pragmatics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 3–35.
[16] Hoffmann, Christian (2013) E(-lectronic) schmoozing? A cross-generic study of compliments in blog comments. In: Röder, Katrin and Ilse Wischer (eds.) Anglistentag Potsdam 2012. Proceedings. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 341–357.
[17] Holmes, Janet (1988) Compliments and compliment responses in New Zealand. Anthropological Linguistics 28 (4), 485–508.
[18] Holmes, Janet (1995) Women, Men and Politeness. London: Longman.
[19] Ide, Sachiko (1989) Formal forms and discernment: two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Multilingua 2 (3), 223–248.
[20] Kádár, Dániel (2017) Politeness, impoliteness, and ritual: Maintaining the moral order in interpersonal interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[21] Kádár, Dániel Z. and Michael Haugh (2013) Understanding Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[22] Lakoff, Robin (1973) Hedges: A study in the meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts. Journal of Philosophical Logic 2/4, 458–508.
[23] Leech, Geoffrey (1983) Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
[24] Leech, Geoffrey (2014) The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[25] Maíz-Arévalo, Carmen (2012) Was that a compliment? Implicit compliments in English and Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 44 (8), 980–996. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.04.004
[26] Manes, Joan and Nessa Wolfson (1981) The compliment formula. In: Coulmas, Florian (ed.) Conversation Routine: Explorations in standardized communication situations and prepatterned speech. The Hague: Mouton, 115–132.
[27] Mathesius, Vilém (1982) O potenciálnosti jevů jazykových. In: Mathesius, Vilém (ed.) Jazyk, kultura a Slovesnost. Praha: Odeon, 9–28.
[28] Maíz-Arévalo, Carmen and Antonio García-Gómez (2013) "You look terrific!" Social evaluation and relationships in online compliments. Discourse Studies 15, 735–760. | DOI 10.1177/1461445613490011
[29] Placencia, María and Amanda Lower (2013) Your kids are stinking cute. Complimenting behavior on Facebook among family and friends. Intercultural Pragmatics 10, 617–646.
[30] Placencia, Maria and Amanda Lower (2016) Compliments and compliment responses. In: Hoffmann, Christian and Wolfram Bublitz (eds.) Pragmatics of Social Media. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 633–660.
[31] Placencia, Maria (2019) Qué perfección: Complimenting behaviour among Ecuadorian teenage girls on Instagram. In: Ogiermann, Eva and Pilar Garces Blitvich (eds.) From Speech Acts to Lay Understanding of Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 93–116.
[32] Pomerantz, Anita (1978) Compliment responses: Notes on the co-operation of multiple constraints. In: Schenkein, Jim (ed.) Studies in the organization of conversational interaction. Academic Press, 79–112.
[33] Schneebeli, Célia (2017) The interplay of emoji, emoticons, and verbal modalities in CMC: a case study of YouTube comments. Retrieved from: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01632753 [Accessed on 23 October 2019].
[34] Shaw, Philip (2008) Spelling, Accent and identity in computer-mediated communication. English Today 24 (2), 42–49. | DOI 10.1017/S0266078408000199
[35] Švárová, Jana (2010) On the structure and use of compliments in present-day English. In: Jančaříková, Renata (ed.) Interpretation of Meaning across Discourses. Brno: Masarykova Univerzita, 231–240.
[36] Terkourafi, Marina (1999) Frames for politeness: A case study. Pragmatics 9 (1), 97–117. | DOI 10.1075/prag.9.1.10ter
[37] Válková, Silvie (2012) Regulating Discourse: Compliments and Discourse Signposts (English-Czech Interface). Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
[38] Watts, Richard J. (2003) Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[39] Yen-Liang, Erik Lin (2016) Non-standard capitalisation and vocal spelling in intercultural computer-mediated communication. Corpora 11 (1), 63–82. | DOI 10.3366/cor.2016.0085
[40] Yusof, Siti Yuhaida Anniqah Mohd and Tan Bee Hoon (2014) Compliments and compliment responses of Twitter among male and female celebrities. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities 22, 75–96.
[41] The British National Corpus, version 3 (BNC XML Edition). 2007. Distributed by Oxford University Computing Services on behalf of the BNC Consortium. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/ [Accessed on 27 Feb. 2016].
[42] YouTube. (2018). Ed Sheeran - Perfect (Official Music Video). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Vv-BfVoq4g [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[43] YouTube. (2018). Calvin Harris, Dua Lipa - One Kiss (Official Video). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkeiKbqa02g [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[44] YouTube. (2018). Justin Timberlake - Say Something ft. Chris Stapleton (Official Video). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MPbR6Cbwi4 [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[45] YouTube. (2018). Beethoven 9 – Chicago Symphony Orchestra - Riccardo Muti. [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOjHhS5MtvA&t=5s [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].
[46] YouTube. (2018). Ludovico Einaudi: Divenire Live at Royal Albert Hall London. [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIprTEhr9lE [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2019].
[47] YouTube. (2018). Rachmaninov: Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini - BBC Proms 2013 (Stephen Houg: Piano ). [online] Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c33q87s03h4 [Accessed on 5 Mar. 2018].