Title: Blending and compounding in English coroneologisms
Source document: Brno studies in English. 2021, vol. 47, iss. 1, pp. 31-45
Extent
31-45
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2021-1-3
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/144293
Type: Article
Language
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
This article focuses on English coroneologisms coined during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to contextualise two of the main morphological mechanisms underlying the coinage of coroneologisms in non-specialised terminology, namely blending and compounding, I will discuss the whole spectrum of lexical items traditionally ascribed to these word-formation processes and their relation to other lexicogenetic mechanisms. The rapid shift in the status of the word corona from having its primary sense, "crown", in Romance languages prior to the pandemic, to being automatically perceived as a clipping of coronavirus in Romance and Germanic languages alike is illustrated, as well as the high frequency of COVID, among other base forms, in the coinage of numerous words in a matter of months. References will be made to the use of these neologisms in English and their adoption and adaptation into other languages.
References
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[43] Lehrer, Adrienne (1998) Scapes, holics, and thons: The semantics of English combining forms. American Speech 72 (1), 3–28. | DOI 10.2307/455924
[44] Lehrer, Adrienne (2007) Blendalicious. In: Munat, Judith (ed.) Lexical Creativity, Texts and Contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 115–136.
[45] Lieber, Rochelle and Štekauer, Pavol (2009) The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. New York: Oxford University Press.
[46] López Rúa, Paula (2004) The categorical continuum of English blends. English Studies 85(1), 63–76. | DOI 10.1076/enst.85.1.63.29107
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[51] Mattiello, Elisa (2013) Extra-Grammatical Morphology in English: Abbreviations, Blends, Reduplicatives, and Related Phenomena. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Mouton.
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[56] Olsen, Susan (2000) Composition. In Booji, Geert, Lehmann, Christian and Mugdan, Joachim (ds.) Morphologie/Morphology: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Flexion und Wortbuildung/An International Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 897–916.
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[58] Plag, Ingo (2003) Word-Formation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[59] Renner, Vincent and Lalić-Krstin, Gordana (2011) Predicting stress assignment in lexical blends: the case of English and Serbian. In Tomomić, Nenad and Vujić, Jelena (eds.) ELLSIIR Proceedings. Belgrade: Publications of the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, 265–273.
[60] Rodríguez González, Félix (1996) Functions of Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish. Cahiers de Lexicologie 68, 107–128.
[61] Rodríguez González, Félix (forthcoming) Ironía y creaciones léxicas durante la pandemia del coronavirus. -.
[62] Roig-Marín, Amanda (2020) English-based coroneologisms. English Today (FirstView). http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S0266078420000255. Accessed on August 15, 2020. | DOI 10.1017/S0266078420000255
[63] Ronneberger-Sibold, Elke (2006) Lexical blends: Functionally tuning the transparency of complex words. Folia Linguistica 40 (1–2), 155–181. | DOI 10.1515/flin.40.1part2.155
[64] Schmid, Hans-Jörg (2011) English Morphology and Word-Formation. Second edition. Berlin: Erich Schmidt.
[65] Simpson, John A. and Proffitt, Michael (1990–) The Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
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[68] Times of India (2020, August 13) Kareena Kapoor and Saif Ali Khan to have a 'coronial' baby. Here's what it means. Times of India http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/parenting/pregnancy/kareena-kapoor-and-saif-ali-khan-to-have-a-coronial-baby-here-is-what-it-means/photostory/77521883.cms. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
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[2] Algeo, John (1991) Fifty Years among the New Words. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3] Baldi, Philip and Dawar, Chantal (2000) Creative processes. In: Booij, Geert, Lehmann, Christian and Mugdan, Joachim (eds.) Morphologie/Morphology. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Flexion und Wortbildung/An International Handbook on Inflection and Word-Formation (HSK 17/1), Vol. 1. Berlin: de Gruyter, 963–972.
[4] Bauer, Laurie (1983) English Word-Formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[5] Bauer, Laurie (2003) Introducing Linguistic Morphology. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
[6] Bauer, Laurie (2006) Splinter. In: Brown, Keith (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 77–78.
[7] Bauer, Laurie (2017) Compounds and Compounding. Cambridge University Press.
[8] Bauer, Laurie, Lieber, Rochelle and Plag, Ingo (2013) The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[9] Beliaeva, Natalia (2014) A study of English blends: From structure to meaning and back again. Word Structure 7 (1), 29–54. | DOI 10.3366/word.2014.0055
[10] Beliaeva, Natalia (2016) Blends at the intersection of addition and subtraction: Evidence from processing. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 13 (2), 23–45.
[11] Beliaeva, Natalia (2019, May 23 (= 2019 a)) Blending in morphology. In: The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-511. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[12] Beliaeva, Natalia (2019 b) Blending creativity and productivity: on the issue of delimiting the boundaries of blends as a type of word formation, Lexis [Online] 14, 1–22. https://doi.org/ 10.4000/lexis.4004. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[13] Benczes, Réka (2011) Blending and creativity in metaphorical compounds: A diachronic investigation. In: Handl, Sandra and Schmid, Hans-Jörg (eds.) Windows to the Mind: Metaphor, Metonymy and Conceptual Blending. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 247–268.
[14] Berman, J. M. (1961) Contribution on blending. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 9, 278–281.
[15] Callies, Marcus (2016) Of soundscapes, talkathons and shopaholics: On the status of a new type of formative in English (and beyond). STUF - Language Typology and Universals 69 (4), 495–516. | DOI 10.1515/stuf-2016-0021
[16] Cannon, Garland (1986) Blends in English word formation. Linguistics 24, 725–753.
[17] Connolly, Patrick (2013) The innovation and adoption of English lexical blends. JournaLIPP 2, 1–14.
[18] Chomsky, Noam and Halle, Morris (1968) The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row.
[19] Devereux, Robert (1984) Shortenings, blends and acronyms. Word Ways 17, 210–215.
[20] Donalies, Elke (2004) Grammatik des Deutschen im europäischen Vergleich: Kombinatorische Begriffsbildung, vol. 1: Substantivkomposition. Mannheim: Institut für deutsche Sprache.
[21] Fandrych, Ingrid Mina (2004) Non-morphematic word-formation processes: A multi-level approach to acronyms, blends, clippings and onomatopoeia. Diss. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein. scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/handle/11660/2696. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[22] Fandrych, Ingrid Mina (2008) Submorphemic elements in the formation of acronyms, blends and clippings. Lexis 2, 105–23.
[23] Fauconnier, Gilles and Turner, Mark (2003) Conceptual blending, form and meaning. Recherches en Communication 19 (19), 57–86.
[24] Fradin, Bernard (2000) Combining forms, blends and related phenomena. In: Doleschal, Ursula and Thornton, Anna M. (eds.) Extragrammatical and Marginal Morphology. München: LINCOM Europa, 11–59.
[25] Fradin, Bernard (2015) Blending. In: Müller, Peter O., Ohnheiser, Ingeborg, Olsen, Susan and Rainer, Franz (eds.) Word-Formation. An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe, Vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 386–413.
[26] Frath, Pierre (2005) Why is there no ham in a hamburger? A study of lexical blends and reanalysed morphemisation. RANAM: Recherches Anglaises et Nord Amércaines 38, 99–112.
[27] Fromkin, Victoria A., Rodman, Robert and Hyams, Nina (2012) Introduction to Language. Melbourne: Centage Learning Australia.
[28] Fudge, Erik (1984) English Word-Stress. London: Allen and Unwin. Fundéu. Covidianidad, neologismo válido. https://fundeu.do/covidianidad-neologismo-valido/. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[29] Furiassi, Cristiano and Gottlieb, Henrik (2015) Pseudo-English. Studies on False Anglicisms in Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
[30] Furiassi, Cristiano (2003) False Anglicisms in Italian monolingual dictionaries: A case study of some electronic editions. International Journal of Lexicography 16 (2), 121–142. | DOI 10.1093/ijl/16.2.121
[31] Gries, Stefan Th. (2004) Shouldn't it be breakfunch? A quantitative analysis of blend structure in English. Linguistics 42 (3), 639–668.
[32] Gries, Stefan Th. (2006) Cognitive determinants of subtractive word-formation processes: A corpus-based perspective. Linguistics 17 (4), 535–558.
[33] Gries, Stefan Th. (2012) Quantitative corpus data on blend formation: Psycho- and cognitive- linguistic perspectives. In: Vincent, Renner, Maniez, François and Arnaud, Pierre J.L. (eds.) Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Lexical Blending. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 145–167.
[34] Hamans, Camiel (2010) The productivity of blending: linguistic or cognitive? Or how to deal with 'administrivia' and 'ostalgia'. In: Stanulewicz, D., Wolaski, T. Z. and Redzimska, J. (eds.) Lingua terra cognita. - 2: A Festschrift for professor Roman Kalisz. Gdask: Wydawnictwo Uniwesytetu Gdaskiego, 467–490.
[35] Haque, Umair (2020, July 20) America's Coronapocalypse. https://www.citywatchla.com/index.php/cw/intelligence-report/20106-america-s-coronapocalypse. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[36] Jakobson, Roman (1960) Linguistics and Poetics. In: Sebeok, Thomas (ed.) Style in Language. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 350–377.
[37] Jespersen, Otto (1950) Language. Its Nature, Development and Origin. London: Allen and Unwin.
[38] Kastovsky, Dieter (2009) Astronaut, astrology, astrophysics: about combining forms, classical compounds and affixoids. Selected Proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on New Approaches in English Historical Lexis (HEL-LEX2). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla, 1–13.
[39] Kelly, Michael H. (1998) To "Brunch" or to "Brench": Some aspects of blend structure. Linguistics 36, 579–590.
[40] Kemmer, Suzanne E. (2003) Schemas and lexical blends. In: Cuyckens, Hurbert, Berg, Thomas, Dirven, René and Panther, Klaus-Uwe (eds.) Motivation in Language: Studies in Honor of Günter Radden. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 69–97.
[41] La voz de Galicia (2020, May 11) El Covidauto se traslada al Hospital A Coruña. https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2020/05/11/covidauto-traslada-hospital-coruna/00031589198565020900408.htm. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[42] Lehrer, Adrienne (1996) Identifying and interpreting blends: An experimental approach. Cognitive Linguistics 7 (4), 359–90. | DOI 10.1515/cogl.1996.7.4.359
[43] Lehrer, Adrienne (1998) Scapes, holics, and thons: The semantics of English combining forms. American Speech 72 (1), 3–28. | DOI 10.2307/455924
[44] Lehrer, Adrienne (2007) Blendalicious. In: Munat, Judith (ed.) Lexical Creativity, Texts and Contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 115–136.
[45] Lieber, Rochelle and Štekauer, Pavol (2009) The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. New York: Oxford University Press.
[46] López Rúa, Paula (2004) The categorical continuum of English blends. English Studies 85(1), 63–76. | DOI 10.1076/enst.85.1.63.29107
[47] López Rúa, Paula (2007) Keeping up with the times: lexical creativity in electronic communication. In: Munat, Judith (ed.) Lexical Creativity, Texts and Contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 137–159.
[48] Macmillan Dictionary (2020) https://www.macmillandictionary.com. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[49] Marchand, Hans (1969) The Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation: A Synchronic-Diachronic Approach. München: Beck.
[50] Mattiello, Elisa (2008) An Introduction to English Slang: A Description of its Morphology, Semantics and Sociology. Monza: Polimetrica International Scientific Publisher.
[51] Mattiello, Elisa (2013) Extra-Grammatical Morphology in English: Abbreviations, Blends, Reduplicatives, and Related Phenomena. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Mouton.
[52] Menchero de los Ríos, Carmen (2020, August 3) El desembarco de la "generación pandemial" en el ecosistema universitario. https://empresas.blogthinkbig.com/generacion-pandemial-y-papel-ecosistema-universitario/. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[53] Meshram, Manisha S. and Bisht, Ramila (2020, May 22) The coronapocalypse and sanitation workers in India. The Wire. https://thewire.in/rights/the-coronapocalypse-and-sanitation-workers-in-india. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[54] Miller, D. Gary (2014) English Lexicogenesis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[55] Monforte-Royo, Cristina and Fuster, Pilar (2020) Coronials: Nurses who graduated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Will they be better nurses? Nurse Educ Today 94, 1–3.
[56] Olsen, Susan (2000) Composition. In Booji, Geert, Lehmann, Christian and Mugdan, Joachim (ds.) Morphologie/Morphology: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Flexion und Wortbuildung/An International Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 897–916.
[57] Oxford English Dictionary. (2020, April 15) Corpus analysis of the language of Covid-19. Oxford English Dictionary. https://www.public.oed.com/blog/corpus-analysis-of-the-language-ofcovid-19. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[58] Plag, Ingo (2003) Word-Formation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[59] Renner, Vincent and Lalić-Krstin, Gordana (2011) Predicting stress assignment in lexical blends: the case of English and Serbian. In Tomomić, Nenad and Vujić, Jelena (eds.) ELLSIIR Proceedings. Belgrade: Publications of the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, 265–273.
[60] Rodríguez González, Félix (1996) Functions of Anglicisms in contemporary Spanish. Cahiers de Lexicologie 68, 107–128.
[61] Rodríguez González, Félix (forthcoming) Ironía y creaciones léxicas durante la pandemia del coronavirus. -.
[62] Roig-Marín, Amanda (2020) English-based coroneologisms. English Today (FirstView). http://www.doi.org/10.1017/S0266078420000255. Accessed on August 15, 2020. | DOI 10.1017/S0266078420000255
[63] Ronneberger-Sibold, Elke (2006) Lexical blends: Functionally tuning the transparency of complex words. Folia Linguistica 40 (1–2), 155–181. | DOI 10.1515/flin.40.1part2.155
[64] Schmid, Hans-Jörg (2011) English Morphology and Word-Formation. Second edition. Berlin: Erich Schmidt.
[65] Simpson, John A. and Proffitt, Michael (1990–) The Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[66] Steve, Oscar (2020, July 31) COVIDengue: cinco personas contrajeron dengue y COVID al mismo tiempo en México. http://www.xataka.com.mx/medicina-y-salud/covidengue-cinco-personas-contrajeron-dengue-covid-al-tiempo-mexico-esto-pasa-cuando-virus-imparables-se-encuentran. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[67] Thorne, Tony (2020, April 15) #CORONASPEAK – the language of Covid-19 goes viral. http://www.language-and-innovation.com/2020/04/15/coronaspeak-part-2-the-language-of-covid-19-goes-viral/. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[68] Times of India (2020, August 13) Kareena Kapoor and Saif Ali Khan to have a 'coronial' baby. Here's what it means. Times of India http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/parenting/pregnancy/kareena-kapoor-and-saif-ali-khan-to-have-a-coronial-baby-here-is-what-it-means/photostory/77521883.cms. Accessed on August 15, 2020.
[69] Warren, Beatrice (1990) The importance of combining forms. In Wolfgang U. Dressler, Hans C. Luschützky, Oscar E. Pfeiffer and John R. Rennison (Eds.) Contemporary Morphology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 111–132.