Title: Budoucnost Taiwanu očima Presbyteriánské církve na Taiwanu: politická angažovanost církve na online platformách
Variant title:
- The future of Taiwan from the perspective of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan: political activity of the church on online domains
Source document: Sacra. 2021, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 19-35
Extent
19-35
-
ISSN1214-5351 (print)2336-4483 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/144355
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
The aim of this paper is to show what discourse the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT) creates concerning the future direction of Taiwan while analyzing their authentic contributions on their official Facebook page and websites. Through the latter, the PCT comments daily on various political and social events taking place in Taiwan. The analysis focuses only on articles related to Taiwan's democratization and independence with the intention of understanding the PCT's stance on the future direction of Taiwan in the political sphere. The paper argues that the PCT is constantly inciting its commitment to a better future for Taiwan with its faith.
Note
Článek je založený na autorčině bakalářské práci obhájené v roce 2020 na Masarykově univerzitě v Brně.
References
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[2] Čína infiltruje a ničí taiwanskou demokracii. Presbyteriánská církev navrhuje zavést "obrannou demokracii". [Zhongguo shentou pohuai taiwan minzhu zhanglao jiaohui jianyi jianli 'fangwei xing minzhu'] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2644568?fbclid=IwAR1no4QuiwB0lfktmxlBRyqmxRry7PtqFqMQ7ZWOxUBYMzmfFSd8hm4lvhg.
[3] Jednota a odpovědnost. [Tuanjie duiwai zewupangdai] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/news_pct.aspx?strBlockID=B00006&strContentid=C2019010800004&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=news_pct&v=1.
[4] Kritika Číny za ničení taiwanské demokracie, Presbyteriánská církev vyzvala vládu k podpoře ústavní reformy. [Pi zhongguo pohuai taiwan minzhu zhanglao jiaohui yu zhengfu tuidong xian gai] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2673289?fbclid=IwAR1sMnKNW5jEQ3aina2auBtFNya0cpbMLcPwsNY0_egxbt-bS8Pu9cbqGhw.
[5] Odsuďte čínský "Mýtus o pokrevním příbuzenství" využívaný při snahách o připojení Taiwanu. [Denounce China's "Blood Relatives Myth" in Trying to Annex Taiwan] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/news_pct.aspx?strBlockID=B00006&strContentid=C2019013000005&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=news_pct&v=1.
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[12] Poznámky prezidenta ke 40. výročí "Zprávy pro krajany na Taiwanu" vydané čínským prezidentem Xi Jinpingem k objasnění postoje naší vlády. [Zongtong zhendui zhongguo guojia zhuxi xijinping fabiao 'gao taiwan tongbao shu' 40 zhounian jinian tanhua shuoming wo zhengfu lichang] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://www.president.gov.tw/NEWS/24002?fbclid=IwAR3hgqwJTZzOjLOde0N1jy374OYIHcxwcRgqKC9S5_4ZtwndxDeyMchkgA8.
[13] Prohlášení PCT prosazuje změnu Taiwanského zákonu o referendu za veřejný průzkum nezávislosti. [A PCT Statement Urging Taiwan Referendum Act Amended For Taiwan Independence Poll] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/enNews_tcn.aspx?strBlockID=B00177&strContentid=C2018102900003&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=enNews_tcn.
[14] Proslov Cai Yingwen. [Cai yingwen de jianghua] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://www.facebook.com/tsaiingwen/posts/10155583090781065.
[15] Vize PCT nové země se objevila v knize "Spusťte teologii budování Taiwanu jako země". [PCT's Vision Of A New Country Revealed In A Book Launch The Theology of Building Taiwan As A Country] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/enNews_tcn.aspx?strBlockID=B00177&strContentid=C2018111900003&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=enNews_tcn.
[16] Znepokojení místními oficiálními volbami a referendem roku 2018. [2018 Nian difang gongzhi renyuan xuanju ji gongmin toupiao huyu han] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/news_pct.aspx?strBlockID=B00006&strContentid=C2018110900003&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=news_pct&v=1.
[17] Amae, Y. (2012). Europeans and the Formation of a Presbyterian Enterprise: A Prototype of a Civic Taiwanese Nation? In J. Damm & P. Lim (Eds.), European Perspectives on Taiwan (pp. 46–65). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
[18] Amae, Y. (2008). Pioneers in Taiwan's Human Rights and Democracy: The Role of the Foreign Missionaries of Presbyterian Church in Taiwan. In L.G. Arrigo & L. Miles (Eds.), A Borrowed Voice: Taiwan Human Rights through International Networks, 1960–1980 (pp. 172–210). Taipei: Social Empowerment Alliance.
[19] Amae, Y. (2007). Taiwan's Exodus: The Presbyterian Church in Taiwanese Nationalism, 1945–1992. Disertační práce. University of Hawaii, Hawaii.
[20] Bakešová, I., Fürst, R., & Heřmanová, Z. (2004). Dějiny Taiwanu. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny.
[21] Beneš, V. (2008). Diskurzivní analýza. In P. Drulák (Ed.), Jak zkoumat politiku: Kvalitativní metodologie v politologii a mezinárodních vztazích (pp. 92–124). Praha: Portál.
[22] Cohen, M. J. (1987). One China or Two: Facing up to the Taiwan Question. World Policy Journal, 4(4), 621–649.
[23] Danics, Š. (2013). Politologicko-právní aspekty militantní demokracie. Business & IT, 2, 154–170.
[24] Fell, D. (2018). Government and Politics in Taiwan. New York: Routledge.
[25] Ferhat-Dana, S. (1998). The Democratic Progressive Party and Independence: An Issue on the Back Burner? China Perspectives, 19, 30–36.
[26] Frettingham, E. & Yih-Jye H. (2017). Religion and National Identity in Taiwan: State Formation and Moral Sensibilities. In C. Kuo (Ed.), Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies (pp. 339–372). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
[27] Fürst, R. (2004). Tchaj-wan – mladá čínská demokracie. Mezinárodní vztahy, 39(3), 5–21.
[28] Jacobs, J. B. (2012). How Taiwan Became Democratic. In J. B. Jacobs (Ed.), Democratizing Taiwan (pp. 5–18). Boston: Brill. | DOI 10.1163/9789004225909_003
[29] Jacobs, J. B. (1981). Political Opposition and Taiwan's Political Future. The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 6, 21–44. | DOI 10.2307/2159050
[30] Koesel, K. J. (2014). Introduction: The Politics of Religion. In K. J. Koesel (Ed.), Religion and Authoritarianism: Cooperation, Conflict, and the Consequences (pp. 1–12). New York: Cambridge University Press.
[31] Kuo, CH. (2008). Christianity. In CH. Kuo (Ed.), Religion and Democracy in Taiwan (pp. 35–54). New York: State University of New York Press.
[32] Lin, CH. L. (1999). The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and the Advocacy of Local Autonomy. Sino-Platonic Papers, 92, 1–153.
[33] Masláková, M. (2015). Presbyteriánska cirkev na Taiwane v rokov 1945–1987 a jej snaha o legitimizáciu politickej aktivity. Nový Orient, 70(3), 56–63.
[34] Masláková, M. (2018). Presbyteriánska cirkev na Taiwane-základné predstavenie cirkvi. Nový Orient, 73(2), 37–44.
[35] Proč jsou vztahy mezi Čínou a Tchaj-wanem tak napjaté. [Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense] (2021). Nalezeno [24.5.2012] na https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinataiwan-relations-tension-us-policy.
[36] Rubinstein, M. A. (2006). The Presbyterian Church in the Formation of Taiwan's Democratic Society, 1945–2004. In D. A. Brown & T. Cheng (Eds.), Religious Organizations and Democratization: Case Studies from Contemporary Asia (pp. 109–135). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
[37] Vysvětlení místních voleb na Taiwanu. [Taiwan's local elections, explained] (2018). Nalezeno [24.5.2021] na https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/12/05/taiwans-local-elections-explained/.
[38] Výborný, Š. (2012). Koncept bránící se demokracie v judikatuře Ústavního soudu ČR. Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi, 20(2), 157–163.
[2] Čína infiltruje a ničí taiwanskou demokracii. Presbyteriánská církev navrhuje zavést "obrannou demokracii". [Zhongguo shentou pohuai taiwan minzhu zhanglao jiaohui jianyi jianli 'fangwei xing minzhu'] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2644568?fbclid=IwAR1no4QuiwB0lfktmxlBRyqmxRry7PtqFqMQ7ZWOxUBYMzmfFSd8hm4lvhg.
[3] Jednota a odpovědnost. [Tuanjie duiwai zewupangdai] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/news_pct.aspx?strBlockID=B00006&strContentid=C2019010800004&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=news_pct&v=1.
[4] Kritika Číny za ničení taiwanské demokracie, Presbyteriánská církev vyzvala vládu k podpoře ústavní reformy. [Pi zhongguo pohuai taiwan minzhu zhanglao jiaohui yu zhengfu tuidong xian gai] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2673289?fbclid=IwAR1sMnKNW5jEQ3aina2auBtFNya0cpbMLcPwsNY0_egxbt-bS8Pu9cbqGhw.
[5] Odsuďte čínský "Mýtus o pokrevním příbuzenství" využívaný při snahách o připojení Taiwanu. [Denounce China's "Blood Relatives Myth" in Trying to Annex Taiwan] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/news_pct.aspx?strBlockID=B00006&strContentid=C2019013000005&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=news_pct&v=1.
[6] Otevřený dopis PCT Taiwanu: Pojďme kupředu v demokracii s láskou a tolerancí. [PCT Open Letter to Taiwan Let's March Forward In Democracy With Love and Tolerance] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/enNews_tcn.aspx?strBlockID=B00177&strContentid=C2019010300009&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=enNews_tcn.
[7] Peng Mingmin: "Taiwan nelze nazývat demokratickou zemí!". [Peng Ming-min: "Taiwan cannot be called a democratic country!"] (2012). Nalezeno [24.5.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/enNews_tcn.aspx?strBlockID=B00177&strContentID=C2012051400012&strDesc=&strSiteID=&strPub=&strCTID=&strASP=enNews_tcn.
[8] Presbyteriánská církev na Taiwanu [Taiwan jidu zhanglao jiaohui] (2000b). Nalezeno [7.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/.
[9] Presbyteriánská církev na Taiwanu [Taiwan jidu zhanglao jiaohui]. In Facebook (2000c). Nalezeno [5.2.2021] na https://www.facebook.com/pg/1865ct/posts/.
[10] Presbyteriánská církev na Taiwanu [The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan] (2000a). Nalezeno [7.2.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/.
[11] Presbyteriánská církev odmítá jednu zemi, dva systémy a KMT je opovrženíhodná. [Jidu zhanglao jiaohui jujue yiguoliangzhi buchi guomindang beigongquxi] (2019e). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2008445?fbclid=IwAR1kJLlARmruqDGq2uqO45AGWHzrDrs_kkjML_iI4I5NSnxr3HuCLePTqo.
[12] Poznámky prezidenta ke 40. výročí "Zprávy pro krajany na Taiwanu" vydané čínským prezidentem Xi Jinpingem k objasnění postoje naší vlády. [Zongtong zhendui zhongguo guojia zhuxi xijinping fabiao 'gao taiwan tongbao shu' 40 zhounian jinian tanhua shuoming wo zhengfu lichang] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://www.president.gov.tw/NEWS/24002?fbclid=IwAR3hgqwJTZzOjLOde0N1jy374OYIHcxwcRgqKC9S5_4ZtwndxDeyMchkgA8.
[13] Prohlášení PCT prosazuje změnu Taiwanského zákonu o referendu za veřejný průzkum nezávislosti. [A PCT Statement Urging Taiwan Referendum Act Amended For Taiwan Independence Poll] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/enNews_tcn.aspx?strBlockID=B00177&strContentid=C2018102900003&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=enNews_tcn.
[14] Proslov Cai Yingwen. [Cai yingwen de jianghua] (2019). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na https://www.facebook.com/tsaiingwen/posts/10155583090781065.
[15] Vize PCT nové země se objevila v knize "Spusťte teologii budování Taiwanu jako země". [PCT's Vision Of A New Country Revealed In A Book Launch The Theology of Building Taiwan As A Country] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://english.pct.org.tw/enNews_tcn.aspx?strBlockID=B00177&strContentid=C2018111900003&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=enNews_tcn.
[16] Znepokojení místními oficiálními volbami a referendem roku 2018. [2018 Nian difang gongzhi renyuan xuanju ji gongmin toupiao huyu han] (2018). Nalezeno [2.2.2021] na http://www.pct.org.tw/news_pct.aspx?strBlockID=B00006&strContentid=C2018110900003&strCTID=&strDesc=Y&strPub=&strASP=news_pct&v=1.
[17] Amae, Y. (2012). Europeans and the Formation of a Presbyterian Enterprise: A Prototype of a Civic Taiwanese Nation? In J. Damm & P. Lim (Eds.), European Perspectives on Taiwan (pp. 46–65). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
[18] Amae, Y. (2008). Pioneers in Taiwan's Human Rights and Democracy: The Role of the Foreign Missionaries of Presbyterian Church in Taiwan. In L.G. Arrigo & L. Miles (Eds.), A Borrowed Voice: Taiwan Human Rights through International Networks, 1960–1980 (pp. 172–210). Taipei: Social Empowerment Alliance.
[19] Amae, Y. (2007). Taiwan's Exodus: The Presbyterian Church in Taiwanese Nationalism, 1945–1992. Disertační práce. University of Hawaii, Hawaii.
[20] Bakešová, I., Fürst, R., & Heřmanová, Z. (2004). Dějiny Taiwanu. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny.
[21] Beneš, V. (2008). Diskurzivní analýza. In P. Drulák (Ed.), Jak zkoumat politiku: Kvalitativní metodologie v politologii a mezinárodních vztazích (pp. 92–124). Praha: Portál.
[22] Cohen, M. J. (1987). One China or Two: Facing up to the Taiwan Question. World Policy Journal, 4(4), 621–649.
[23] Danics, Š. (2013). Politologicko-právní aspekty militantní demokracie. Business & IT, 2, 154–170.
[24] Fell, D. (2018). Government and Politics in Taiwan. New York: Routledge.
[25] Ferhat-Dana, S. (1998). The Democratic Progressive Party and Independence: An Issue on the Back Burner? China Perspectives, 19, 30–36.
[26] Frettingham, E. & Yih-Jye H. (2017). Religion and National Identity in Taiwan: State Formation and Moral Sensibilities. In C. Kuo (Ed.), Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies (pp. 339–372). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
[27] Fürst, R. (2004). Tchaj-wan – mladá čínská demokracie. Mezinárodní vztahy, 39(3), 5–21.
[28] Jacobs, J. B. (2012). How Taiwan Became Democratic. In J. B. Jacobs (Ed.), Democratizing Taiwan (pp. 5–18). Boston: Brill. | DOI 10.1163/9789004225909_003
[29] Jacobs, J. B. (1981). Political Opposition and Taiwan's Political Future. The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 6, 21–44. | DOI 10.2307/2159050
[30] Koesel, K. J. (2014). Introduction: The Politics of Religion. In K. J. Koesel (Ed.), Religion and Authoritarianism: Cooperation, Conflict, and the Consequences (pp. 1–12). New York: Cambridge University Press.
[31] Kuo, CH. (2008). Christianity. In CH. Kuo (Ed.), Religion and Democracy in Taiwan (pp. 35–54). New York: State University of New York Press.
[32] Lin, CH. L. (1999). The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and the Advocacy of Local Autonomy. Sino-Platonic Papers, 92, 1–153.
[33] Masláková, M. (2015). Presbyteriánska cirkev na Taiwane v rokov 1945–1987 a jej snaha o legitimizáciu politickej aktivity. Nový Orient, 70(3), 56–63.
[34] Masláková, M. (2018). Presbyteriánska cirkev na Taiwane-základné predstavenie cirkvi. Nový Orient, 73(2), 37–44.
[35] Proč jsou vztahy mezi Čínou a Tchaj-wanem tak napjaté. [Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense] (2021). Nalezeno [24.5.2012] na https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinataiwan-relations-tension-us-policy.
[36] Rubinstein, M. A. (2006). The Presbyterian Church in the Formation of Taiwan's Democratic Society, 1945–2004. In D. A. Brown & T. Cheng (Eds.), Religious Organizations and Democratization: Case Studies from Contemporary Asia (pp. 109–135). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
[37] Vysvětlení místních voleb na Taiwanu. [Taiwan's local elections, explained] (2018). Nalezeno [24.5.2021] na https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/12/05/taiwans-local-elections-explained/.
[38] Výborný, Š. (2012). Koncept bránící se demokracie v judikatuře Ústavního soudu ČR. Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi, 20(2), 157–163.