Title: Unpacking the norms of Atticism : impersonal modality and the negotiation of overt prestige in Atticist lexicographers
Source document: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2024, vol. 29, iss. 2, pp. 59-77
Extent
59-77
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2024-2-6
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.80765
Type: Article
Language
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Rights access
open access
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Though the Atticist lexica have often been seen as 'codifying' a prestige variety, there have been very few studies of the specific ways in which Atticist lexica linguistically establish and accord overt prestige, i.e. a higher perceived social status of language use as recognized explicitly within a community. Therefore, we demonstrate that impersonal deontic modal expressions (forms of δεῖ and χρή) are used by the Atticist lexicographers in three ways to record usage norms with overt prestige: (1) report norms with overt prestige (incl. via negative association with social groups), (2) construct norms with overt prestige, and (3) negotiate norms with overt prestige. Our findings attest to a significant diversity within Atticist lexicography with regard to overt prestige: Aelius Dionysius and Pausanias (based on the limited material) seem to almost exclusively report norms, whereas Phrynichus reports, constructs and negotiates norms, and the Antiatticist exclusively (re)negotiates norms.
References
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[25] Sairio, A., & Palander‐Collin, M. (2012). The Reconstruction of Prestige Patterns in Language History. In J. M. Hernández‐Campoy, & J. C. Conde‐Silvestre (Eds.), The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics (pp. 626–638). Chichester, West Sussex, UK – Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
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[29] Tribulato, O. (2022). Photius, Ἀναλφάβητος and Atticist Lexica. The Classical Quarterly, 72(2), 914–933 [online available at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009838821001038; accessed 26.09.2024].
[30] Valente, S. (2015). The Antiatticist: introduction and critical edition. Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter.
[31] Yule, G. (2010). The study of language (4th ed.). Cambridge, UK – New York: Cambridge University Press.
[2] Bergs, A. (2012). The Uniformitarian Principle and the Risk of Anachronisms in Language and Social History. In J. M. Hernández‐Campoy, & J. C. Conde‐Silvestre (Eds.), The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics (pp. 80–98). Chichester, West Sussex, UK – Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
[3] von Borries, J. (1911). Sophistikē proparaskeuē: Phrynichi sophistae Praeparatio sophistica. Lipsiae: Teubneri.
[4] Clackson, J. (2015). Language and society in the Greek and Roman worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[5] Dickey, E. (2007). Ancient Greek scholarship: a guide to finding, reading, and understanding scholia, commentaries, lexica, and grammatical treatises, from their beginnings to the Byzantine period. New York: Oxford University Press.
[6] Erbse, H. (1950). Untersuchungen zu den attizistischen Lexika. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
[7] Fischer, E. (1974). Die Ekloge des Phrynichos. Berlin: de Gruyter.
[8] Hansen, D. U. (1998). Das attizistische Lexikon des Moeris. Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter.
[9] Horrocks, G. C. (2010). Greek: a history of the language and its speakers. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
[10] Huitink, L., & Rood, T. (2020). Xenophon de Halbattiker?: Xenophons woordenschat, "zuiver" Attisch en de ontwikkeling van de Griekse historiografie. Lampas, 53, 420–436 [online available at https://doi.org/10.5117/LAM2020.4.003.HUTT; accessed 26.09.2024].
[11] Kim, L. (2010). The Literary Heritage as Language: Atticism and the Second Sophistic. In E. J. Bakker (Ed.), A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language (pp. 468–482). Chichester, West Sussex, UK – Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
[12] Kim, L. (2017). Atticism and Asianism. In D. S. Richter, & W. A. Johnson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook to the Second Sophisti (pp. 41–66). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[13] Latte, K. (1952). Erbse 1950 Untersuchungen Zu Den Attizistischen Lexika. Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 45(1), 394–397 [online available at https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1952.45.1.59; accessed 26.09.2024].
[14] Lobeck, C. A. (1820). Phrynichi Eclogae nominum et verborum atticorum. Lipsiae: Weidmann.
[15] Matthaios, S. (2013). Pollux' Onomastikon im Kontext der attizistischen Lexikographie. Gruppen "anonymer Sprecher" und ihre Stellung in der Sprachgeschichte und Stilistik. In C. Maudit (Ed.), L'Onomasticon de Pollux: aspects culturels, rhétoriques et lexicographiques (pp. 67–140). Lyon: Diffusion De Boccard.
[16] Matthaios, S. (2015a). Greek Scholarship in the Imperial Era and Late Antiquity. In F. Montanari, S. Matthaios, & A. Rengakos (Eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship (pp. 184–296). Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[17] Matthaios, S. (2015b). Zur Typologie des Publikums in der Zweiten Sophistik nach dem Zeugnis der Attizisten: 'Zeitgenössische' Sprechergruppen im Onomastikon des Pollux. In M. Tziatzi et al. (Eds.), Lemmata. Beiträge zum Gedenken an Christos Theodoridis (pp. 286–313). Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter.
[18] Milroy, J. (2012). Sociolinguistics and Ideologies in Language History. In J. M. Hernández‐Campoy, & J. C. Conde‐Silvestre (Eds.), The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics (pp. 569–584). Chichester, West Sussex, UK – Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
[19] van Ostade, I. T.-B. (2011). The bishop's grammar: Robert Lowth and the rise of prescriptivism in English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[20] la Roi, E. (2022a). The Atticist lexica as metalinguistic resource for morphosyntactic change in Post-Classical Greek. Journal of Greek Linguistics, 22(2), 199–231 [online available at https://doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02202001; accessed 26.09.2024].
[21] la Roi, E. (2022b). Weaving together the diverse threads of category change: Intersubjective ἀμέλει "of course" and imperative particles in Ancient Greek. Diachronica, 39(2), 159–192 [online available at https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.20031.lar; accessed 26.09.2024].
[22] la Roi, E. (2024). Counterfactuals in Post-Classical Greek. In G. Giannakis, P. Filos, M. Janse, B. D. Joseph, & I. Manolessou (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Greek Language and Linguistics. Brill [online available at https://doi.org/10.1163/2666-6421_GLLO_COM_056735; accessed 26.09.2024].
[23] Roumanis, E., & Bentein, K. (2023). The power of judgement: a comparison of evaluative stance in the Atticist Lexica of Phrynichus and Moeris. Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, 101, 5–32.
[24] Rutherford, W. G. (1881). The new Phrynichus: Being a revised text of the Ecloga of the grammarian Phrynichus. Hildesheim: G. Olms.
[25] Sairio, A., & Palander‐Collin, M. (2012). The Reconstruction of Prestige Patterns in Language History. In J. M. Hernández‐Campoy, & J. C. Conde‐Silvestre (Eds.), The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics (pp. 626–638). Chichester, West Sussex, UK – Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
[26] Tosi, R. (2015). Typology of Lexicographical Works. In F. Montanari, S. Matthaios, & A. Rengakos (Eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship (pp. 622–636). Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[27] Tosi, R. (2013). Onomastique et lexicographie: Pollux et Phrynichos. In C. Maudit (Ed.), L'Onomasticon de Pollux: aspects culturels, rhétoriques et lexicographiques (pp. 141–146). Lyon: Diffusion De Boccard.
[28] Tribulato, O. (2013). "Not even Menander would use this word!": Perceptions of Menander's Language in Greek Lexicography. In A. Sommerstein (Ed.), Menander in Contexts (pp. 215–230). New York: Routhledge.
[29] Tribulato, O. (2022). Photius, Ἀναλφάβητος and Atticist Lexica. The Classical Quarterly, 72(2), 914–933 [online available at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009838821001038; accessed 26.09.2024].
[30] Valente, S. (2015). The Antiatticist: introduction and critical edition. Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter.
[31] Yule, G. (2010). The study of language (4th ed.). Cambridge, UK – New York: Cambridge University Press.