Název: Lachmann's law (part 2)
Zdrojový dokument: Linguistica Brunensia. 2013, roč. 61, č. 1-2, s. [3]-14
Rozsah
[3]-14
-
ISSN1803-7410 (print)2336-4440 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/127146
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
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Abstrakt(y)
According to the Bifurcation hypothesis, the glottal stop developed into glottalization in Balto-Slavic and lengthened the vowel nucleus in Latin. This idea has already been proposed by Kortlandt, but my explanation tries to show how and why it works. In the same syllabic structures where the both laws can be observed, the different development is due to the differently ranked *Vʔ constraint. Apart from this, Latin also faces closed syllable effect caused by moraic coda which apparently causes no lengthening. But the total weight in the bisyllabic structures remains the same and in the "ēsus" example the whole syllabic structure is also resyllabified. Lachmann's and Winter's laws are examples of how a common syllable structure develops differently in separate languages.
Reference
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[2] Baldi, P. 1991. Lachmann's law in the light of the glottalic theory of PIE consonantism. New studies in Latin linguistics, ed. Coleman, R., Benjamins, J., 3–21.
[3] Beekes, R. S. P. 1995. Comparative Indo-European linguistics. An introduction. J.Benjamins: Amsterdam.
[4] Bethin, C. Y. 2003. Metrical Quantity in Czech: Evidence from Hypocoristics. Formal Approachesto Slavic Linguistics 11: The Amherst Meeting, ed. Browne W. et al., Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Materials, 63–82.
[5] Bezlaj 1–4: Bezlaj, F. 1976–2005. Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika 1–4. Ljubljana.
[6] Chantraine: Chantraine, P. 1968–1980. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue greque. Paris, Klincksieck.
[7] Cheung, J. 2007. Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb. Leiden: Brill.
[8] Collinge, N. E. 1975. Lachmann's law revisited. Folia Linguistica, VIII–1–4, 223–243.
[9] Collinge, N. E. 1985. The laws of Indo-European., Amsterdam/Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.
[10] DELL: Ernout, A. – Meillet, A. 1951. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine. 3. éd., Paris: Klincksieck.
[11] Derksen, R. 2008. Etymological dictionary of the Slavic inherited lexicon. Leiden:Brill.
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[13] Drinka, B. 1991. Lachmann's law: A phonological solution., IF, 91, 52–74.
[14] ESJS: Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského 1–13. Praha: Academia, 1989–2006.
[15] EWAi: Mayrhofer, M. 1986–1996. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen 1–2. Heidelberg: Winter.
[16] Foley, J. 1969. An interpretation of Lachmann's law. Actes du Xe Congrès des Linguistes, Bucharest 1967. Académie de Roumaine, 133–137.
[17] Foley, J. 1977. Foundations of theoretical phonology. CUP.
[18] Frisk: Frisk, H. 1960–1970. Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch I, II. Heidelberg: Winter.
[19] Hoffner, H. A. – Melchert, H. C. 2008. A grammar of the Hittite language, Part 1: Reference grammar. Eisenbrauns.
[20] IEW: Pokorny, J. 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch I, II., Tübingen und Basel: Francke Verlag, 1959/2005.
[21] Jasanoff, J. 2004. Plus ça change...: Lachmann's law in Latin. Indo-European perspectives. Studies in honour of Anna Morpugo Davis. ed. Penney, J.H.W., OUP, 405–416.
[22] Joseph, B. 1979. Lachmann's law once again., Linguistic Inquiry, 10/2, 363–365.
[23] Kager, R. 1999. Optimality theory. Cambridge university press.
[24] Kent, R. G. 1928. Lachmann's law of vowel lengthening. Language, 4, 181–190. | DOI 10.2307/409388
[25] KEWA: Mayrhofer, M. 1956–1980. Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen 1–3. Heidelberg: Winter.
[26] Kloekhorst, A. 2008. Etymological dictionary of the Hittite inherited lexicon. Leiden: Brill.
[27] Kortlandt, F. 1989. Lachmann's law. in Vennemann, T (ed): The new sound of Indo-European., Mouton de Gruyter, 103–105
[28] Kortlandt, F. 1999. Lachmann's law again. Language change and typological variation: In honor of Winfred P. Lehmann on the occasion of his 83rd birthday, Vol. I: Language change and typology. Washington: Institute for the study of man, 246–248.
[29] Kortlandt, F. 2007. Italo-Celtic. in Kortlandt, F. Italo-Celtic origins and prehistoric development of the Irish language. Rodopi, 149–158.
[30] Kuryłowicz, J. 1968. A remark on Lachmann's law. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 72, 295–299. | DOI 10.2307/311084
[31] Lehmann, W. P. 1986. A Gothic etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
[32] LIV: Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben. Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen. hgsb. Rix, H. et al., 2. Aufl., Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2001.
[33] Lombardi, L. 1995. Restrictions on direction of voicing assimilation: an OT account. University of Maryland working papers in linguistics, 3, 89–115.
[34] Lombardi, L. 1999. Positional faithfulness and voicing assimilation in Optimality Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic theory, 17, 267–302. | DOI 10.1023/A:1006182130229
[35] Lubotsky, A. M. 1981. Gr. pḗgnūmi: Skt. pajrá- and loss of laryngeals before mediae in Indo-Iranian., Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, 40, 1981, 133–138.
[36] Maniet, A. 1956. La "loi de Lachmann" et les antinomies de l'allongement compensatoire. Hommages à Max Niedermann. Bruxelles, 230–237.
[37] Matasovič, R. 2009. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill.
[38] Meiser, G. 1998/2010. Historische Laut-und Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache. Darmstadt:Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1998., 3. Aufl. 2010.
[39] NIL: Wodtko, D. S. – Irslinger, B. – Schneider, C. 2008. Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon. Heidelberg: Winter, 2008.
[40] Osthoff, H. 1884. Zur Geschichte des Perfekts im Indogermanischen. Strassburg.
[41] Otkupščikov, J. V. 1984. Zakon Lachmana v svete indoevropejskich dannych. Gipotezy i fakty. VJa, 2, 83–90.
[42] Puhvel: Puhvel, J. 1984. Hittite etymological dictionary. Berlin, New York.
[43] Perini, M. A. 1978. The latest note on Lachmann's law. Linguistic Inquiry, 9, 144–146.
[44] Schrijver, P. 1991. The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin., Rodopi.
[45] Sihler, A. L. 1995. New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin. OUP.
[46] Smoczyński, W. 2007. Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego. Vilnius.
[47] Snoj, M. 2003. Slovenski etimološki slovar. 2. izd., Ljubljana.
[48] Stephens, L. 1979. Once again Lachmann's law. Linguistic Inquiry, 10, 365–369.
[49] Strunk, K. 1976. Lachmanns Regel für das Lateinische. Eine Revision. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
[50] Tischler, J. 1983–1994. Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar. Innsbruck.
[51] de Vaan, M. 2008 Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden: Brill.
[52] Vasmer 1–4: Vasmer, M. 1986–1987. Etimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka 1–4. Moskva.
[53] Weiss, M. 2009. Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin. Ann Arbor-New York: Beech Stave Press.
[54] Watkins, C. 1968. A further remark on Lachmann's law. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 72, 295–299. | DOI 10.2307/311084
[55] Zaliznjak, A. A. 1985. Ot praslavjanskoj akcentuacii k russkoj., Moskva: Nauka.
[2] Baldi, P. 1991. Lachmann's law in the light of the glottalic theory of PIE consonantism. New studies in Latin linguistics, ed. Coleman, R., Benjamins, J., 3–21.
[3] Beekes, R. S. P. 1995. Comparative Indo-European linguistics. An introduction. J.Benjamins: Amsterdam.
[4] Bethin, C. Y. 2003. Metrical Quantity in Czech: Evidence from Hypocoristics. Formal Approachesto Slavic Linguistics 11: The Amherst Meeting, ed. Browne W. et al., Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Materials, 63–82.
[5] Bezlaj 1–4: Bezlaj, F. 1976–2005. Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika 1–4. Ljubljana.
[6] Chantraine: Chantraine, P. 1968–1980. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue greque. Paris, Klincksieck.
[7] Cheung, J. 2007. Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb. Leiden: Brill.
[8] Collinge, N. E. 1975. Lachmann's law revisited. Folia Linguistica, VIII–1–4, 223–243.
[9] Collinge, N. E. 1985. The laws of Indo-European., Amsterdam/Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.
[10] DELL: Ernout, A. – Meillet, A. 1951. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine. 3. éd., Paris: Klincksieck.
[11] Derksen, R. 2008. Etymological dictionary of the Slavic inherited lexicon. Leiden:Brill.
[12] Drachman, G. 1980. Phonological asymmetry adn phonological analogy: or, will the real Lachmann's law will please stand up. Lautgeschichte und Etymologie. ed. Mayrhofer, M. et al, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 79–101.
[13] Drinka, B. 1991. Lachmann's law: A phonological solution., IF, 91, 52–74.
[14] ESJS: Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského 1–13. Praha: Academia, 1989–2006.
[15] EWAi: Mayrhofer, M. 1986–1996. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen 1–2. Heidelberg: Winter.
[16] Foley, J. 1969. An interpretation of Lachmann's law. Actes du Xe Congrès des Linguistes, Bucharest 1967. Académie de Roumaine, 133–137.
[17] Foley, J. 1977. Foundations of theoretical phonology. CUP.
[18] Frisk: Frisk, H. 1960–1970. Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch I, II. Heidelberg: Winter.
[19] Hoffner, H. A. – Melchert, H. C. 2008. A grammar of the Hittite language, Part 1: Reference grammar. Eisenbrauns.
[20] IEW: Pokorny, J. 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch I, II., Tübingen und Basel: Francke Verlag, 1959/2005.
[21] Jasanoff, J. 2004. Plus ça change...: Lachmann's law in Latin. Indo-European perspectives. Studies in honour of Anna Morpugo Davis. ed. Penney, J.H.W., OUP, 405–416.
[22] Joseph, B. 1979. Lachmann's law once again., Linguistic Inquiry, 10/2, 363–365.
[23] Kager, R. 1999. Optimality theory. Cambridge university press.
[24] Kent, R. G. 1928. Lachmann's law of vowel lengthening. Language, 4, 181–190. | DOI 10.2307/409388
[25] KEWA: Mayrhofer, M. 1956–1980. Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen 1–3. Heidelberg: Winter.
[26] Kloekhorst, A. 2008. Etymological dictionary of the Hittite inherited lexicon. Leiden: Brill.
[27] Kortlandt, F. 1989. Lachmann's law. in Vennemann, T (ed): The new sound of Indo-European., Mouton de Gruyter, 103–105
[28] Kortlandt, F. 1999. Lachmann's law again. Language change and typological variation: In honor of Winfred P. Lehmann on the occasion of his 83rd birthday, Vol. I: Language change and typology. Washington: Institute for the study of man, 246–248.
[29] Kortlandt, F. 2007. Italo-Celtic. in Kortlandt, F. Italo-Celtic origins and prehistoric development of the Irish language. Rodopi, 149–158.
[30] Kuryłowicz, J. 1968. A remark on Lachmann's law. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 72, 295–299. | DOI 10.2307/311084
[31] Lehmann, W. P. 1986. A Gothic etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
[32] LIV: Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben. Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen. hgsb. Rix, H. et al., 2. Aufl., Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2001.
[33] Lombardi, L. 1995. Restrictions on direction of voicing assimilation: an OT account. University of Maryland working papers in linguistics, 3, 89–115.
[34] Lombardi, L. 1999. Positional faithfulness and voicing assimilation in Optimality Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic theory, 17, 267–302. | DOI 10.1023/A:1006182130229
[35] Lubotsky, A. M. 1981. Gr. pḗgnūmi: Skt. pajrá- and loss of laryngeals before mediae in Indo-Iranian., Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, 40, 1981, 133–138.
[36] Maniet, A. 1956. La "loi de Lachmann" et les antinomies de l'allongement compensatoire. Hommages à Max Niedermann. Bruxelles, 230–237.
[37] Matasovič, R. 2009. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill.
[38] Meiser, G. 1998/2010. Historische Laut-und Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache. Darmstadt:Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1998., 3. Aufl. 2010.
[39] NIL: Wodtko, D. S. – Irslinger, B. – Schneider, C. 2008. Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon. Heidelberg: Winter, 2008.
[40] Osthoff, H. 1884. Zur Geschichte des Perfekts im Indogermanischen. Strassburg.
[41] Otkupščikov, J. V. 1984. Zakon Lachmana v svete indoevropejskich dannych. Gipotezy i fakty. VJa, 2, 83–90.
[42] Puhvel: Puhvel, J. 1984. Hittite etymological dictionary. Berlin, New York.
[43] Perini, M. A. 1978. The latest note on Lachmann's law. Linguistic Inquiry, 9, 144–146.
[44] Schrijver, P. 1991. The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin., Rodopi.
[45] Sihler, A. L. 1995. New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin. OUP.
[46] Smoczyński, W. 2007. Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego. Vilnius.
[47] Snoj, M. 2003. Slovenski etimološki slovar. 2. izd., Ljubljana.
[48] Stephens, L. 1979. Once again Lachmann's law. Linguistic Inquiry, 10, 365–369.
[49] Strunk, K. 1976. Lachmanns Regel für das Lateinische. Eine Revision. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
[50] Tischler, J. 1983–1994. Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar. Innsbruck.
[51] de Vaan, M. 2008 Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages. Leiden: Brill.
[52] Vasmer 1–4: Vasmer, M. 1986–1987. Etimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka 1–4. Moskva.
[53] Weiss, M. 2009. Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin. Ann Arbor-New York: Beech Stave Press.
[54] Watkins, C. 1968. A further remark on Lachmann's law. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 72, 295–299. | DOI 10.2307/311084
[55] Zaliznjak, A. A. 1985. Ot praslavjanskoj akcentuacii k russkoj., Moskva: Nauka.