Název: Humanity's transhuman future and the ethics of the Other in Dan Simmons' Hyperion Cantos
Variantní název:
- Transhumánní budoucnost lidstva a etika Jiného v Kantos Hyperionu Dana Simmonse
Zdrojový dokument: Bohemica litteraria. 2015, roč. 18, č. 2, s. 44-58
Rozsah
44-58
-
ISSN1213-2144 (print)2336-4394 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/135002
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Přístupová práva
přístupné po uplynutí embarga
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Dan Simmons' series of books – Hyperion, The Fall of Hyperion, Endymion and The Rise of Endymion – extrapolates from the present of an increasing impact of bio- and nanotechnologies on our species to the yet unknown future of an evolution towards the transhuman and the posthuman. The ontological dimension of such a hypothetical evolution of humankind has been sometimes more and sometimes less enthusiastically treated by such trans- and post-humanity critics as Vernor Vinge, Hans Moravec, Ray Kurzweil, Nick Bostrom, Michio Kaku and Katherine Hayles. The objective of this paper is to draw attention to ethical issues brought up by Simmons that ensue from the fact that the conjectural bifurcation of mankind into the old style and new style humans (including man-created AI independent entities) would position the latter as the former's Other. Historically, moral obligations of members of a particular group or culture toward one another have been predicated on the idea of sameness which privileges those who are like us and disprivileges those who are different. Would the relationship of sameness still hold if humanity underwent a radical ontological shift, becoming at least in its part its own Other? As Simmons suggests, it would not, which would have to lead to a war of attrition, each against all. The author of The Hyperion Cantos speculates on the above mentioned problem positing that humanity's salvation lies in changing the attitude of confrontation to one of consensus and, in a Levinasian manner, rejecting the exclusive ethics of sameness while embracing the all-inclusive ethics of alterity.
Románová série Dana Simmonse – Hyperion, Pád Hyperionu, Endymion a Vzestup Endymionu – extrapoluje v současnosti vzrůstající vliv bio- a nanotechnologií na lidstvo v dosud neznámé budoucnosti, v níž se vyvíjí směrem k transhumanismu a posthumanismu. Ontologickým rozměrem takovéto hypotetické evoluce lidstva se někdy více a někdy méně nadšeně zaobírali kritici transa posthumanismu, mezi nimi Vernor Vinge, Hans Moravec, Ray Kurzweil, Nick Bostrom, Michio Kaku a Katherine Haylesová. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je upozornit na Simmonsem vznášené etické otázky, které vyplývají ze skutečnosti, že hypotetické rozdvojení lidstva do starého a nového typu člověka (zahrnujícího i člověkem vytvořené umělé inteligence jako nezávislé subjekty) by druhý typ umístilo do pozice Jiného/cizího. Historicky, morální povinnosti členů určité skupiny nebo kultury mezi sebou byly založeny na myšlence stejnosti, která upřednostňuje ty, kteří jsou jako my, a opomíjí ty, kteří se odlišují. Byl by vztah založený na příbuznosti udržitelný i v případě, že lidstvo prodělá radikální ontologický posun a alespoň jeho část se stane Jiným? Simmons napovídá, že nikoli, což by mohlo vést k vyhlazovací válce všech proti všem. Autor Kantos Hyperionu spekuluje, že spása lidstva spočívá ve změně postoje od konfrontace ke konsenzu a, v duchu filozofie Emmanuela Lévinase, v odmítnutí exkluzivní etiky stejnosti a v přijetí všezahrnující etiky odlišnosti.
Reference
[1] King James Bible. Online Authorized Version (KJV) http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org [Accessed: 4 February 2015]
[2] PLATO, 2013. Timaeus. Translated by Benjamin Jowett http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/physis/plato-timaeus/default.asp [Accessed 7 February]
[3] SIMMONS, Dan, 2005. Hyperion (London: Gollancz)
[4] SIMMONS, Dan, 1995. The Fall of Hyperion (New York: Bantam Spectra Books)
[5] SIMMONS, Dan, 2006a. Endymion (London: Gollancz)
[6] SIMMONS, Dan, 2006b. The Rise of Endymion (London: Gollancz)
[7] BERGMAN, Jerry, 1993. "Ota Benga: The Story of the Pygmy on Display in a Zoo", CRS Quarterly. Volume 30, Number 3, December http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/30/otabenga.html [Accessed: 12 January 2015]
[8] BOSTROM, Nick, 2005. A History of Transhumanist Thought http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/history.pdf [Accessed: 15 January 2015]
[9] DERRIDA, Jacques, 1995. "Khōra"; in Thomas Dutoit (ed.): On the Name. David Wood, John P. Leavey, Jr. and Ian McLeod (transl.) (Meridian. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press), pp. 89–150
[10] DERRIDA, Jacques, 2002. "The Deconstructions of Actuality", in Negotiations: Interventions and Interviews, 1971–2001 (Stanford: Stanford University Press)
[11] GONZALES, Francisco, 2011. "Ethics in Business and Finance: The Great Post-Crisis Challenge", in Francisco Gonzales (ed.): Values and Ethics for the 21st Century (Madrid: BBVA)
[12] GRISHAKOVA, Marina – TOMBERG, Jaak – PÄRN, Katre, 2008. "The interview with Brian McHale, Distinguished Humanities Professor (The Ohio State University)." October 19-December 4, 2008 in Hortus Semioticus, no 3 http://www.ut.ee/hortussemioticus/1_2008/mchale.html [Accessed: 17 January 2015]
[13] HAYLES, Katherine, 1999. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)
[14] JAMESON, Frederic, 2005. Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions (London: Verso)
[15] KAKU, Michio, 2014. The Future of the Mind: The Scientific Quest to Understand, Enhance, and Empower the Mind (New York: Doubleday)
[16] KURZWEIL, Ray, 2001. "The Law of Accelerating Returns" http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns [Accessed: 30 January 2015]
[17] LEVINAS, Emmanuel, 2006. Humanism of the Other (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press)
[18] LEVINAS, Emmanuel, 1996. Proper Names (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press)
[19] NEUSNER, Jacob – CHILTON, Bruce, 2009. The Golden Rule: Analytical Perspectives (Michigan: University of Michigan Press)
[20] STRUHL, Karsten J., 2007. "Is a Global Ethic Possible?", in Marietta T. Stepanjanc (ed.): Comparative Ethics in a Global Age. CRVP, pp. 13–30
[21] SUVIN, Darko, 2005. "Estrangement and Cognition", in James E. Gunn, Matthew Candelaria (eds.): Speculations on Speculation: Theories of Science Fiction (Oxford: Scarecrow Inc.), pp. 23–36
[22] TATTERSALL, Ian, 2008. The World from Beginnings to 4000 BCE (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
[2] PLATO, 2013. Timaeus. Translated by Benjamin Jowett http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/physis/plato-timaeus/default.asp [Accessed 7 February]
[3] SIMMONS, Dan, 2005. Hyperion (London: Gollancz)
[4] SIMMONS, Dan, 1995. The Fall of Hyperion (New York: Bantam Spectra Books)
[5] SIMMONS, Dan, 2006a. Endymion (London: Gollancz)
[6] SIMMONS, Dan, 2006b. The Rise of Endymion (London: Gollancz)
[7] BERGMAN, Jerry, 1993. "Ota Benga: The Story of the Pygmy on Display in a Zoo", CRS Quarterly. Volume 30, Number 3, December http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/30/otabenga.html [Accessed: 12 January 2015]
[8] BOSTROM, Nick, 2005. A History of Transhumanist Thought http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/history.pdf [Accessed: 15 January 2015]
[9] DERRIDA, Jacques, 1995. "Khōra"; in Thomas Dutoit (ed.): On the Name. David Wood, John P. Leavey, Jr. and Ian McLeod (transl.) (Meridian. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press), pp. 89–150
[10] DERRIDA, Jacques, 2002. "The Deconstructions of Actuality", in Negotiations: Interventions and Interviews, 1971–2001 (Stanford: Stanford University Press)
[11] GONZALES, Francisco, 2011. "Ethics in Business and Finance: The Great Post-Crisis Challenge", in Francisco Gonzales (ed.): Values and Ethics for the 21st Century (Madrid: BBVA)
[12] GRISHAKOVA, Marina – TOMBERG, Jaak – PÄRN, Katre, 2008. "The interview with Brian McHale, Distinguished Humanities Professor (The Ohio State University)." October 19-December 4, 2008 in Hortus Semioticus, no 3 http://www.ut.ee/hortussemioticus/1_2008/mchale.html [Accessed: 17 January 2015]
[13] HAYLES, Katherine, 1999. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)
[14] JAMESON, Frederic, 2005. Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions (London: Verso)
[15] KAKU, Michio, 2014. The Future of the Mind: The Scientific Quest to Understand, Enhance, and Empower the Mind (New York: Doubleday)
[16] KURZWEIL, Ray, 2001. "The Law of Accelerating Returns" http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns [Accessed: 30 January 2015]
[17] LEVINAS, Emmanuel, 2006. Humanism of the Other (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press)
[18] LEVINAS, Emmanuel, 1996. Proper Names (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press)
[19] NEUSNER, Jacob – CHILTON, Bruce, 2009. The Golden Rule: Analytical Perspectives (Michigan: University of Michigan Press)
[20] STRUHL, Karsten J., 2007. "Is a Global Ethic Possible?", in Marietta T. Stepanjanc (ed.): Comparative Ethics in a Global Age. CRVP, pp. 13–30
[21] SUVIN, Darko, 2005. "Estrangement and Cognition", in James E. Gunn, Matthew Candelaria (eds.): Speculations on Speculation: Theories of Science Fiction (Oxford: Scarecrow Inc.), pp. 23–36
[22] TATTERSALL, Ian, 2008. The World from Beginnings to 4000 BCE (Oxford: Oxford University Press)