Název: The modal potential in the English present progressive
Zdrojový dokument: Brno studies in English. 2018, roč. 44, č. 1, s. [43]-62
Rozsah
[43]-62
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2018-1-3
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/138667
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
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Abstrakt(y)
Following Verhagen's suggestion that "one cannot be an optimal semanticist without also doing syntax and discourse analysis" (Verhagen 1995: 104), we attempt to analyse the English present progressive from the semantic point of view. First, we investigate the intertwined connection between tense and aspect. Then, after Goldsmith and Woisetschlaeger (1982) we examine the structural and the phenomenological interpretations of events expressed in present tenses. We claim that present progressive is highly polysemous with a core meaning expressing the immediacy in temporal reality, a number of peripheral but stable senses and numerous "meaning potentials" (Norén and Linell 2007) which are substantiated only in specific contexts. Having established a general view of its meanings, we analyze unconventional uses of the present progressive i.e. its occurrence with verbs traditionally perceived as static. We suggest that modal meanings in such unconventional pairings of verb and aspect emerge as a result of a blending process (Fauconnier and Turner 2002, 2003).
Reference
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[2] Celce-Murcia, Marianne and Diane Larsen-Freeman (1999) The Grammar Book. An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course. Boston, United States: Heinle and Heinle Publishers.
[3] Comrie, Bernard (1976) Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Croft, William (2012) Verbs. Aspect and Causal Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press
[5] Cruse, Alan (2000) Meaning in Language. An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[6] De Wit, Astrid and Frank Brisard (2009) Expressions of epistemic contingency in the use of the English present progressive. Papers of the Linguistic Society of Belgium 4, 1–18.
[7] De Wit, Astrid and Frank Brisard (2014) A Cognitive Grammar account of the semantics of the English present progressive. Journal of Linguistics 50 (1), 49–90. | DOI 10.1017/S0022226713000169
[8] Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner (2002) The Way We Think. Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.
[9] Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner (2003) Conceptual Blending, Form, and Meaning. In: Fastrez, Pierre (ed.) Cognitive Semiotics, special issue of Recherches en Communication 19, 57–86.
[10] Freund, Nina (2016) Recent Change in the Use of Stative Verbs in the Progressive Form in British English: I'm loving it. Language Studies Working Papers 7, 50–61.
[11] Goldsmith, John and Erich Woisetschlaeger (1982) The logic of the English progressive. Linguistic Inquiry 13 (1), 79–89.
[12] Granath, Solveig and Michael Wherrity (2014) I'm loving you – and knowing it too: aspect and so-called stative verbs. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature 4, 2–22.
[13] Kranich, Svenja (2010) The Progressive in Modern English. A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization and Related Changes. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
[14] Langacker, Ronald (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. 1. Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
[15] Langacker, Ronald (1999a) Losing control: Grammaticization, subjectification, and transparency. In: Blank, Andreas and Peter Koch (eds.) Historical Semantics and Cognition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 147–175.
[16] Langacker, Ronald (1999b) Virtual reality. Studies of Linguistic Sciences 29, 2.
[17] Langacker, Ronald (2001) The English present tense. English Language and Linguistics 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[18] Langacker, Ronald (2007) Constructing the meaning of personal pronouns. In: Radden, Günter, Klaus-Michael Köpcke, Thomas Berg and Peter Siemund (eds.) Aspects of Meaning Construction. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 171–187.
[19] Langacker, Ronald (2008) Cognitive Grammar. A Basic Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[20] Langacker, Ronald (2011) The English present: Temporal coincidence vs. epistemic immediacy. In: Patard, Adeline and Frank Brisard (eds.) Cognitive Approaches to Tense, Aspect and Epistemic Modality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 45–86.
[21] Michaelis, Laura A. (2004) Type shifting in Construction Grammar: An integrated approach to aspectual coercion. Cognitive Linguistics 15, 1–67. | DOI 10.1515/cogl.2004.001
[22] Norén, Kerstin and Per Linell (2007) Meaning potentials and the interaction between lexis and contexts. An empirical substantiation. Pragmatics 17 (3), 387–416. | DOI 10.1075/prag.17.3.03nor
[23] Prażmo, Ewelina (2016) Unprecedented uses of the English present progressive. In: Łozowski, Przemysław and Katarzyna Stadnik (eds.) Visions and Revisions. Studies in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Łódź Studies in Language, Vol. 44. Frankfurt am Main; New York: Peter Lang, 169–178.
[24] Swan, Michael (1980) Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[25] Taylor, John R. (2002) Cognitive Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[26] Verhagen, Arie (1995) Subjectification, syntax, and communication. In: Stein, Dieter and Susan Wright (eds.) Subjectivity and Subjectivisation: Linguistic Perspectives. 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 103–128.
[27] UkWaC corpus accessed through: http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/protected/query.html
[2] Celce-Murcia, Marianne and Diane Larsen-Freeman (1999) The Grammar Book. An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course. Boston, United States: Heinle and Heinle Publishers.
[3] Comrie, Bernard (1976) Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Croft, William (2012) Verbs. Aspect and Causal Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press
[5] Cruse, Alan (2000) Meaning in Language. An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[6] De Wit, Astrid and Frank Brisard (2009) Expressions of epistemic contingency in the use of the English present progressive. Papers of the Linguistic Society of Belgium 4, 1–18.
[7] De Wit, Astrid and Frank Brisard (2014) A Cognitive Grammar account of the semantics of the English present progressive. Journal of Linguistics 50 (1), 49–90. | DOI 10.1017/S0022226713000169
[8] Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner (2002) The Way We Think. Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.
[9] Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner (2003) Conceptual Blending, Form, and Meaning. In: Fastrez, Pierre (ed.) Cognitive Semiotics, special issue of Recherches en Communication 19, 57–86.
[10] Freund, Nina (2016) Recent Change in the Use of Stative Verbs in the Progressive Form in British English: I'm loving it. Language Studies Working Papers 7, 50–61.
[11] Goldsmith, John and Erich Woisetschlaeger (1982) The logic of the English progressive. Linguistic Inquiry 13 (1), 79–89.
[12] Granath, Solveig and Michael Wherrity (2014) I'm loving you – and knowing it too: aspect and so-called stative verbs. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature 4, 2–22.
[13] Kranich, Svenja (2010) The Progressive in Modern English. A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization and Related Changes. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
[14] Langacker, Ronald (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. 1. Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
[15] Langacker, Ronald (1999a) Losing control: Grammaticization, subjectification, and transparency. In: Blank, Andreas and Peter Koch (eds.) Historical Semantics and Cognition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 147–175.
[16] Langacker, Ronald (1999b) Virtual reality. Studies of Linguistic Sciences 29, 2.
[17] Langacker, Ronald (2001) The English present tense. English Language and Linguistics 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[18] Langacker, Ronald (2007) Constructing the meaning of personal pronouns. In: Radden, Günter, Klaus-Michael Köpcke, Thomas Berg and Peter Siemund (eds.) Aspects of Meaning Construction. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 171–187.
[19] Langacker, Ronald (2008) Cognitive Grammar. A Basic Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[20] Langacker, Ronald (2011) The English present: Temporal coincidence vs. epistemic immediacy. In: Patard, Adeline and Frank Brisard (eds.) Cognitive Approaches to Tense, Aspect and Epistemic Modality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 45–86.
[21] Michaelis, Laura A. (2004) Type shifting in Construction Grammar: An integrated approach to aspectual coercion. Cognitive Linguistics 15, 1–67. | DOI 10.1515/cogl.2004.001
[22] Norén, Kerstin and Per Linell (2007) Meaning potentials and the interaction between lexis and contexts. An empirical substantiation. Pragmatics 17 (3), 387–416. | DOI 10.1075/prag.17.3.03nor
[23] Prażmo, Ewelina (2016) Unprecedented uses of the English present progressive. In: Łozowski, Przemysław and Katarzyna Stadnik (eds.) Visions and Revisions. Studies in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Łódź Studies in Language, Vol. 44. Frankfurt am Main; New York: Peter Lang, 169–178.
[24] Swan, Michael (1980) Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[25] Taylor, John R. (2002) Cognitive Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[26] Verhagen, Arie (1995) Subjectification, syntax, and communication. In: Stein, Dieter and Susan Wright (eds.) Subjectivity and Subjectivisation: Linguistic Perspectives. 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 103–128.
[27] UkWaC corpus accessed through: http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/protected/query.html