Název: Hodnota poznania a hodnota porozumenia
Variantní název:
- The value of knowledge and the value of understanding
Zdrojový dokument: Pro-Fil. 2018, roč. 19, č. 2, s. 28-39
Rozsah
28-39
-
ISSN1212-9097 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/pf18-2-1851
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/138761
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Názor, že poznanie je hodnotné, tvorí kľúčový predpoklad epistemológie. Vo svojej klasickej podobe je vyjadrený komparatívnou tézou, že poznanie je hodnotnejšie než pravdivá mienka. Rôzne teoretické pokusy o vysvetlenie hodnoty poznania však doteraz neboli definitívne úspešné. Môže za to najmä tzv. problém pohltenia, v dôsledku ktorého akýkoľvek konštituent poznania nad rámec pravdivej mienky nemôže byť zdrojom hodnoty poznania. Časť autorov preto obracia pozornosť k fenoménu porozumenia, ktoré označujú za primárnu epistemickú hodnotu, pričom skúmanie hodnoty poznania odsúvajú do úzadia. V tejto situácii spočíva možné riešenie problému hodnoty poznania v odmietnutí predpokladu, že vysvetlenie hodnoty poznania musí byť univerzálne. Tým sa otvára priestor pre pluralistické koncepcie, ktoré rozličným poznatkom pripisujú odlišné druhy hodnôt.
The view that knowledge is valuable is a key assumption in epistemology. In its classical form it is expressed as the comparative claim that knowledge is more valuable than true belief. However, various theoretical attempts to explain the value of knowledge have not been definitively successful. A major obstacle is the so-called swamping problem, which results in the conclusion that no constituent of knowledge beyond true belief can be a source of the value of knowledge. Some authors, therefore, turn attention to the phenomenon of understanding, which is referred to as the primary epistemic value, and the exploration of the value of knowledge is put aside. In this situation, it is possible to address the problem by rejecting the assumption that the explanation of the value of knowledge must be universal. This opens up space for pluralistic conceptions that attribute different values to different kinds of knowledge.
Note
Táto práca bola podporovaná Agentúrou na podporu výskumu a vývoja na základe Zmluvy č. APVV-14-0510. Táto práca vznikla s podporou štipendia Vzdělávací nadace Jana Husa.
Reference
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[2] BonJour, L. (2010): The Myth of Knowledge, Philosophical Perspectives 24(1), 57–83. | DOI 10.1111/j.1520-8583.2010.00185.x
[3] Gettier, E. (1963): Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?, Analysis 23(6), 121–123, dostupné z: ˂ http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~kleinsch/Gettier.pdf ˃. | DOI 10.1093/analys/23.6.121
[4] Goldman, A. (1976): Discrimination and Perceptual Knowledge, The Journal of Philosophy 73(20), 771–791. | DOI 10.2307/2025679
[5] Goldman, A. (1979): What Is Justified Belief?, in Pappas, G. (ed.) Justification and Knowledge, Reidel, 1–23.
[6] Greco, J. (2000): Putting Skeptics in Their Place, Cambridge University Press.
[7] Greco, J. (2009): The Value Problem. Appendix B, in Haddock, A. – Millar, A. – Pritchard, D. (eds.) Epistemic Value, Oxford University Press, 313–321.
[8] Greco, J. (2011): The Value Problem, in Bernecker, S. – Pritchard, D. (eds.) The Routledge Companion to Epistemology, Routledge, 219–231.
[9] Kvanvig, J. L. (2003): The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding, Cambridge University Press.
[10] Kvanvig, J. (2009): The Value of Understanding, in Haddock, A. – Millar, A. – Pritchard, D. (eds.) Epistemic Value, Oxford University Press, 95–111.
[11] Lehrer, K. (1999): Teória poznania, Infopress.
[12] Nuhlíček, M. (2013): Spory o charakter zdôvodnenia v súčasnej analytickej epistemológii, Filozofia 68(6), 517–522, dostupné z: ˂http://www.klemens.sav.sk/fiusav/doc/filozofia/2013/6/517-522.pdf ˃.
[13] Nuhlíček, M. (2017): V čom spočíva problém hodnoty poznania?, in Javorská, A. – Marchevský, O. (eds.) Kultúra, civilizácia, normativita – dialóg a konflikty z pohľadu filozofie, Filozofická fakulta PU v Prešove a Slovenské filozofické združenie pri SAV, 124–128.
[14] Platón (1990): Menon, in Dialógy, zv. I, Tatran, 483–524.
[15] Pritchard, D. (2009): Knowledge, Understanding, and Epistemic Value, in O'Hear, A. (ed.) Epistemology (Royal Institute of Philosophy Lectures), Cambridge University Press, 19–43.
[16] Pritchard, D. (2012): Knowledge and Understanding, in Pritchard, D. – Millar, A. – Haddock, A. (eds.) The Nature and Value of Knowledge. Three Investigations, Oxford University Press, 3–88.
[17] Pritchard, D. – Turri, J. – Carter, J. A. (2018): The Value of Knowledge, in Zalta, E. N. (ed.) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online], 2007-08-21, rev. 2018-03-07 [cit. 2018-05-22], dostupné z: ˂ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-value/ ˃.
[18] Sosa, E. (2007): A Virtue Epistemology: Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge (Volume I), Oxford University Press.
[19] Turri, J. – Alfano, M. – Greco, J. (2017): Virtue Epistemology, in Zalta, E. N. (ed.) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online], 1999-07-09, rev. 2017-11-07 [cit. 2018-05-22], dostupné z: ˂ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology-virtue/ ˃.
[20] Weiner, M. (2009): Does Knowledge Matter?, in Haddock, A. – Millar, A. – Pritchard, D. (eds.) Epistemic Value, Oxford University Press, 163–182.
[21] Williamson, T. (2000): Knowledge and Its Limits, Oxford University Press.
[22] Zagzebski, L. (2003): The Search for the Source of the Epistemic Good, Metaphilosophy 34(1–2), 12–28, dostupné z: ˂ http://bigfatgenius.com/532%20Summer%202008/ZagzebskiSearch_for_Source_Epistemic_Good.pdf ˃. | DOI 10.1111/1467-9973.00257