Název: Bullied online but not telling anyone : what are the reasons for not disclosing cybervictimization?
Zdrojový dokument: Studia paedagogica. 2018, roč. 23, č. 4, s. [119]-128
Rozsah
[119]-128
-
ISSN1803-7437 (print)2336-4521 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2018-4-6
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/138821
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Although telling an adult can be effective at ending bullying, not all bullied children tell someone about their victimization. The aim of the current study was to examine: 1) if being bullied online and not telling anyone was associated with the perceived intensity and harm experienced from being bullied, 2) the reasons for not telling anyone, and 3) if these reasons were related to the level of harm experienced from being bullied. The data used in this study consisted of responses from 451 Czech adolescents aged 12–18 who had been cyberbullied. The results showed that more boys (47%) than girls (19%) did not tell anyone about being bullied online. There was an association between experienced harm and cybervictimization disclosure; 42% of adolescents with little experience of harm did not tell anyone about it, which was more often than the case for those adolescents with a medium level of harm (19%), and those with intense harm (19%). The reasons for not telling differed among groups, where intensely harmed adolescents more often reported that they did not trust anyone and were afraid of making the situation worse and respondents with medium harm reported to a greater extent not having anyone who could help them. The most common answer for adolescents with a low experience of harm was that they did not tell anyone because they thought they would manage on their own (54%).
Note
The authors acknowledge the support of the VITOVIN project (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0184), co-financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of Czech Republic, and the support of Masaryk University.
Reference
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[20] Paul, S., Smith, P. K., & Blumberg, H. H. (2012). Investigating legal aspects of cyberbullying. Psicothema, 24(4), 640–645.
[21] Skrzypiec, G., Slee, P., Murray-Harvey, R., & Pereira, B. (2011). School bullying by one or more ways: Does it matter and how do students cope? School Psychology International, 32(3), 288–311. | DOI 10.1177/0143034311402308
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[23] Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 147–154. | DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x
[24] Smith, P. K., & Steffgen, G. (Eds.). (2013). Cyberbullying through the new media: Findings from an international network. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
[25] Smith, P. K., Shu, S., & Madsen, K. (2001). Characteristics of victims of school bullying: Developmental changes in coping strategies and skills. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 332–351). New York: Guilford Press.
[26] Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. | DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
[27] Ševčíková, A., Macháčková, H., Wright, M. F., Dědková, L., & Černá, A. (2015). Social support seeking in relation to parental attachment and peer relationships among victims of cyberbullying. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 25(2), 170–182. | DOI 10.1017/jgc.2015.1
[28] Takizawa, R., Maughan, B., & Arseneault, L. (2014). Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: Evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(7), 777–784. | DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101401
[29] Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277–287. | DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014
[2] Bjereld, Y. (2018). The challenging process of disclosing bullying victimization: A grounded theory study from the victim's point of view. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(8), 1110–1118. | DOI 10.1177/1359105316644973
[3] Bjereld, Y., Daneback, K., Gunnarsdóttir, H., & Petzold, M. (2014). Mental health problems and social resource factors among bullied children in the Nordic countries: A population based cross-sectional study. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46(2), 281–288. | DOI 10.1007/s10578-014-0468-0
[4] Black, S., Weinles, D., & Washington, E. (2010). Victim strategies to stop bullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(2), 138–147. | DOI 10.1177/1541204009349401
[5] Černá, A., Dědková, L., Macháčková, H., Ševčíková, A., & Šmahel, D. (2013). Kyberšikana: Průvodce novým fenoménem [Cyberbullying: A guide to a new phenomenon]. Praha: Grada.
[6] Craig, W., Pepler, D., & Blais, J. (2007). Responding to bullying: What works? School Psychology International, 28(4), 465–477. | DOI 10.1177/0143034307084136
[7] deLara, E. W. (2012). Why adolescents don't disclose incidents of bullying and harassment. Journal of School Violence, 11(4), 288–305. | DOI 10.1080/15388220.2012.705931
[8] Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81–91. | DOI 10.1093/her/cyg100
[9] Frisén, A., Berne, S., & Lunde, C. (2014). Cybervictimization and body esteem: Experiences of Swedish children and adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(3), 331–343. | DOI 10.1080/17405629.2013.825604
[10] Holt, M. K., Finkelhor, D., & Kantor, G. K. (2007). Multiple victimization experiences of urban elementary school students: associations with psychosocial functioning and academic performance. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(5), 503–515. | DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.006
[11] Juvonen, J., & Gross, E.F. (2008). Extending the school grounds? Bullying experiences in cyberspace. Journal of School Health, 78(9), 496–505. | DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x
[12] Kayleigh, C., Callaghan, M., Cosma, A., Donnelly, P., Craig, W., Walsh, S., & Molcho, M. (2015). Cross-national time trends in bullying victimization in 33 countries among children aged 11, 13 and 15 from 2002 to 2010. European Journal of Public Health, 25(2), 61–64. | DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckv029
[13] Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. | DOI 10.1037/a0035618
[14] Li, Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27(2), 157–170. | DOI 10.1177/0143034306064547
[15] Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full findings from the EU Kids Online survey of 9–16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries. London: LSE.
[16] Machackova, H., Cerna, A., Sevcikova, A., Dedkova, L., & Daneback, K. (2013). Effectiveness of coping strategies for victims of cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(3), article 5. | DOI 10.5817/CP2013-3-5
[17] Macháčková, H., Dědková, L., Ševčíková, A., & Černá, A. (2013) Online harassment and cyberbullying II. An extended report on the "Coping strategies in adolescents facing cyberbullying". Brno: Masaryk University. Retrieved from: https://irtis.muni.cz/media/3083689/onlineharassment _and_cyberbullying.pdf [Czech version: https://irtis.muni.cz/media/3078131/cost_cz_report_ii_cj.pdf].
[18] Molcho, M., Craig, W., Due, P., Pickett, W., Harel-Fisch, Y., & Overpeck, M. (2009). Cross-national time trends in bullying behaviour 1994–2006: findings from Europe and North America. International Journal of Public Health, 54(2), 225–234. | DOI 10.1007/s00038-009-5414-8
[19] Olweus, D. (2013). School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 751–780. | DOI 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516
[20] Paul, S., Smith, P. K., & Blumberg, H. H. (2012). Investigating legal aspects of cyberbullying. Psicothema, 24(4), 640–645.
[21] Skrzypiec, G., Slee, P., Murray-Harvey, R., & Pereira, B. (2011). School bullying by one or more ways: Does it matter and how do students cope? School Psychology International, 32(3), 288–311. | DOI 10.1177/0143034311402308
[22] Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26–32. | DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024
[23] Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 147–154. | DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x
[24] Smith, P. K., & Steffgen, G. (Eds.). (2013). Cyberbullying through the new media: Findings from an international network. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
[25] Smith, P. K., Shu, S., & Madsen, K. (2001). Characteristics of victims of school bullying: Developmental changes in coping strategies and skills. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 332–351). New York: Guilford Press.
[26] Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. | DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
[27] Ševčíková, A., Macháčková, H., Wright, M. F., Dědková, L., & Černá, A. (2015). Social support seeking in relation to parental attachment and peer relationships among victims of cyberbullying. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 25(2), 170–182. | DOI 10.1017/jgc.2015.1
[28] Takizawa, R., Maughan, B., & Arseneault, L. (2014). Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: Evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(7), 777–784. | DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101401
[29] Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277–287. | DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014