Název: Children as culprits and criminals : children in mischief, delict, and crime in Roman Empire
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2019, roč. 24, č. 2, s. 5-18
Rozsah
5-18
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2019-2-1
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/141750
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
A new trend that has emerged in the childhood studies of antiquity. This approach considers the child to be an active agent and participant of the life in family and society, as opposed to the traditional view of the child as a mere object in the hands of the adults around. In this paper, I propose to follow this trend to push further the discussion the problematic of children breaching the legal and social norms as children could be not only the victims of dark and violent situations that could happen, they could also be the perpetrators. Focusing on extant legal and literary evidence from the long-lasting era of Roman Empire (though better evidence we have for the late imperial era) I would like to discuss our possibilities to reconstruct the phenomenon of children as active participants in violence in Roman antiquity, how were they treated, what can we know about their motivation and experience. However, given the sources, only the frame of the reality in which the children acted can be reconstructed.
Reference
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[46] Shaw, B. (2001). Rising and Killing Children: Two Roman Myths. Mnemosyne, 55(1), 31–77. | DOI 10.1163/15685250151099463
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[3] Butler, H. E. (Ed.). (1963). The institutio oratoria of Quintilian (4 Vols.). London: William Heinemann.
[4] Fisher, C. D. (Ed.) (1906). Tacitus, Publius Cornelius: Dialogus de oratoribus. Oxford.
[5] Heseltine, M. & Rouse W. H. D. (Eds.) (1997). Petronius: Satyricon; Seneca: Apocolocyntosis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
[6] Heubner, H. (Ed.). (1994). P. Cornelii Taciti libri qui supersunt. Tom. I: Ab excessu Divi Augusti. Stutgardiae: Bibliotheca Teubneriana.
[7] Ihm, M. (Ed.). (1933). Gaii Suetonii Tranquilli Opera. Vol. I: De vita Caesarum. Monachii: Bibliotheca Teubneriana.
[8] Kincl, J. (Ed.). (2007). Gaius: Učebnice práva ve čtyřech knihách. Plzeň: Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš Čeněk.
[9] Lindsay, W. M. (Ed.). (1913). Sexti Pompei Festi De verborum significatu quae supersunt cum Pauli epitome. Lipsiae: Bibliotheca Teubneriana.
[10] Mayhoff, K. F. T. (Ed.). (1906). Pliny the Elder: Naturalis Historia. Lipsiae: Teubner.
[11] Melmoth, W., & Hutchinson, W. M. L. (Eds.). (1963). Pliny: Letters (2 Vols.). London: William Heinemann.
[12] Meyer, P. M., & Mommsen, T. (Eds.). (1905, 1954). Theodosiani libri XVI. Berolini: Apud Weidmannos.
[13] Mommsen, T., & Krueger, P. (Eds.). (1954). Iustiniani Digesta. In Corpus iuris civilis. Berlin: Weidmann.
[14] Norman, A. F. (Ed.). (1992). Libanius: Autobiography and selected letters (2 Vols.). London: William Heinemann.
[15] Norman, A. F. (Ed.). (1992). Libanius: Selected works (II Vols.). London: William Heinemann.
[16] Page, T. E., & Rouse, W. H. D. (Eds.). (1912). Aurelius Augustinus: Confessiones (2 Vols.). Translated by W. Watts. London: William Heinemann.
[17] Pharr, C. (Ed.). (1952). The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[18] Poste, E. (1904). The Institutes of Roman law by Gaius. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[19] Ramsay, G. G. (Ed.) (1928). Juvenal and Persius. London: William Heinemann.
[20] Rolfe, J. C. (Ed.). (1982). The Attic nights of Aulus Gellius (3 Vols.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
[21] Sandars, T. C. (1917). The Institutes of Justinian: with English introduction, translation, and note. London: Longmans, Green.
[22] Scott, S. P. (1932). The Civil Law, XI. Cincinnati.
[23] Skřejpek, M. (Ed.). (2010). Iustiniani Institutiones. Justiniánské instituce. Praha: Karolinum.
[24] Thomson, H. J. (Ed.). (1953). Prudentius (2 Vols.). London: William Heinemann.
[25] Arjava, A. (1998). Paternal Power in Late Antiquity. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 88, 147–165. | DOI 10.1017/S0075435800044154
[26] Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (1995). Children and Violence: Report of the Gulbenkian Foundation Commission. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
[27] Dixon, S. (2004). Sentimental Ideal of Roman Family. In B. Rawson (Ed.), Marriage, divorce, and children in ancient Rome (pp. 99–113). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[28] Evans-Grubbs, J – Parkin, T. (2013). Introduction. In J. Evans-Grubbs, T. Parkin, & R. Bell, Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World (pp. 1–16). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[29] Eyben, E. (1993). Restless Youth in Ancient Rome. London: Routledge.
[30] Gray-Fow, M. J. G. (1985). The nomenclature and stages of Roman childhood. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
[31] Kincl, J., Urfus, V., & Skřejpek, M. (1995). Římské právo. Praha: C. H. Beck.
[32] Kosior, W. J. (2016). The stages of human life distinguished in non-legal Roman sources, Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem, Vol. 8/2, 27–46.
[33] Kosior, W. J. (2018). Index Romanorum Verborum Iuridicorum Ad Aetatem Pertinentium (Index of Roman Legal Sources Associated with Age), Вісник Львівського університету. Серія юридична 67/2018, 148–169.
[34] Kuryłowicz, M. (1988). Odpowiedzialność "nieletnich" za czyny bezprawne w prawie rzymskim. In Bojarski, (Ed.)T., Postępowanie z nieletnimi. Orzekanie i wykonywanie środków wychowawczych i poprawczych (pp. 9–19), Lublin.
[35] Laes, Ch. (2011). Children in Roman Empire: Outsiders Within. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[36] Laes, Ch., & Strubbe, J. (2014). Youth in the Roman Empire: The young and the restless years? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[37] Laes, Ch., & Vuolanto, V. (Eds.). (2017). Children and everyday life in the Roman and late antique world. New York: Routledge.
[38] Laes, Ch., Mustakallio, K., & Vuolanto, V. (2015). Limits and Borders of Childhood and Family in the Roman Empire. In Ch. Laes, K. Mustakallio, & V. Vuolanto (Eds.), Children and Family in Late Antiquity (pp. 1–14). Leuven: Peeters.
[39] McGinn, T. A. J. (2013). Roman children and the law. In J. Evans-Grubbs, T. Parkin, & R. Bell, Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World (pp. 341–360). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[40] Minten, E. (2002). Roman Attitudes towards Children and Childhood: Private Funerary Evidence c. 50 BC–c. AD 300. Stockholm: Department of Classical Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Stockholm.
[41] Rawson, B. (2005). Children and childhood in Roman Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[42] Saller, R. P. (1986). Patria potestas and the stereotype of the Roman Family. Continuity and Change, 1, 7–22. | DOI 10.1017/S0268416000000059
[43] Saller, R. P. (1999). Pater Familias, Mater Familias, and the Gendered Semantics of the Roman Household. Classical Philology, 94(2), 182–197. | DOI 10.1086/449430
[44] Saller, R. P. (2000). Family and Household. In A. K. Bowman, P. Garnsey, & D. Rathbone (Eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History (Vol. 11; pp. 855–874). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | DOI 10.1017/CHOL9780521263351.030
[45] Seifert, K. (2012). Youth Violence: Theory, Prevention, and Intervention. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
[46] Shaw, B. (2001). Rising and Killing Children: Two Roman Myths. Mnemosyne, 55(1), 31–77. | DOI 10.1163/15685250151099463
[47] Skřejpek, M. (2005). Moc bez hranic? (Právo otce římské rodiny nad životem a smrtí). Právní rozhledy, 15, 549–557.
[48] Thomas, J. A. C. (1977). Delictal and Criminal Liability of the Young in Roman Law. In L'enfant: congrés organisé à Strasbourg en mai 1972 (Vol. 38; pp. 9–31). Bruxelles: de Boeck.
[49] Thorová, K. (2015). Vývojová psychologie: proměny lidské psychiky od početí po smrt. Praha: Portál.
[50] Vial-Dumas, M. (2014). Parents, Children, and Law: Patria Potestas and Emancipation in the Christian Mediterranean during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Journal of Family History, 39(4), 307–329. | DOI 10.1177/0363199014554862