Název: Socrates on deception, thievery and violence: towards situational ethics?
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2019, roč. 24, č. 2, s. 67-77
Rozsah
67-77
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2019-2-5
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/141754
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
The following paper examines special groups of testimony from the Socratic literature on Socrates' attitude towards unethical forms of behaviour. The first group of texts consists of reflections on the problem of deception and the dilemma of whether it is always right to speak the truth. The next group reflects how various writers of Socratica (Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato, Antisthenes) interpreted the moral value of thievery. The third group describes Socratic argumentation with regard to violent modes of conduct, such as slavery and beating. It reveals that our extant ancient sources depict Socrates' positive evaluation of certain forms of lying, stealing, swearing and even beating and that Socrates was a moral relativist in a sense, judging in light of the situational context, which constitutes the moral value of action.
Note
The paper was supported by the scientific project VEGA 1/0864/18: Ad Fontes Cynicorum Socraticorum – pramene a interpretácia sokratovského kynizmu.
Reference
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[9] Betegh, G. (2013). Socrate et Archélaos dans les Nuées. In A. Laks & R. Saetta Cottone (Eds.), Comédie et Philosophie: Socrate et les "présocratiques" dans les Nuées d'Aristophane (pp. 87–106). Paris: Editions Rue d'Ulm.
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[14] Dorion, L.-A. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Socratic Problem. In Morrison, D. (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Socrates (pp. 1–23). New York: Cambridge University Press.
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[18] Friedländer, P. (1964). Plato: The Dialogues. First Period (Transl. P. Meyerhoff). London: Pantheon Books.
[19] Guthrie, W. K. C. (1971). Socrates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[20] Huffman, C. A. (2012). Aristoxenus' Life of Socrates. In C. A. Huffman (Ed.), Aristoxenus of Tarentum: Discussion (pp. 251–281). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
[21] Irwin, T. (2007). The Development of Ethics. A Historical and Critical Study. Volume I: From Socrates to the Reformation. New York: Oxford University Press.
[22] Kahn, Ch. (1979). The Art and Thought of Heraclitus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[23] Kahn, Ch. (1983). Drama and Dialectic in Plato's Gorgias. Oxford Studies in Classical Philosophy, 1, 75–122.
[24] Kock, T. (1880). Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.
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[26] Montiglio, S. (2011). From Villain to Hero – Odysseus in the Ancient Thought. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
[27] Montuori, M. (1981). Socrates. Physiology of a Myth. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben.
[28] Moore, Ch. (2013). Chaerephon the Socratic. Phoenix, 67(3–4), 284–300. | DOI 10.7834/phoenix.67.3-4.0284
[29] Moore, Ch. (2015). Socrates and Self-Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[30] Murray, A. T. (1928). The Iliad. London: Harvard University Press.
[31] Porubjak, M. (2018). Socrates as the Paradigmatic Figure of Practical Philosophy. ΑΙΘΗΡ, 5, 50–65.
[32] Prior, W. J. (1991). Virtue and Knowledge. An Introduction to Ancient Greek Ethics. New York: Routledge.
[33] Stavru, A. (2013). The Present State of Socratic Studies: An Overview. In F. de Luise, & A. Stavru (Eds.), Socratica III: Studies on Socrates, the Socratics, and the Ancient Socratic Literature (pp. 11–26). Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag.
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[35] Vlastos, G. (1991). Socrates. Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[36] Walcot, P. (1977). Odysseus and the Art of Lying. Ancient Society, 8, 1–19.
[37] Waterfield, R. (2013). The Quest for the Historical Socrates. In J. Bussanich, & N. D. Smith (Eds.), The Bloomsbury Companion to Socrates (pp. 1–19). London: Bloomsbury.
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