Název: A corpus-based study of the specificity adjectives specific and particular in academic written English : evidence from the BAWE corpus
Zdrojový dokument: Brno studies in English. 2019, roč. 45, č. 2, s. [175]-199
Rozsah
[175]-199
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2019-2-9
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/142189
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
The article presents an exploratory study on the use of two specificity adjectives: specific and particular in the corpus of British Academic Written English, with supplementary frequency data obtained from the British National Corpus and a corpus of English Research Articles. The Sketch Engine and WordSmith Tools 6.0 are employed to find out to what extent the two near-synonyms are interchangeable by exploring their overall and discipline frequency, potential synonyms and lexico-grammatical behaviour, including lexical bundles. The results reveal that despite certain similarities in the use of specific and particular in academic written English, such as sharing some of the synonyms or lexicogrammatical patterns, it is definitely specific that is more frequent in hard science prose, has a more diverse lexico-grammatical profile and denotes a specificity that is scalar in its nature and context-specific rather than universal.
Reference
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[30] Marco, María José Luzón (1998) Phraseological Patterns in Medical Discourse. The Especialist 19 (1) 41–56.
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[32] Morzycki, Marcin (2015) The lexical semantics of adjectives: More than just scales. In: Modification (Key Topics in Semantics and Pragmatics). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 13–87.
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[34] Nesi, Hilary (2011) BAWE: An introduction to a new resource. In: Frankenberg-Garcia, Ana, Lynne Flowerdew and Guy Aston (eds.) New Trends in Corpora and Language Learning. London: Continuum, 213–228.
[35] O'Keeffe, Anne, Michael McCarthy and Ronald Carter (2007) From Corpus to Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[36] Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam (2013) Cluttered writing: Adjectives and adverbs in academia. Scientometrics 96, 679–681. | DOI 10.1007/s11192-012-0937-9
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[39] Paquot, Magali (2010) Academic Vocabulary in Learner Writing. From Extraction to Analysis. London and New York: Continuum.
[40] Polese, Vanda And Stefania D'Avanzo (2010) Linguistic and legal vagueness in EU directives harmonising protection for refugees and displaced persons. In: Giannoni, Davide S. and Celina Frade (eds.) Researching Language and the Law: Textual Features and Translation Issues. Bern: Peter Lang, 89–112.
[41] Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman.
[42] Radziszewski, Adam, Adam Kilgarriff and Robert Lew (2011) Polish Word Sketches. In: Vetulani, Zygmunt (ed.) Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics. Proceedings of the 5th Language & Technology Conference. Poznań: Fundacja Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza, 237–242.
[43] Rychlý, Pavel (2008) A lexicographer-friendly association score. In: Sojka, Petr and Aleš Horák (eds.) Proceedings of 2nd Workshop on Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing, RASLAN 2008. Brno: Masaryk University, 6–9.
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[46] Schmitt, Norbert and Ronald Carter (2004) Formulaic sequences in action. In: Norbert Schmitt (ed.) Formulaic Sequences. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1–22.
[47] Simpson, Rita (2004) Stylistic features of academic speech: The role of formulaic expressions. In: Connor, Ulla M. and Thomas Albin Upton (eds.) Discourse in the Professions. Perspectives from Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 37–64.
[48] Swales, John and Amy Burke (2003) "It's really fascinating work": Differences in evaluative adjectives across academic registers. In: Leistyna, Pepi and Charles F. Meyer (eds.) Corpus analysis: Language structure and language use. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1–18.
[49] Swales, John (2005) Attended and unattended this in academic writing: A long and unfinished story. ESP Malaysia 11, 1–15.
[50] Sword, Helen (2012) Stylish Academic Writing. Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press.
[51] Tognini-Bonelli, Elena (2001) Corpus Linguistics at Work. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
[52] Traugott, Elizabeth Closs (2010) Dialogic contexts as motivations for syntactic change. In: Cloutier, Robert A., Anne Marie Hamilton-Brehm and William A. Kretzschmar (eds.) Studies in the History of the English Language V: Variation and Change in English Grammar and Lexicon: Contemporary Approaches. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter Mouton, 11–27.
[53] Tucker, Gordon Howard (1998) The Lexicogrammar of Adjectives A Systemic Functional Approach to Lexis. London and New York: Cassell.
[54] Vandelanotte, Lieven (2002) Prenominal adjectives in English: Structures and ordering. Folia Linguistica 36, 219–259.
[55] Van Roey, Jacques (1990) French-English Contrastive Lexicology: An Introduction. Louvain-laNeuve: Peeters.
[56] Warchał, Krystyna (2015) Certainty and doubt in academic discourse : epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
[57] What is the BNC? (2015) Accessed on 25 February 2019 from http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/corpus/index.xml.
[58] Wray, Alison and Michael R. Perkins (2000) The functions of formulaic language: an integrated model. Language in Communication 20, 1–28. | DOI 10.1016/S0271-5309(99)00015-4
[59] Wulff, Stefanie, Ute Römer and John Swales (2012) Attended/unattended this in academic student writing: Quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 8 (1), 129–157.
[2] Ağҫam, Reyhan and Mahmut Özkan (2015) A corpus-based study on evaluation adjectives in academic English. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 199, 3–11.
[3] Bartsch, Sabine (2004) Structural and Functional Properties of Collocations in English: A Corpus Study of Lexical and Pragmatic Constraints on Lexical Co-Occurrence. Tübingen: Narr.
[4] BAWE (British Academic Written English) and BAWE Plus Collections. (2016) Accessed on 25 February 2019 from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/research/collections/bawe/.
[5] Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward Finegan (1999) Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
[6] Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad and Geoffrey Leech (2002) Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
[7] Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad and Viviana Cortes (2004) 'If you look at...': Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics 25, 371–405. | DOI 10.1093/applin/25.3.371
[8] Biber, Douglas (2006) University Language. A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
[9] Biber, Dougals and Federica Barbieri (2007) Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes 26, 263–286. | DOI 10.1016/j.esp.2006.08.003
[10] Biber, Douglas and Bethany Gray (2016) Grammatical Complexity in Academic English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[11] Cheng, Winnie, Chris Greaves, John Sinclair and Martin Warren (2009) Uncovering the extent of the phraseological tendency: Towards a systematic analysis of concgrams. Applied Linguistics 30, 236–252. | DOI 10.1093/applin/amn039
[12] Cowie, Anthony P. (1992) Multiword lexical units and communicative language teaching. In: Arnaud, Pierre J. L. and Henri Béjoint (eds.) Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics. Palgrave: Macmillan, 1–12.
[13] Coxhead, Averil (2000) A New Academic Word List. TESOL Quarterly 34 (2), 213–238. | DOI 10.2307/3587951
[14] De Simone, Flavia, Roberta Presta, Simona Collina and Robert Hartsuiker (2015) On the role of contextual information in the organization of the lexical space. In: Makris, Nikos, Giorgio Bonmassar, Victor Raskin, Julia M. Taylor and Simona Collina (eds.) COGNITIVE 2015: The Seventh International Conference on Advanced Cognitive Technologies and Applications, Nice, France. IARIA, 31–35.
[15] Enç, Mürvet (1991) The semantics of specificity. Linguistic Inquiry 22 (1), 1–25.
[16] Fragaki, Georgia (2009) A corpus-based categorization of Greek adjectives. In: Mahlberg, Michaela, Victorina González-Díaz and Catheirne Smith (eds.) Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics Conference 2009 (CL2009), Liverpool, 1–19. Accessed on 7 June 2019 from ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/publications/cl2009/111_FullPaper.doc.
[17] Francis, Gill, Susan Hunston and Elizabeth Manning (1998) Collins COBUILD Grammar Patterns 2: Nouns and Adjectives. London: HarperCollins.
[18] Ghesquière, Lobke (2014) The Directionality of (Inter)subjectification in the English Noun Phrase. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
[19] Greaves, Chris and Martin Warren (2010) What can a corpus tell us about multi-word units? In: O'Keeffe, Anne and Michael McCarthy (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics. London, New York: Routledge, 212–226.
[20] Hinkel, Eli (2004) Teaching Academic ESL Writing. Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[21] Hyland, Ken (2015) Corpora and written academic English. In: Biber, Douglas and Randi Reppen (eds.) The Cambridge Handbook of English Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 292–308.
[22] Hyland, Ken (2016) General and specific EAP. In: Hyland, Ken and Philip Shaw (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of English for Academic Purposes. London and New York: Routledge, 17–29.
[23] Ionin, Tania (2006) This is definitely specific: specificity and definiteness in article systems. Natural Language Semantics 14, 175–234. | DOI 10.1007/s11050-005-5255-9
[24] Kilgarriff, Adam, Pavel Rychlý, Pavel Smrz and David Tugwell (2004) The Sketch Engine. In: Williams, Geoffrey and Sandra Vessier (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th EURALEX International Congress. Lorient, France: Université de Bretagne Sud, 105–116.
[25] Kilgarriff, Adam and Iztok Kosem (2012) Corpus tools for lexicographers. In: Granger, Sylviane and Magali Paquot (eds.) Electronic Lexicography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 31–55.
[26] Kilgarriff, Adam, Vít Baisa, Jan Bušta, Miloš Jakubíček, Vojtěch Kovář, Jan Michelfeit, Pavel Rychlý and Vít Suchomel (2014) The Sketch Engine: ten years on. Lexicography, Journal of Asialex 1 (1), 7–36. | DOI 10.1007/s40607-014-0009-9
[27] Lewis, Michael (2000) Teaching collocation: Further developments in the lexical approach. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
[28] Luzón Marco, María José (1994) Procedural vocabulary as lexical signalling of rethorical function in scientific discourse. Revista Espanola de Linguistica Applicada 10, 161–176.
[29] Luzón Marco, María José (1999) Procedural vocabulary: Lexical signalling of conceptual relations in discourse. Applied linguistics 20 (1), 1-21.
[30] Marco, María José Luzón (1998) Phraseological Patterns in Medical Discourse. The Especialist 19 (1) 41–56.
[31] Moon, Rosamound (1992) Textual aspects of fixed expressions in learners' dictionaries. In: Arnaud, Pierre J. L. and Henri Béjoint (eds.) Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics. Palgrave: Macmillan, 13–27.
[32] Morzycki, Marcin (2015) The lexical semantics of adjectives: More than just scales. In: Modification (Key Topics in Semantics and Pragmatics). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 13–87.
[33] Nattinger, James R. (1988) Some current trends in vocabulary teaching. In: Carter, Ronald and Michael McCarthy (eds.) Vocabulary and Language Teaching. London and New York: Longman, 62–82.
[34] Nesi, Hilary (2011) BAWE: An introduction to a new resource. In: Frankenberg-Garcia, Ana, Lynne Flowerdew and Guy Aston (eds.) New Trends in Corpora and Language Learning. London: Continuum, 213–228.
[35] O'Keeffe, Anne, Michael McCarthy and Ronald Carter (2007) From Corpus to Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[36] Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam (2013) Cluttered writing: Adjectives and adverbs in academia. Scientometrics 96, 679–681. | DOI 10.1007/s11192-012-0937-9
[37] Oxford English Dictionary on CD-ROM (v. 4.0). 2nd ed. (2009) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[38] Padró, Muntsa, Marco Idiart, Aline Villavicencio and Carlos Ramisch (2014) Comparing similarity measures for distributional thesauri. In: Calzorali, Nicoletta, Khalid Choukiri, Thierry Declerck, Hrafn Loftsson, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk and Stelios Piperidis (eds.) Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2014). European Languages Resources Association (ELRA), 2964–2971.
[39] Paquot, Magali (2010) Academic Vocabulary in Learner Writing. From Extraction to Analysis. London and New York: Continuum.
[40] Polese, Vanda And Stefania D'Avanzo (2010) Linguistic and legal vagueness in EU directives harmonising protection for refugees and displaced persons. In: Giannoni, Davide S. and Celina Frade (eds.) Researching Language and the Law: Textual Features and Translation Issues. Bern: Peter Lang, 89–112.
[41] Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman.
[42] Radziszewski, Adam, Adam Kilgarriff and Robert Lew (2011) Polish Word Sketches. In: Vetulani, Zygmunt (ed.) Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics. Proceedings of the 5th Language & Technology Conference. Poznań: Fundacja Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza, 237–242.
[43] Rychlý, Pavel (2008) A lexicographer-friendly association score. In: Sojka, Petr and Aleš Horák (eds.) Proceedings of 2nd Workshop on Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing, RASLAN 2008. Brno: Masaryk University, 6–9.
[44] Scott, Mike (1996) WordSmith Tools: Manual. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[45] Scott, Mike (2012) WordSmith Tools version 6. Stroud: Lexical Analysis Software.
[46] Schmitt, Norbert and Ronald Carter (2004) Formulaic sequences in action. In: Norbert Schmitt (ed.) Formulaic Sequences. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1–22.
[47] Simpson, Rita (2004) Stylistic features of academic speech: The role of formulaic expressions. In: Connor, Ulla M. and Thomas Albin Upton (eds.) Discourse in the Professions. Perspectives from Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 37–64.
[48] Swales, John and Amy Burke (2003) "It's really fascinating work": Differences in evaluative adjectives across academic registers. In: Leistyna, Pepi and Charles F. Meyer (eds.) Corpus analysis: Language structure and language use. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1–18.
[49] Swales, John (2005) Attended and unattended this in academic writing: A long and unfinished story. ESP Malaysia 11, 1–15.
[50] Sword, Helen (2012) Stylish Academic Writing. Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press.
[51] Tognini-Bonelli, Elena (2001) Corpus Linguistics at Work. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
[52] Traugott, Elizabeth Closs (2010) Dialogic contexts as motivations for syntactic change. In: Cloutier, Robert A., Anne Marie Hamilton-Brehm and William A. Kretzschmar (eds.) Studies in the History of the English Language V: Variation and Change in English Grammar and Lexicon: Contemporary Approaches. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter Mouton, 11–27.
[53] Tucker, Gordon Howard (1998) The Lexicogrammar of Adjectives A Systemic Functional Approach to Lexis. London and New York: Cassell.
[54] Vandelanotte, Lieven (2002) Prenominal adjectives in English: Structures and ordering. Folia Linguistica 36, 219–259.
[55] Van Roey, Jacques (1990) French-English Contrastive Lexicology: An Introduction. Louvain-laNeuve: Peeters.
[56] Warchał, Krystyna (2015) Certainty and doubt in academic discourse : epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
[57] What is the BNC? (2015) Accessed on 25 February 2019 from http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/corpus/index.xml.
[58] Wray, Alison and Michael R. Perkins (2000) The functions of formulaic language: an integrated model. Language in Communication 20, 1–28. | DOI 10.1016/S0271-5309(99)00015-4
[59] Wulff, Stefanie, Ute Römer and John Swales (2012) Attended/unattended this in academic student writing: Quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 8 (1), 129–157.