Název: Hegel: why liberal thought is not anti-totalitarian enough
Zdrojový dokument: Pro-Fil. 2020, roč. 21, č. 1, s. 24-40
Rozsah
24-40
-
ISSN1212-9097 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/pf20-1-2086
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/142694
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
This paper discusses totalitarianism against the background of Hegel's concept of ethical life (Sittlichkeit). It employs Hegel's concept of experience from the Phenomenology of Spirit so that the reader could "experience" totalitarianism (in Hegel's sense), and thereby apprehend a universal (sittlich) ethical life within the state as a true antidote against totalitarianism. "Hegel's" state, understood here as an emergent middle that balances between its relation to itself (domestic policy) and to the other states (foreign policy) is contrasted with the totalitarian state that suspended its self-relation in the name of its relation to the outside, either in the form of a "total war" (Hitler) or the "total peace" (Stalin). Contrasting the totalitarian state with that of Hegel's aims to reveal, in turn, the substantial defect of liberal thought. Despite the fact that "total war" and the "total peace" had taken place, liberal thought still stubbornly preoccupies itself with domestic issues, traditionally with the question of how to secure the "Maginot" line between the state and its citizens, at the expense of overcoming its own impoverished knowledge of the state as an instrument, since this utilitarian knowledge of the state combined with the fact that the state is also the sovereign individuality appearing on the scene of foreign relations turned out to be totalitarian. Totalitarianism and liberalism are thereby not understood simply as enemies but rather as a tragical couple. To reveal this mutually enforced interdependence, the paper illustrates it on different and more commonplace examples in order to clarify how liberal thought can overcome animosity against its totalitarian enemy, namely via "experiencing" totalitarianism as nothing but the hitherto unknown dark side of its own instrumental understanding of the state.
Note
This paper was supported by the funds for "Specifický vysokoškolský výzkum 2020: Hranice a identity v propojujícím se světě" of the Faculty of Arts at Charles University in Prague.
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[6] Benjamin, W. (2007): Thesis on The Philosophy of History. In: Illuminations. Essays and Reflections. Schocken Books New York, 253–264.
[7] Comay, R. (2010): Mourning Sickness: Hegel and the French Revolution. Stanford.
[8] Hegel, G.W.F. (1986): Wie der gemeine Menschenverstand die Philosophie nehme, - dargestellt an den Werken des Herrn Krug. In: Werke in Zwanzig Bänden, Werke 2, Jenaer Schriften. Frankfurt am. M, Suhrkamp.
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[11] Hegel, G.W.F. (2010a): Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Science in Basic Outline. Part I: Science of Logic. Cambridge University Press.
[12] Hegel, G.W.F. (2010b): Science of Logic. Cambridge.
[13] Hegel, G.W.F. (2011): Lecture on the Philosophy of the World History. Manuscript of The Introduction and The Lectures of 1822-3. Oxford University Press.
[14] Hegel, G.W.F. (2018): Phenomenology of Spirit. Cambridge University Press.
[15] Kershaw, I. (2000): Hitler 1936-45: Nemesis. New York.
[16] Kundera, M. (1984): The Tragedy of Central Europe, In: The New York Review of Books (pre-1986); Apr 26, 1984; 31, 007; pp. 33–38.
[17] MacDonnald, I. (2006): What Is Conceptual History. In: Hegel: New Directions. Routledge.
[18] Marx, K., Engels, F. (1975): A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right – Introduction. In: Collected Works, Vol. 3.
[19] Marx, K., Engels, F. (1976): German Ideology. In: Marx, K., Engels, F., Collected Works, Vol. 5.
[20] Marx, K., Engels, F. (1976): Manifesto of the Communist Party. In: Marx, K., Engels, F., Collected Works, Vol. 6.
[21] Matějčková, T. (2018): Hegelova fenomenologie světa. Oikoymenh.
[22] Nietzsche, F. (1997): On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life. In: Untimely Meditation. Cambridge University Press, 57–123.
[23] Prozorov, S. (2008): Russian postcommunism and the end of history. In: Studies in East European Thought, 60(3), Reviewing Perestrojka, 207–230. | DOI 10.1007/s11212-008-9054-y
[24] Später, E. (2015): Der dritte Weltkrieg: Die Ostfront 1941-45. Conte-Verlag. St. Ingbert.
[25] Žižek, Slavoj. (2001): Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism? Verso.