Název: Cicero's translations of the Stoic term συμπάϑεια into Latin
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2020, roč. 25, č. 2, s. 87-97
Rozsah
87-97
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2020-2-7
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/143317
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
The present study analyses Cicero's approaches to translating the Stoic term συμπάϑεια into Latin. In his treatise On Fate, the Roman author differentiates two types of situation in which Stoic sympathy functions. In the scientific sense, the word sympathy refers to mutual connections between physical phenomena, such as the connections between the phases of the moon and the alternating tides. In the divinatory sense, sympathy acts in the connection between a prophecy and its fulfilment, such as between the flight of birds and the start of a war. In Cicero's view, only the scientific sense of sympathy should be accepted. For this reason, in his treatise On Fate, he translates the Greek term συμπάϑεια using the Latin word contagio (Cic. Fat. 3, 5–6), since the verb tango means "to make or come into physical contact with". In contrast, he does not accept that sympathy acts in a divinatory sense, explaining the connection between a prophecy and its fulfilment as the result of chance.
Reference
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[2] Bayer, K. (Ed. & Transl.). (2000). Cicero: Über das Schicksal. De fato. Düsseldorf ‒ Zürich: Artemis & Winkler.
[3] Falconer, W. A. (Transl.). (1923). Cicero: On Old Age. On Friendship. On Divination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[4] Graver, M. (Ed. & Transl.). (2002). Cicero on the Emotions: Tusculan Disputations 3 and 4. Chicago ‒ London: The University of Chicago Press.
[5] King, J. E. (Transl.). (1927). Cicero: Tusculan Disputations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[6] Lindsay, W. M. (Ed.). (1997). Festus: De verborum significatu quae supersunt cum Pauli epitome. Stuttgart ‒ Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.
[7] Rackham, H. (Transl.). (1933). Cicero: On the Nature of the Gods. Academics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[8] Sharples, R. W. (Ed. & Transl.). (1991). Cicero: On Fate (De fato). Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd.
[9] Baltussen, H. (2011). Cicero's Translation of Greek Philosophy: Personal Mission or Public Service? In S. McElduff, & E. Sciarinno (Eds.), Complicating the History of Western Translation. The Ancient Mediterranean in Perspective (pp. 37–48). London: Routledge.
[10] Brouwer, R. (2015). Stoic Sympathy. In E. Schliesser (Ed.), Sympathy: A History (pp. 15–35). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[11] Fontenrose, J. (1960). The Crucified Daphidas. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 91, 83–99. | DOI 10.2307/283844
[12] Garani, M. (2007). Empedocles Redivivus: Poetry and Analogy in Lucretius. New York ‒ London: Routledge.
[13] Glare, P. G. W. (Ed.). (1968). Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[14] Glucker, J. (2012). Cicero's Remarks on Translating Philosophical Terms – Some General Problems. In J. Glucker, & Ch. Burnett (Eds.), Greek into Latin from Antiquity until the Nineteenth Century (pp. 37–96). London: Warburg Institute.
[15] Gregory, J. (1991). Cicero and Plato on Democracy: a Translation and its Source. Latomus, T. 50, Fasc. 3, 639–644.
[16] Habaj, M. (2018). Dedičstvo po Filipovi. In Idem, & F. Hříbal, Alexander Veľký (pp. 11–41). Bratislava: Perfekt.
[17] Hankinson, R. J. (1988). Stoicism, Science and Divination. Apeiron: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science, 21(2), 123–160. | DOI 10.1515/APEIRON.1988.21.2.123
[18] Harrison, H. J. (1983). Cicero and ‘Crurifragium'. The Classical Quarterly, 33(2), 453–455. | DOI 10.1017/S0009838800034716
[19] Hartung, H. J. (1970). Ciceros Methode bei der Übersetzung griechischer philosophischer Termini. Diss. Hamburg.
[20] Holmes, B. (2012). Sympathy between Hippocrates and Galen: The Case of Galen's Commentary on Hippocrates' ‘Epidemics', Book Two. In P. E. Pormann (Ed.), Epidemics in Context. Greek Commentaries on Hippocrates in the Arabic Tradition (pp. 49–70). Berlin: De Gruyter.
[21] Holmes, B. (2014). Proto-Sympathy in the Hippocratic Corpus. In J. Jouanna, & M. Zink (Eds.), Hippocrate et les hippocratismes: médecine, religion, société (pp. 123–138). Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
[22] Kalaš, A., & Škvrnda, F. (2018a). Od Zoroastra k Sókratovi: vzťah antickej filozofie a mágie v 5. a 4. storočí pred Kr. (I). Filozofia, 73(2), 85–96.
[23] Kalaš, A., & Škvrnda, F. (2018b). Od Zoroastra k Sókratovi: vzťah antickej filozofie a mágie v 5. a 4. storočí pred Kr. (II). Filozofia, 73(3), 212–223.
[24] Karfík, F. (1998). Τὸ ἐφ´ ἡμῖν mezi Aristotelem a stoiky. Auriga, 35(1–2), 49–63.
[25] Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., & Jones, H. S. (1996). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[26] Long, A. A. (2006). From Epicurus to Epictetus. Studies in Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[27] Powell, J. (2002). Cicero's Translations from Greek. In J. Powell (Ed.), Cicero the Philosopher (pp. 273–300). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[28] Schallenberg, M. (2008). Freiheit und Determinismus. Ein philosophischer Kommentar zu Ciceros Schrift De fato. Berlin ‒ New York: Walter de Gruyter.
[29] Schofield, M. (2003). Stoic Ethics. In B. Inwood (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics (pp. 233–256). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[30] Sedley, D. (2004). Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[31] Sellars, J. (2006). Stoicism. Berkeley ‒ Los Angeles: University of California Press.
[32] Sorabji, R. (1983). Time, Creation and the Continuum. London: Duckworth.
[33] Szekeres, C. (1991). Contagio und vis fatalis. Einige Bemerkungen zu Ciceros de fato. Acta Classica Universitatis Scientiarum Debreceniensis, 26, 57–61.
[34] White, M. J. (2003). Stoic Natural Philosophy (Physics and Cosmology). In B. Inwood (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics (pp. 124–152). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.