Název: O empirickej nevyhnutnosti – kategorické, dispozičné vlastnosti a zákony prírody
Variantní název:
- On empirical neccessity – categorical, dispositional properties and laws of nature
Zdrojový dokument: Pro-Fil. 2022, roč. 23, č. 1, s. 28-42
Rozsah
28-42
-
ISSN1212-9097 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/pf22-1-20946
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.76779
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Pohľady na empirickú nevyhnutnosť možno rozdeliť do dvoch skupín: teórie slabej nevyhnutnosti a teórie silnej nevyhnutnosti. Do prvej teórie patria koncepcie, ktoré uvažujú svet zložený z pasívnych vlastností, akými sú kategorické vlastnosti. Za zmeny vo svete sú zodpovedné zákony prírody, ktoré sa od možného sveta k svetu líšia, a preto aj prejavy týchto vlastností sú odlišné. Druhú teóriu, teóriu silnej nevyhnutnosti, zastávajú filozofi, ktorí predpokladajú existenciu silovo aktívnych vlastností, dispozícií. Práve tieto sú zodpovedné za zmeny vo svete, a vo všetkých možných svetoch sa prejavujú nevyhnutne rovnako. Autor argumentuje v prospech existencie dispozičných vlastností a tvrdí, že dispozičný výklad sveta netrpí modálnymi absurdnosťami, ktorými trpia teórie slabej nevyhnutnosti. Hoci aj dispozičné teórie majú svoje problémy a hlavne mysterióznosti, ktoré môžu viesť až do metafyziky dispozičných monád.
There are two possible views of empirical necessity: theories of weak necessity and theories of strong necessity. The first category contains conceptions that consider the world to be composed of passive, categorical properties. According to such theories, changes in the world are the result of the laws of nature. Not only are the laws of nature different from one possible world to another, but the necessitation of those properties differs as well. The second category contains those philosophers who assume the existence of power active properties, dispositions. According to these theories, changes in the world result from the effects of those properties only, and in every possible world they have the same necessary manifestations. The author argues in favour of the existence of dispositional properties and claims that this dispositional interpretation of the world has no problems with the modal absurdities that affect theories of weak necessity. It is conceded that dispositional theories have their own problems and mainly some mysteries which could lead to the metaphysics of dispositional monads.
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[4] Armstrong, D. M. (1985): What is a Law of Nature?, Cambridge University Press.
[5] Armstrong, D. M. (1989): A Combinatorial theory of possibility, Cambridge University Press.
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[7] Bacon, F. (1990): Nové organon, Nakladatelství Svoboda.
[8] Berkeley, G. (2004) Esej o nové teorii vidění. Pojednání o principech lidského poznání, OIKOYMENH.
[9] Bird, A. (1998): Dispositions and Antidotes, The Philosophical Quarterly 48(191), 227–234.
[10] Bird, A. (2005): The Dispositionalist Conception of Laws, Foundations of Science Vol. 10, Springer, 353–370.
[11] Bird, A. (2007): Nature’s Metaphysics. Laws and Properties, Clarendon Press.
[12] Bruno G. (2006): O nekonečne, vesmíre a svetoch, in Hrušovský, I – Kocka, J. – Pažítka, M. (eds.) Humanizmus a renesancia. Antológia z diel filozofov, IRIS, 143–220.
[13] Descartes, R. (2010): Meditace o první filosofii. Meditationes de prima philosophia, OIKOYMENH.
[14] Dretske, F. I. (1977): Laws of Nature, Philosophy of Science 44(2), 248–268.
[15] Harré, R. – Madden, E. H. (1975): Causal Powers. A Theory of Natural Necessity, Basil Blackwell.
[16] Hume, D. (1960): Treatise of Human Nature, Oxford University Press.
[17] Hume, D. (1996): Zkoumání o lidském rozumu, Nakladatelství Svoboda.
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[20] Jansen, L. (2007): On Ascribing Dispositions, in Kistler, M. – Gnassounou, B. (eds.) Dispositions and Causal Powers, Ashgate, 161–180.
[21] Kripke, S. (1971): Identity and Necessity, in Munitz, M. K. (eds.) Identity and Individuation, University Press, 135–164.
[22] Kripke, S. (2002): Pomenovanie a nevyhnutnosť, Kalligram.
[23] Leibniz, G. W. (1982): Monadologie a jiné práce, Svoboda.
[24] Lewis, D. (1986): On the Plurality of Worlds, Blackwell Publishing.
[25] Lewis, D. (2001): Counterfactuals, Blackwell Publishers.
[26] Locke, J. (2012): Esej o lidském chápání, OIKOYMENH.
[27] Malebranche, N. (2017): Hledání pravdy. 2. díl, Togga.
[28] Martin, C. B. (1994): Dispositions and Conditionals, The Philosophical Quarterly, 44(174), 1–8.
[29] Martin, C. B. (1996): Replies to Armstrong and Place, in Crane, T. (eds.) Dispositions – A debate, Routledge, 126–146.
[30] Molnar, G. (2006): Powers. A Study in Metaphysics, Oxford University Press.
[31] Mumford, S. (1998): Dispositions, Oxford University Press.
[32] Mumford, S. (2009a): Ascribing Dispositions. In Damschen, G. – Shnepf, R. – Stüber, K. (eds.) Debating Dispositions (Issues in Metaphysics, Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind), Walter de Gruyter, 168–185.
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[35] Peroutka, D. (2010a): Aristotelská nauka o potencích, Filosofia.
[36] Peroutka, D. (2010b): Dispoziční predikáty, in Dvořák, P. – Peroutka, D. – Tomala, O. (eds.) Modality v analytické metafyzice, Filosofia, 137–212.
[37] Place, U. T. (1996): Dispositions as Intentional States, in Crane, T. (eds.) Dispositions – A debate, Routledge, 19–32.
[38] Putnam, H. (1973): Meaning and Reference, The Journal of Philosophy, 70(19), 699–711.
[39] Schmidt, M. (2012): O realistických a antirealistických tendenciách v ontológii predmetov, Organon F 19, 255–272.
[40] Schmidt, M. (2020): O objavovaní a konštruovaní možností, Filozofia, 75, No 9, 793–803.
[41] Tooley, M. (1977): The Nature of Laws, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 7, 667–698.
[42] Tooley, M. (1987): Causation: A Realistic Approach, Oxford University Press.