Název: "Illiberal" misanthropy: mîsanthrôpiâ and aneleutheriâ in the rhetorical literature of 4th century BCE Athens
Zdrojový dokument: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2023, roč. 28, č. 2, s. 89-103
Rozsah
89-103
-
ISSN1803-7402 (print)2336-4424 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2023-2-6
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.79117
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Přístupová práva
otevřený přístup
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
This article examines the interconnectedness of the concepts of classical misanthropy or mîsanthrôpiâ and aneleutheriâ or "illiberality" in a politico-legal context in the rhetorical literature of Classical Athens. My approach offers new insight into the complex nature of mîsanthrôpiâ and Athenian societal values, especially regarding the concept of freedom. Mîsanthrôpiâ is usually understood as the universal hatred of humanity, and it is in this sense that the concept is typically used in ancient Graeco-Roman literature. However, in the rhetorical literature of Classical Athens mîsanthrôpiâ is presented as the quality of a free male citizen who is contemptuous of his fellow citizens and who has failed to properly fulfil his obligations to society and exercise his freedom as a member of the polis. In this setting, mîsanthrôpiâ is closely associated with the multifaceted concept of aneleutheriâ and its moral and civic implications. I argue that this specific rhetorical use of mîsanthrôpiâ was unique to the historical context of Classical Athens and its democratic political system and values and that this explains its disappearance from ancient Greek literature at the end of the Classical period.
Reference
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[4] Berthelot, K. (2003). Philanthrôpia Judaica − Le débat autour de la "misanthropie" des lois juives dans l'Antiquité. Leiden − Boston: Brill.
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[6] Christ, M. R. (1998). The Litigious Athenian. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
[7] Christ, M. R. (2006). The Bad Citizen in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[8] Christ, M. R. (2012). The Limits of Altruism in Democratic Athens. Cambridge − New York: Cambridge University Press.
[9] Dover, K. J. (1976). The Freedom of The Intellectual in Greek Society. Taλanta, VII, 24–54.
[10] Dover, K. J. (1994). Greek Popular Morality in The Time of Plato and Aristotle. Indianapolis − Cambridge: Hackett Publishing.
[11] Filonik, J. (2019). 'Living as One Wishes' in Athens: The (Anti-)Democratic Polemics. Classical Philology, 114, 1–24.
[12] Fowler, H. N. (Transl.). (1966). Plato (Vol. 1). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[13] Godley, A. D. (Transl.). (1963). Herodotus: The Persian Wars (Vol. II). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[14] Gulick, Ch. B. (Transl.). (1927). Athenaeus: The Deipnosophists. London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[15] Hall, F. W., & Geldart, W. M. (Eds.). (1907). Aristophanes: Comoediae (Vol. 2). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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[17] Hatzilambrou, R. (2022). Being Unsociable in Classical Athens: A Very Bad Attitude Indeed. In R. Matuszewski (Ed.), Being Alone in Antiquity: Greco-Roman Ideas and Experiences of Misanthropy, Isolation and Solitude (pp. 149–166). Berlin − Boston: De Gruyter.
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[19] Kamen, D. (2009). Servile Invective in Classical Athens. Scripta Classica Israelica, 28, 43–56.
[20] Kamen, D. (2020). Insults in Classical Athens. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
[21] Kock, Th. (1801). Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta, I: Antiquae Comoediae Fragmenta. Leipzig: Teubner.
[22] Kucharski, J. (2012). Vindictive Prosecution in Classical Athens: On Some Recent Theories. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 52, 167–197.
[23] Lamb, W. R. M. (Transl.). (1967). Plato (Vol. 3). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[24] Liddel, P. (2007). Civic obligation and individual liberty in ancient Athens. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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[26] Murray, A. T. (Transl.). (1939). Demosthenes (Vol. 5). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[27] Norlin, G. (Transl.). (1980). Isocrates (Vol. 2). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
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[31] Rackham, H. (Transl.). (1971 [1952]). Aristotle (Vol. 20). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[32] Rackham, H. (Transl.). (1972). Aristotle (Vol. 21). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
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[34] Smith, Ch. F. (Transl.). (1923). Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War (Vol. IV). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[35] Smith, Ch. F. (Transl.). (1928). Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War (Vol. I). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[36] Sulek, M. (2010). On the Classical Meaning of Philanthropy. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 39 (2), 193−212.
[37] Too, Y. L. (2008). A Commentary on Isocrates' Antidosis. New York: Oxford University Press.
[38] Vince, C. A., & Vince, J. H. (Transl.). (1971). Demosthenes (Vol. 2). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[39] Vince, J. H (Transl.). (1978). Demosthenes (Vol. 3). London: William Heinemann Ltd.
[40] Volt, I. (2003). Aspects of Ancient Greek Moral Vocabulary: Illiberality and Servility in Moral Philosophy and Popular Morality. Trames, 7(57/52), 67–82.
[41] Wallace, R. W. (1994). Private Lives and Public Enemies: Freedom of Thought in Classical Athens. In A. L. Beogehold, & A. C. Scafuro (Eds.), Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology (pp. 127–155). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
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