Název: Hex the patriarchy : about the history of feminist witchcraft and how witches on social media correspond to it and shape it
Zdrojový dokument: Sacra. 2024, roč. 22, č. 2, s. 27-42
Rozsah
27-42
-
ISSN1214-5351 (print)2336-4483 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.81090
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Přístupová práva
otevřený přístup
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
"Hex the Patriarchy" examines the interplay between feminist witchcraft and social media. Given the rising visibility of feminist witchcraft on platforms like Instagram and TikTok, the paper delves into the historical evolution of feminist witchcraft from the second wave feminism to the present fourth wave, which is marked by its online mode of resistance. Through social media, contemporary feminist witches draw upon and reframe historical feminist struggles, adapting witchcraft's symbols of resistance and empowerment to suit a global, intersectional feminist discourse. By analyzing digital platforms, the paper illustrates how these contemporary witches navigate, transform, and commodify witchcraft, creating both spaces of community and personal branding. The study ultimately positions digital feminist witchcraft as a complex and evolving force within the broader feminist movement, using the online world to foster solidarity while contending with commercialization and visibility.
Reference
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[2] Berger, H. & Ezzy, D. (2009). Mass Media and Religious Identity: A Case Study of Young Witches. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(3), pp. 501–514.
[3] Brownmiller, S. (1999). In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution. London: Aurum Press Ltd.
[4] Coleman, K. (2009). Re-Riting Women: Dianic Wicca and the Feminine Divine. Plymouth: AltaMira Press.
[5] Delgado, N. (2021). WitchTok: Content Creators Are Bringing Witchcraft to Mainstream Social Media. Found [22.1.2022] at https://www.statepress.com/article/2021/03/specho-a-look-at-witchtok.
[6] Ehrenreich, B. & English, D. (1973). Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers. The Feminist Press.
[7] Eller, C. (1991). Relativizing the Patriarchy: The Sacred History of the Feminist Spirituality Movement. History of Religions, 30(3), pp. 279–295.
[8] Eller, C. (1993). Living in the Lap of the Goddess: The Feminist Spirituality Movement in America. Boston: Beacon.
[9] Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937). Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. London: Oxford University Press.
[10] Feraro, S. (2020). The Goddess is Alive. Magic is Afoot: Radical and Cultural Feminist Influences on Z Budapest's Dianic Witchcraft During the 1970s–1980s. Nova Religio, 24(2), pp. 59–79.
[11] Fustich, K. (2017). Why is Digital Witchcraft so Appealing to Young Women? Found [22.1.2022] at https://psmag.com/news/why-is-digital-witchcraft-so-appealing-to-young-women.
[12] Griffin, W. (1995). The Embodied Goddess: Feminist Witchcraft and Female Divinity. Sociology of Religion, 56(1), pp. 35–48.
[13] Harris, V. (2020). Witches on Surfboards: How Witch Media Has Ridden the Waves of Feminism. Cardinal Compositions, 4, pp. 39–43.
[14] Haenfler, R. (2013). Subcultures: The Basics. London: Routledge.
[15] Hearn, A. & Banet-Weiser, S. (2020). The Beguiling: Glamour in / as Platformed Cultural Production. Social Media + Society, 6(1), pp. 1–11.
[16] Hebdidge, D. (1979). Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Routledge.
[17] Heckmann, C. (2020). What is New Hollywood? The Revolution of 1960s and '70s Hollywood. Found [27.9.2024] at https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-new-hollywood/.
[18] Irigaray, L. (1993). Divine Women. In Sexes and Genealogies (pp. 55–72). New York: Columbia University Press.
[19] Irigaray, L. (2004). Key Writings. New York: Continuum.
[20] Kostopoulos-Riganello, J. (2009). A New Age of Goddess Worship in New Wave Feminism: Witch Way Forward? A Qualitative Study. Bachelor's Thesis. Joondalup: Edith Cowan University.
[21] Kuang, Z. (2021). How Social Media Has Revolutionized Feminism. Found [21.1.2022] at https://www.redefy.org/stories/how-social-media-has-revolutionized-feminism.
[22] Kwaschik, A. (2023). "We Witches." Knowledge Wars, Experience and Spirituality in the Women's Movement During the 1970s. NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin, 31, pp. 171–199.
[23] Leeson, P. & Russ, J. (2017). Witch Trials. The Economic Journal, 128, pp. 2066–2105.
[24] Lenz, I. (2008). Die neue Frauenbewegung in Deutschland: Abschied vom kleinen Unterschied, Eine Quellensammlung. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
[25] Lewis, I. & Russell, J. B. (2024). Witchcraft. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Found [4.5.2024] at https://www.britannica.com/topic/witchcraft.
[26] Magno, G. & Weber, I. (2014). International Gender Differences and Gaps in Online Social Networks. In L. M. Aeiello & D. McFarland (Eds.). Social Informatics 6th International Conference, SocInfo 2014 Barcelona, Spain, November 11-13, 2014 Proceedings (pp. 121–138). Heidelberg: Springer.
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[28] Miller, C. (25.1.2022). How Modern Witches Enchant TikTok: Intersections of Digital, Consumer, and Material Culture(s) on #WitchTok. Religions, 13, Article 118. Found [14.11.2024] at https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020118.
[29] Morrison, M. (2020). Witches of Instagram: How Social Media's Wiccans Formed a 'Community Not a Coven'. Found [22.1.2022] at https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/people/witches-social-media-instagram-youtube-wicca-209631.
[30] Mulvey, A. P. & Keller, J. M. (2023). Brooms and Ballots: #WitchTheVote, the Nostalgic Internet, and Intersectional Feminist Politics on Instagram. Social Media + Society, 9(4), pp. 1–13.
[31] Nice, H.. (2018). WICCA. A Modern Guide to Witchcraft & Magick. London: Orion Spring.
[32] Orion, L. (1994). Never Again the Burning Times: Paganism Revisited. Long Grove: Waveland
[33] Orrell, E. (2019). 'I Just Like Thinking about the Moon and Lighting Candles': 21st Century Witches on Instagram. Ethnographic Encounters, 10(1), pp. 6–12.
[34] Pew Research Center. (2014). Religious Landscape Study. Found [29.9.2024] at https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/database/.
[35] Powell, C. (2018). How Social Media Has Reshaped Feminism. Found [21.1.2022] at https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-social-media-has-reshaped-feminism.
[36] Reece, G. (2016). Contemporary Pagans and Stigmatized Identity. The Pomegranate, 18(1), pp. 60–95.
[37] r/Wicca. (2024). r/Wicca. Found [27.9.2024] at https://www.reddit.com/r/Wicca/.
[38] r/Witchcraft. (2024). r/Witchcraft. Found [27.9.2024] at https://www.reddit.com/r/witchcraft/.
[39] r/WitchesVsPatriarchy. (2024). WitchesVsPatriarchy. Found [27.9.2024] at https://www.reddit.com/r/WitchesVsPatriarchy/.
[40] Sehl, K. (2021). Instagram Demographics in 2021: Important User Stats for Marketers. Found [26.1.2022] at https://blog.hootsuite.com/instagram-demographics/.
[41] Sky Life. (2020). This Witch Uses Magic To Manifest Her Desires. [YouTube]. Found [23.1.2022] at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gT54KSwmjGI.
[42] Souza, F. (2016). Don't Mess with a Witch: Power Relations, Gender and Subcultural Issues on Witches' Representation in the Media. Dissertation thesis. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
[43] Stausberger, M. (2020). Die Heilsbringer: Eine Globalgeschichte der Religionen im 20. Jahrhundert. C.H. Beck.
[44] Temple of Diana Inc. (2024). Women's Mysteries. Found [3.11.2024] at https://www.templeo-fdiana.org/.
[45] Thrift, S. (2020). Digital Feminism: Networks of Resistance, Neo-Liberalism, and New Contexts for Activism in Canada. In T. A. Small & H. J. Jansen (Eds.). Digital Politics in Canada: Promises and Realities (pp. 263–286). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
[46] Trammell, S. (2020). Witch-Media: A Lens for Understanding Female Empowerment. Waco: Baylor University.
[47] White, E. (2016). Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Chicago: Sussex Academic Press.
[48] Wills, K. (2021). They Wear Balenciaga, Cast Spells on Instagram Live and Swear by Sound-Healing – Meet the New Breed of London Witches. Found [22.1.2022] at https:// www.standard.co.uk/insider/london-witches-feminism-urban-witchcraft-b962858.html.
[49] Winter, M. T., Lummis, A., & Stokes, A. (1994). Defecting in Place. Women Claiming Re-sponsibility for their Own Spiritual Lives. New York: Crossroad.
[50] W.I.T.C.H. (2020). W.I.T.C.H. Manifesto. In Fahs, B. (Ed.). Burn it Down! Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution (p. 465). London: Verso.
[51] Winquist, C. (2023). Feminism and Witchcraft on Reddit – A Mixed Methods Analysis of r/WitchesVsPatriarchy. Master's thesis. Malmö: Malmö University.
[52] Women's Media Center. (2017). Divided 2017: The Media Gender Gap. Found [14.11.2024] at https://womensmediacenter.com/reports/divided-2017.
[53] Zeisler, A. (2016). We Were Feminists Once: From Riot Grrrl to CoverGirl®, the Buying and Selling of a Political Movement. New York: Public Affairs.