Title: Dispoziční optimismus a defenzivní pesimismus ve vztahu k situační úzkosti a dispoziční úzkostnosti
Variant title:
- Dispositional optimism and defensive pessimism in relation to anxiety
Source document: Klinická psychologie a osobnost. 2012, vol. 1, iss. 1, pp. 65-72
Extent
65-72
-
ISSN1805-6393 (print)2336-4432 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/125963
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Výzkumná studie se zabývá vztahem mezi dispozičním optimismem (Carver & Scheier, 2002), defenzivním pesimismem (Cantor & Norem, 1989) a anxietou. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 146 vysokoškolských studentů a absolventů ve věku mezi 20 a 30 lety. Testová baterie zahrnovala Dotazník defenzivního pesimismu (DPQ), Test životní orientace (LOT-R) a Inventář úzkosti jako stavu a úzkostnosti jako rysu (STAI). Výsledky výzkumu potvrdily některá teoretická východiska. Defenzivní pesimismus pozitivně souvisí s úzkostností. Mezi dispozičním optimismem a úzkostností byl naopak nalezen negativní vztah. Ověřili jsme, že defenzivní pesimismus a dispoziční optimismus jsou na sobě nezávislé, od sebe odlišné teoretické konstrukty.
The exploratory study contributes to clarifications on relation among dispositional optimism/pessimism (Carver & Scheier, 2002), defensive pessimism (Cantor & Norem, 1989) and anxiety. We collected data from 146 undergraduate and graduate students at the age from 20 to 30. Three measures were used: the Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire (DPQ), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The results supported some of hypothesized relations. The defensive pessimism has positive relation to trait anxiety, by contrast dispositional optimism and trait anxiety relate negatively. We found that defensive pessimism and dispositional optimism are different and independent theoretical constructs.
References
[1] Cantor, N., & Norem, J. K. (1989). Defensive Pessimism and Stress nad Coping. Social Cognition, 7, 2, 92 – 112. | DOI 10.1521/soco.1989.7.2.92
[2] Carver, Ch. S., & Scheier, M. (2002). Optimism. In C. R. Snyder, Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 234-243). Oxford University Press.
[3] Gasper, K., Lozinski, R. H., & LeBeau L. S. (2009). If you plan, then you can: How reflection helps defensive pessimists pursue their goals. Motivation & Emotion, 33, 2, 203-216. | DOI 10.1007/s11031-009-9125-5
[4] Chang, E. C. (Ed.). (2002). Optimism & Pessimism, Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. APA, Washington, DC.
[5] Lancastle, D., & Boivin, J. (2005). Dispositional Optimism, Trait Anxiety, and Coping: Unique or Shared Effects on Biological Response to Fertility Treatment? Health Psychology, 24, 2, 171-178. | DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.171
[6] Müllner, J., Ruisel, I., & Farkaš, G. (1980). Príručka pre administráciu, interpretáciu a vyhodnocovanie dotazníka na meranie úzkosti a úzkostlivosti. Bratislava: Psychodiagnostické a didaktické testy.
[7] Seligman M., Castellon, C., Cacciola, J., Schulman, P., Luborsky, L., Ollove, M., & Downing, R. (1988). Explanatory style change during cognitive therapy for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 13 – 18. | DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.97.1.13
[8] Seligman, M. (1990). Learned optimism. New York: Knopf.
[9] Seligman, M. (2003). Opravdové štěstí. Euromedia Group, Praha.
[10] Showers, C., & Ruben, C. (1990). Distinguishing defensive pessimism from depression: Negative expectations and positive coping mechanisms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 385 – 399. | DOI 10.1007/BF01172934
[11] Scheier, M. F., Carver, CH, S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing Optimism From Neuroticism (and Trait Anxiety, Self-Mastery, and Self- Esteem): A Reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 6, 1063 – 1078. | DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
[12] Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford University Press.
[13] Taylor, S. E., & Brown, L. (1994). Positive illusions and well-being revisited: separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 1, 21-27. | DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.21
[14] Taylor, S. E., & Brown, L. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 2, 193-210. | DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193
[15] Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 5, 806-820. | DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806
[2] Carver, Ch. S., & Scheier, M. (2002). Optimism. In C. R. Snyder, Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 234-243). Oxford University Press.
[3] Gasper, K., Lozinski, R. H., & LeBeau L. S. (2009). If you plan, then you can: How reflection helps defensive pessimists pursue their goals. Motivation & Emotion, 33, 2, 203-216. | DOI 10.1007/s11031-009-9125-5
[4] Chang, E. C. (Ed.). (2002). Optimism & Pessimism, Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. APA, Washington, DC.
[5] Lancastle, D., & Boivin, J. (2005). Dispositional Optimism, Trait Anxiety, and Coping: Unique or Shared Effects on Biological Response to Fertility Treatment? Health Psychology, 24, 2, 171-178. | DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.171
[6] Müllner, J., Ruisel, I., & Farkaš, G. (1980). Príručka pre administráciu, interpretáciu a vyhodnocovanie dotazníka na meranie úzkosti a úzkostlivosti. Bratislava: Psychodiagnostické a didaktické testy.
[7] Seligman M., Castellon, C., Cacciola, J., Schulman, P., Luborsky, L., Ollove, M., & Downing, R. (1988). Explanatory style change during cognitive therapy for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 13 – 18. | DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.97.1.13
[8] Seligman, M. (1990). Learned optimism. New York: Knopf.
[9] Seligman, M. (2003). Opravdové štěstí. Euromedia Group, Praha.
[10] Showers, C., & Ruben, C. (1990). Distinguishing defensive pessimism from depression: Negative expectations and positive coping mechanisms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 385 – 399. | DOI 10.1007/BF01172934
[11] Scheier, M. F., Carver, CH, S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing Optimism From Neuroticism (and Trait Anxiety, Self-Mastery, and Self- Esteem): A Reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 6, 1063 – 1078. | DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
[12] Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford University Press.
[13] Taylor, S. E., & Brown, L. (1994). Positive illusions and well-being revisited: separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 1, 21-27. | DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.21
[14] Taylor, S. E., & Brown, L. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 2, 193-210. | DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193
[15] Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 5, 806-820. | DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806