Title: Žáci jako spolužáci : participace žáků na výukové komunikaci v kontextu jejich vlivu ve třídě
Variant title:
- Students as classmates : students' participation in classroom discourse in the context of their social dominance
Source document: Studia paedagogica. 2021, vol. 26, iss. 1, pp. 39-68
Extent
39-68
-
ISSN1803-7437 (print)2336-4521 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2021-1-2
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/143770
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Předložená studie vychází z faktu, že participace žáků na výukové komunikaci se promítá také do jejich vzdělávacích výsledků, přičemž míra participace žáků je ovlivněna mimo jiné jejich postavením mezi ostatními spolužáky. Cílem této studie proto je z jistit, jakou podobu má participace žáků v kontextu vlivu, který jim přisuzují ostatní spolužáci ve třídě. Studie je koncipována jako kvalitativní výzkumné šetření, jež se opírá o datový korpus složený z videonahrávek série šesti vyučovacích hodin českého jaz yka a literatury ze čtyř devátých tříd českých základních škol (celkem 24 vyučovacích hodin), o data z rozhovorů s žáky i jejich učitelkami českého jaz yka, o výsledky sociometrických ratingových dotazníků a další doplňující data. Zaměřujeme se na participaci dvanácti žáků, kteří byli na základě sociometrického ratingového dotazníku vybráni jakožto žáci s nejnižším (osm žáků) a nejvyšším (čtyři žáci) individuálním indexem vlivu. Z našich výsledků vyplývá, že participace těchto žáků se výrazně odlišuje na úrovni rozhodnutí ne/participovat, z hlediska důvodů, pro které žáci ne/participují (vyhnout se posměchu vs. být slyšet), i z hlediska nastavení podmínek ke komunikaci s učitelkami a jejich odůvodňováním (hájení žáků vs. udržení kontroly nad situací). Za hodnotné považujeme výsledky vztahující se k participaci žáků s vysokým indexem vlivu a nejslabšími známkami, neboť právě tito žáci do výukové komunikace vnášejí repliky s argumenty a otevírají tzv. dialogický prostor. Z tohoto nálezu vyvozujeme didaktické implikace a poukazujeme na to, že zásadní podíl na tom, zda žáci argumentují, mají sami učitelé a jejich nastavení regulativního diskurzu ve třídě
This study is based on the fact that student participation in educational communication influences their academic achievement and that the extent of student participation is influenced by their position among their peers in the classroom. Therefore, this study inquires as to how students with the lowest and the highest level of dominance, as ascribed to them by their peers, participate in classroom discourse. Based on a sociometric rating-scale measure of dominance, this study investigates the participation of 12 Czech ninth grade students, out of which four have the highest and eight the lowest individual index of dominance. Our findings show that the participation of these students differs greatly, both in their choice of whether to participate and in their interpretations of why they do so. Our study also shows that teachers influence whether some students will participate by setting up beneficial conditions for participation. This study presents a significant finding: students who participate with argumentation and open the "dialogic space" are students who have a high index of dominance and the lowest academic achievement. We use this finding to propose implications for teaching and for emphasizing that teachers and how they establish regulative discourse in the classroom are important factors in deciding whether students participate with argumentation.
Note
Tento text je výstupem z projektu Kolektivita v dialogickém vyučování: intervenční studie (GA21-16021S) financovaném Grantovou agenturou České republiky.
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[47] Šeďová, K. (2019). Mluvit, či nemluvit? Participace na výukové komunikaci očima vokálních a tichých žáků a jejich učitelek. Orbis scholae, 13(2), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2019.3
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