Title: On the part of ratified participants: ratified listeners in multi-party interactions
Source document: Brno studies in English. 2014, vol. 40, iss. 1, pp. [27]-44
Extent
[27]-44
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2014-1-2
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/131481
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
This paper aims to elucidate the categories of listening ratified participants in multi-party interactions in the light of the existing literature on participation frameworks. First of all, a distinction is drawn between an addressed ratified participant, the addressee, and an unaddressed ratified participant, dubbed the third party, whose subtypes are teased out. A crucial modification in the proposed classification of participants concerns an individual, commonly regarded as the bystander/overhearer, who is ratified and attains the status of the third party, thanks to the speaker's intention to communicate meanings to him/her. Several subordinate phenomena are also highlighted, such as the change of roles halfway through a turn, or collective roles. The discussion of participatory phenomena is illustrated with verisimilar examples taken from a popular American series entitled "House".
References
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[2] Bell, Allan (1991) The Language of News Media. Oxford: Blackwell.
[3] Clark, Herbert (1996) Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Clark, Herbert and Thomas Carlson (1982) "Hearers and speech acts." Language 58, 332–372. | DOI 10.1353/lan.1982.0042
[5] Clark, Herbert and Edward Schaefer (1987) "Concealing one's meaning from overhearers." Journal of Memory and Language 26, 209–225. | DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(87)90124-0
[6] Clark, Herbert and Edward Schaefer (1992) "Dealing with overhearers." In: Clark, Herbert (ed.) Arenas of Language Use. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 248–273.
[7] Coupland, Nikolas (2004) "Stylised deception." In: Jaworski, Adam, Nikolas Coupland and Dariusz Galasiński (eds.) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 249–274.
[8] Dynel, Marta (2010a) "Friend or foe? Chandler's humour from the metarecipient's perspective." In: Witczak-Plisiecka, Iwona (ed.), Pragmatic Perspectives on Language and Linguistics Vol. II: Pragmatics of Semantically Restricted Domains. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 175–205.
[9] Dynel, Marta (2010b) "Not hearing things – Hearer/listener categories in polylogues." mediAzioni 9. http://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it, ISSN 1974-4382.
[10] Dynel, Marta (2010c) "On 'Revolutionary Road': A proposal for extending the Gricean model of communication to cover multiple hearers." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 6.2, 283–304.
[11] Dynel, Marta (2011a) "'You talking to me?' The viewer as a ratified hearer." Journal of Pragmatics 43, 1628–1644. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.11.016
[12] Dynel, Marta (2011b) "Stranger than fiction? A few methodological notes on linguistic research in film discourse." Brno Studies in English 37 (1), 41–61.
[13] Dynel, Marta (2011c) "Revisiting Goffman's postulates on participant statuses in verbal interaction." Language and Linguistics Compass. Sociolinguistics 5 (7), 454–465. | DOI 10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00286.x
[14] Dynel, Marta (2012) "Setting our House in order: The workings of impoliteness in multi-party film discourse." Journal of Politeness Research 8: 161–194.
[15] Goffman, Erving (1981a) "Replies and responses." In: Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 5–77. [Originally published as Goffman, Erving (1976) "Replies and responses." Language in Society 5, 257–313.]
[16] Goffman, Erving (1981b) "Response cries." In: Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 78–123. [Originally published as Goffman, Erving (1978) "Response cries." Language 54, 787–815.]
[17] Goffman, Erving (1981c) "Footing." In: Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 124–159. [Originally published as Goffman, Erving (1979) “Footing.” Semiotica 25, 1–29.]
[18] Goffman, Erving (1981d) "Radio talk: A study of the ways of our errors." Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 197–330.
[19] Goodwin, Charles (1979) "The interactive construction of a sentence in natural conversation." In: George Psathas (ed.) Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology. New York: Irvington, 97–121.
[20] Goodwin, Charles (1981) Conversational Organization: Interaction Between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press.
[21] Grimshaw, Allen (ed.). 1996 [1990]. Conflict Talk: Sociolinguistic Investigations in Conversations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[22] Hymes, Dell (1972) "Models of the interaction of language and social life." In: John Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds.) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 35–71.
[23] Hymes, Dell (1974) Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. University of Pennsylvania Press.
[24] Levinson, Stephen (1988) "Putting linguistics on a proper footing: Explorations in Goffman's participation framework." In: Paul Drew and Anthony Wootton (eds.) Erving Goffman: Exploring the Interaction Order. Oxford: Polity Press, 161–227.
[25] Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson (1974) "A simplest systematics for the organisation of turn-taking for conversation." Language 50, 696–735. | DOI 10.2307/412243
[26] Schegloff, Emanuel and Harvey Sacks (1973) "Opening up closings." Semiotica 8, 289–327.
[27] Schober, Michael and Herbert Clark (1989) "Understanding by addressees and overhearers." Cognitive Psychology 21, 211–232. | DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(89)90008-X
[28] Sidnell, Jack (2009) "Participation." In: Sigurd D'hondt, Jan-Ola Östman and Jef Verschueren (eds.) The Pragmatics of Interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 125–156.
[29] Thomas, Jenny (1986) The dynamics of discourse: A pragmatic analysis of confrontational interaction. Unpublished PhD thesis, Lancaster University, UK.
[30] Verschueren, Jef (1999) Understanding Pragmatics. London: Arnold.