Název: Discourse markers in writing on Facebook by early balanced English/Italian bilinguals
Variantní název:
- Discourse markers in online writing by early balanced English/Italian bilinguals
Zdrojový dokument: Brno studies in English. 2019, roč. 45, č. 2, s. [77]-100
Rozsah
[77]-100
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2019-2-4
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/142184
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
This article presents a case study concerning the use of discourse markers (further – 'DMs') in the writing of status updates on Facebook by a group of early balanced English/Italian bilinguals (further – 'participants'), who were born in Australia in the families of Italian immigrants. The corpus of the participants' status updates on Facebook was analysed by means of the WordSmith software for linguistic analysis (Scott 2008) in order to identify the frequency of DMs used by the participants in the English and Italian languages, respectively. The results of the data analysis indicated that the participants employed, predominantly, English DMs (for instance, and, but, though, and yep), while the repertoire of the Italian DMs was limited to diciamo (English equivalents, e.g. let's say, I mean), ecco (English equivalents, e.g. here, well), and ma (English equivalents, e.g., but, yet). These findings are further presented and discussed in the article.
Reference
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[49] Pérez-Sabater, Carmen and Ginette Maguelouk Moffo (2019) Managing identity in football communities on Facebook: Language preference and language mixing strategies. Lingua. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384118303905.
[50] Povolná, Renata (2012) Casual and contrastive discourse markers in novice academic writing. Brno Studies in English 38 (2), 131–148. | DOI 10.5817/BSE2012-2-8
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[52] Riley, Jacqueline (2015) Bilingual Facebook users' cognitive writing processes. Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology 41 (1), 1–17.
[53] Rysová, Magdalena and Kateřina Rysová (2018) Primary and secondary discourse connectives: Constraints and preferences. Journal of Pragmatics 130, 16–32. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2018.03.013
[54] Sankoff, Gillian, Pierette Thibault, Naomi Nagy, Helene Blondeau, Marie-Odile Fonollosa and Lucie Gagnon (1997) Variation in the use of discourse markers in a language contact situation. Language Variation and Change 9 (2), 191–217.
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[59] Tao, Lily, Anna Marzecová, Marcus Taft, Dariusz Asanowicz and Zofia Wodniecka (2011) The efficiency of attentional networks in early and late bilinguals: the role of age of acquisition. Frontiers in Psychology 2, 1–19.
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[61] Trillo, Jesus Romero (2002) The pragmatic fossilization of discourse markers in non-native speakers of English. Journal of Pragmatics 34 (6), 769–784. | DOI 10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00022-X
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[64] Wang, Xin (2013) Language dominance in translation priming: Evidence from balanced and unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 66 (4), 727–743. | DOI 10.1080/17470218.2012.716072
[65] Yang, Sujin, Hwajin Yang and Andree Hartanto (2019) The effects of script variation, literacy skills, and immersion experience on executive attention: A comparison of matched monoscriptal and biscriptal bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22 (1), 142–156. | DOI 10.1017/S1366728917000633
[66] Yow, Quin W. and Xiaoqian Li (2015) Balanced bilingualism and early age of second language acquisition as the underlying mechanisms of a bilingual executive control advantage: why variations in bilingual experiences matter. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 1–12.
[2] Androutsopoulos, Jannis (2015) Networked multilingualism: Some language practices on Facebook and their implications. International Journal of Bilingualism 19 (2), 185–205. | DOI 10.1177/1367006913489198
[3] Androutsopoulos, Jannis (2014) Moments of sharing: Entextualization and linguistic repertoires in social networking. Journal of Pragmatics 73, 4–18. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2014.07.013
[4] Ardila, Alfredo, Krystal Garcia, Melissa Garcia, Joselyn Mejia and Grace Vado (2017) Writing and reading knowledge of Spanish/English second-generation bilinguals. Reading and Writing 30(2), 387–400. | DOI 10.1007/s11145-016-9681-5
[5] Bazzanella, Carla, Cristina Bosco, Alessandro Garcea, Barbara G. Fivela, Johanna Miecznikowski and Francesca T. Brunozzi (2007) Italian allora, French alors: Functions, convergences and divergences. Catalan Journal of Linguistics, 6 (1), 9–30. | DOI 10.5565/rev/catjl.122
[6] Blommaert, Jan, James Collins and Stef Slembrouck (2005) Spaces of multilingualism. Language & Communication 25 (3), 197–216. | DOI 10.1016/j.langcom.2005.05.002
[7] Bongartz, Christiane and Jacopo Torregrossa (2017) The effects of balanced biliteracy on GreekGerman bilingual children's secondary discourse ability. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 1, 1–16. | DOI 10.1080/13670050.2017.1355888
[8] Chenoweth, Anne N. and John R. Hayes (2001) Fluency in writing: Generating text in L1 and L2. Written Communication 18 (1), 80–98.
[9] Christiansen, M. Sidury (2018) '¡ Hable Bien M'ijo o Gringo o Mx!': language ideologies in the digital communication practices of transnational Mexican bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 21 (4), 439–450. | DOI 10.1080/13670050.2016.1181603
[10] Cieślicka, Anna B. (2015) Idiom acquisition and processing by second/foreign language learners. In Heredia, R. R. and Cieślicka, A. B. (Eds.) Bilingual figurative language processing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 208–244.
[11] Dailey-O'Cain, Jennifer and Grit Liebscher (2006) Language learners' use of discourse markers as evidence for a mixed code. International Journal of Bilingualism 10 (1), 89–109. | DOI 10.1177/13670069060100010501
[12] de la Luz Reyes, Maria (2012) Spontaneous Biliteracy: Examining Latino Students' Untapped Potential. Theory Into Practice 51 (4), 248–255. | DOI 10.1080/00405841.2012.726052
[13] Dunn, Alexandra L. and Jean E. Fox Tree (2009) A quick, gradient bilingual dominance scale. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12 (3), 273–289. | DOI 10.1017/S1366728909990113
[14] Flores-Ferrán, Nydia (2014) So pues entonces: An examination of bilingual discourse markers in Spanish oral narratives of personal experience of New York City-born Puerto Ricans. Sociolinguistic Studies 8 (1), 57. | DOI 10.1558/sols.v8i1.57
[15] Foursha-Stevenson, Cassandra and Elena Nicoladis (2011) Early emergence of syntactic awareness and cross-linguistic influence in bilingual children's judgments. International Journal of Bilingualism 15 (4), 521–534. | DOI 10.1177/1367006911425818
[16] Fox Tree, Jean E. (2015) Discourse markers in writing. Discourse Studies 17 (1), 64–82.
[17] Fox Tree, Jean E. (2010) Discourse markers across speakers and settings. Language and Linguistics Compass 4 (5), 269–281. | DOI 10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00195.x
[18] Fox Tree, Jean E. (2000) Spontaneous talk. In: Linda Wheeldon (ed.) Aspects of language production. New York: Taylor and Francis, 375–404.
[19] Fox Tree, Jean E. and Josef C. Schrock (1999) Discourse markers in spontaneous speech: Oh what a difference an oh makes. Journal of Memory and Language 40 (2), 280–295. | DOI 10.1006/jmla.1998.2613
[20] Francis, Norbert (2005) Bilingual children's writing: Self-correction and revision of written narratives in Spanish and Nahuatl. Linguistics and Education 16 (1), 74–92.
[21] Fraser, Bruce (2015) The combining of Discourse Markers – A beginning. Journal of Pragmatics 86, 48–53. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.007
[22] Fraser, Bruce (1999) What are discourse markers?. Journal of Pragmatics 31 (7), 931–952. | DOI 10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00101-5
[23] Fraser, Bruce (1988) Types of English discourse markers. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 38 (1-4), 19–33.
[24] Fuller, Janet M. (2001) The principle of pragmatic detachability in borrowing: English-origin discourse markers in Pennsylvania German. Linguistics 39 (2), 351–370.
[25] Fung, Loretta and Ronald Carter (2007) Discourse markers and spoken English: Native and learner use in pedagogic settings. Applied Linguistics 28 (3), 410–439. | DOI 10.1093/applin/amm030
[26] Gollan, Tamar H., Gali H. Weissberger, Elin Runnqvist, Rosa I. Montoya and Cynthia C. Cera (2012) Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: A Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15 (3), 594–615. | DOI 10.1017/S1366728911000332
[27] Gort, Mileidis (2006) Strategic codeswitching, interliteracy, and other phenomena of emergent bilingual writing: Lessons from first grade dual language classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 6 (3), 323–354. | DOI 10.1177/1468798406069796
[28] Goss, Emily L. and Joseph C. Salmons (2000) The evolution of a Bilingual Discourse Marking System: Modal particles and English markers in German-American dialects. International Journal of Bilingualism 4 (4), 469–484. | DOI 10.1177/13670069000040040501
[29] Green, David W. (1998) Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and cognition 1 (2), 67–81. | DOI 10.1017/S1366728998000133
[30] Grosjean, François (2010) Bilingual. Life and Reality. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
[31] Grosjean, François (1994) Individual bilingualism. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 3, 1656–1660.
[32] Heine, Bernd (2013) On discourse markers: Grammaticalization, pragmaticalization, or something else? Linguistics 51 (6), 1205–1247.
[33] Heredia, Roberto R. and Jeanette Altarriba (2001) Bilingual language mixing: Why do bilinguals code-switch?. Current Directions in Psychological Science 10 (5), 164–168. | DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00140
[34] Heredia, Roberto R. and Anna B. Cieślicka (2014) Bilingual memory storage: Compound-coordinate and derivatives. In: Roberto R. Heredia and Jeanette Altarriba (eds.), Foundations of bilingual memory. New York: Springer, 11–39.
[35] Hlavac, Jim (2006) Bilingual discourse markers: Evidence from Croatian–English code-switching. Journal of Pragmatics 38 (11), 1870–1900. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.05.005
[36] Kapranov, Oleksandr (2014) Syntactic performance in online written discourse by an English/ Swedish bilingual with Asperger's syndrome: A Case Study. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 1 (1), 74–80.
[37] Kapranov, Oleksandr (2019) Discourse markers in the novice translator students' translations from Swedish into English. In: Michal Organ (ed.), Translation Today: Applied Translation Studies in Focus. Berlin: Peter Lang, 63–80.
[38] MacSwan, Jeff (2008) Code switching and grammatical theory. In: Tej K, Bhatia and William Ritchie (eds.) The Handbook of Bilingualism. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 282–311.
[39] Majchrzak, Olga (2017) Learner Identity and Learner Beliefs in EFL Writing. Switzerland: Springer.
[40] Maschler, Yael (2000) Toward fused lects: Discourse markers in Hebrew English bilingual conversation twelve years later. International Journal of Bilingualism 4 (4), 529–561. | DOI 10.1177/13670069000040040801
[41] Maschler, Yael and Deborah Schiffrin (2015) Discourse markers: Language, meaning, and context. The Handbook of Discourse Analysis 2, 189–221.
[42] Matras, Yaron (2000) Fusion and the cognitive basis for bilingual discourse markers. International Journal of Bilingualism 4 (4), 505–528. | DOI 10.1177/13670069000040040701
[43] Meisel, Juergen M. (2007) The weaker language in early child bilingualism: Acquiring a first language as a second language?. Applied Psycholinguistics 28 (3), 495–514. | DOI 10.1017/S0142716407070270
[44] Nicoladis, Elena (2006) Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective–noun strings by preschool bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 9 (1), 15–32. | DOI 10.1017/S136672890500235X
[45] Olshtain, Elite and Shoshana Blum-Kulka (1989) Happy Hebrish: Mixing and switching in American Israeli family interaction. In: Susan Gass et al. (eds.), Variation in Second Language Acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 59–83.
[46] Orsolini, Margherita (1993) Because in children's discourse. Applied Psycholinguistics 14 (1), 89–120. | DOI 10.1017/S014271640001016X
[47] Paculanang, Maria Dolores (2018) Code-switching and discourse markers: The case of the anxious Cebuano-Visayan teacher-interns. Prism 22 (2), 1–28.
[48] Page, Ruth (2010) Re-examining narrativity: Small stories in status updates. Text & Talk. An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse & Communication Studies 30 (4), 423–444. | DOI 10.1515/text.2010.021
[49] Pérez-Sabater, Carmen and Ginette Maguelouk Moffo (2019) Managing identity in football communities on Facebook: Language preference and language mixing strategies. Lingua. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024384118303905.
[50] Povolná, Renata (2012) Casual and contrastive discourse markers in novice academic writing. Brno Studies in English 38 (2), 131–148. | DOI 10.5817/BSE2012-2-8
[51] Reershemius, Gertrud (2017) Autochthonous heritage languages and social media: writing and bilingual practices in Low German on Facebook. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 38 (1), 35–49. | DOI 10.1080/01434632.2016.1151434
[52] Riley, Jacqueline (2015) Bilingual Facebook users' cognitive writing processes. Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology 41 (1), 1–17.
[53] Rysová, Magdalena and Kateřina Rysová (2018) Primary and secondary discourse connectives: Constraints and preferences. Journal of Pragmatics 130, 16–32. | DOI 10.1016/j.pragma.2018.03.013
[54] Sankoff, Gillian, Pierette Thibault, Naomi Nagy, Helene Blondeau, Marie-Odile Fonollosa and Lucie Gagnon (1997) Variation in the use of discourse markers in a language contact situation. Language Variation and Change 9 (2), 191–217.
[55] Schiffrin, Deborah (1987) Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[56] Scott, Mike (2008) WordSmith tools version 5. Liverpool: Lexical Analysis Software 122.
[57] SPSS (2009) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A software program by IBM
[58] Stevenson, Marie, Rob Schoonen and Kees de Glopper (2006) Revising in two languages: A multidimensional comparison of online writing revisions in L1 and FL. Journal of Second Language Writing 15 (3), 201–233. | DOI 10.1016/j.jslw.2006.06.002
[59] Tao, Lily, Anna Marzecová, Marcus Taft, Dariusz Asanowicz and Zofia Wodniecka (2011) The efficiency of attentional networks in early and late bilinguals: the role of age of acquisition. Frontiers in Psychology 2, 1–19.
[60] Torres, Lourdes (2002) Bilingual discourse markers in Puerto Rican Spanish. Language in Society 31 (1), 65–83. | DOI 10.1017/S0047404502001033
[61] Trillo, Jesus Romero (2002) The pragmatic fossilization of discourse markers in non-native speakers of English. Journal of Pragmatics 34 (6), 769–784. | DOI 10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00022-X
[62] Van der Linden, Lize, Laurence Dricot, Miet De Letter, Wouter Duyck, Marie-Pierre de Partz, Adrian Ivanoiu and Arnaud Szmalec (2018) A case study about the interplay between language control and cognitive abilities in bilingual differential aphasia: Behavioral and brain correlates. Journal of Neurolinguistics 46, 37–68. | DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.011
[63] Waltereit, Richard (2006) The rise of discourse markers in Italian: a specific type of language change. Approaches to Discourse Particles 1, 61–76.
[64] Wang, Xin (2013) Language dominance in translation priming: Evidence from balanced and unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 66 (4), 727–743. | DOI 10.1080/17470218.2012.716072
[65] Yang, Sujin, Hwajin Yang and Andree Hartanto (2019) The effects of script variation, literacy skills, and immersion experience on executive attention: A comparison of matched monoscriptal and biscriptal bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22 (1), 142–156. | DOI 10.1017/S1366728917000633
[66] Yow, Quin W. and Xiaoqian Li (2015) Balanced bilingualism and early age of second language acquisition as the underlying mechanisms of a bilingual executive control advantage: why variations in bilingual experiences matter. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 1–12.