Název: Vizualizace dat jako informační bariéra u nevidomých uživatelů
Variantní název:
- Data visualization as an information barrier for blind users
Zdrojový dokument: ProInflow. 2021, roč. 13, č. 2, s. [50]-67
Rozsah
[50]-67
-
ISSN1804-2406 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/ProIn2021-2-4
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/144422
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
Účel – Při vizuální komunikaci dat v médiích, vědě i vzdělávání musíme brát na zřetel, že jisté procento příjemců bude limitováno ve svém vizuálním vnímání. Znevýhodnění vizuálního vnímání mohou být různorodá a pohybují se na širokém spektru od běžných krátkozrakostí/dalekozrakostí a poruch barvocitu, se kterými je možné se vypořádat relativně jednoduše, až k úplné ztrátě vizuálního vnímání, tedy slepotě. Ta dosud není ve vizualizační komunitě příliš často řešena, přestože vytváří zásadní informační bariéru. Design/metodologie/přístup – Příspěvek je pojat jako koncepční článek, který přináší syntézu poznatků z dosavadních prací a výzkumů v konkrétních tématech a prezentuje je skrze pohled nového kontextu tak, aby poskytl odrazový můstek pro další výzkum, který by měl zaplnit současná palčivá bílá místa. Výsledky – Koncepční článek přináší syntézu dosavadních debat a přístupů k překonávání bariér v oblasti vizuálního vnímání vizualizací a nahlíží na ně v širším kontextu. Jádrem textu jsou pak otázky o smysluplných podobách a přístupech k návrhu možných asistivních technologií i k jejich sociálním aspektům: příspěvek argumentuje, že prostá haptizace vizuálních předobrazů nemusí být dostatečnou cestou, je však nutné promýšlet i sociální aspekty zkoumaných řešení. Originalita/hodnota – Koncepční článek zpracovává v odborné vizualizační debatě upozaděné téma a je v druhém plánu také výzvou k dalšímu bádání v této zásadní problematice.
Purpose – While communicating data in media, science, and education visually, we must consider that a certain percentage of recipients will be limited in their visual perception. The disadvantages of visual perception can be varied. They range from common refractive errors and colour blindness (these can be dealt with simply) to complete loss of visual perception, i.e. blindness. Blindness is still not often addressed in the data visualisation community, despite creating a significant information barrier. Design/Methodology/Approach – The article is conceived as a conceptual one. It brings a synthesis of findings from past work and research on specific topics and presents them through the perspective of a new context – to provide a springboard for further research. Results – The concept paper synthesises the debates and hitherto approaches to breaking down possible visual barriers in the perception of data visualisations, examining the topic in a broader context. At the heart of this examination are questions about meaningful forms and approaches to the design of assistive technologies and their social aspects. The article argues that simple haptisation of visual sources may not be sufficient and that the social aspects of the solution must also be considered. Originality/Value – The concept article deals with a sidelined topic of data visualization debate. Equally important, it serves as a call to action for further research into this crucial issue.
Reference
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[3] CARROLL, Dustin, Suranjan CHAKRABORTY a Jonathan LAZAR, 2013. Designing Accessible Visualizations: The Case of Designing a Weather Map for Blind Users. STEPHANIDIS, Constantine a Margherita ANTONA, ed. Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design Methods, Tools, and Interaction Techniques for eInclusion [online]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, s. 436-445 [cit. 2020-08-09]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39188-0_47. ISBN 978-3-642-39187-3. Dostupné z: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-39188-0_47 | DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-39188-0_47
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[7] FEW, Stephen, 2013. Data Visualization and the Blind. In: Perceptual Edge: Visual Business Intelligence [online]. [cit. 2020-08-06]. Dostupné z: https://www.perceptualedge.com/blog/?p=1756
[8] FRANCES VAN SCOY, A., Don MCLAUGHLIN, J. VERNON ODOM, Richard T. WALLS a Mary E. ZUPPUHAUR, 2006. Touching mathematics: a prototype tool for teaching pre-calculus to visually impaired students. Journal of Modern Optics [online]. 53(9), 1287-1294 [cit. 2020-08-06]. DOI: 10.1080/09500340600618652. ISSN 0950-0340. Dostupné z: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09500340600618652 | DOI 10.1080/09500340600618652
[9] FRITZ, J.P. a K.E. BARNER, 1999. Design of a haptic data visualization system for people with visual impairments. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering [online]. 7(3), 372-384 [cit. 2020-08-06]. DOI: 10.1109/86.788473. ISSN 10636528. Dostupné z: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/788473/ | DOI 10.1109/86.788473
[10] FRITZ, Jason P., Thomas P. WAY a Kenneth E. BARNER, 1996. Haptic representation of scientific data for visually impaired or blind persons. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference. California State University: Los Angeles.
[11] Global Data on Visual Impairments 2010, 2012. 1st. Geneva: WHO, 17 s. Dostupné také z: https://www.who.int/blindness/GLOBALDATAFINALforweb.pdf
[12] HERMANN, Thomas, Jan M. DREES a Helge RITTER, 2003. Broadcasting auditory weather reports: a pilot project. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2003). Boston: International Community for Auditory Display.
[13] CHOI, Jinho, Sanghun JUNG, Deok Gun PARK, Jaegul CHOO a Niklas ELMQVIST, 2019. Visualizing for the Non-Visual: Enabling the Visually Impaired to Use Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum [online]. 38(3), 249-260 [cit. 2020-08-07]. DOI: 10.1111/cgf.13686. ISSN 0167-7055. Dostupné z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cgf.13686 | DOI 10.1111/cgf.13686
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[16] JAVŮREK, Adam, 2017. Velmi neobvyklá skladba: Poslechněte si zhudebněné výsledky voleb 2017. In: IRozhlas [online]. Praha: Český rozhlas [cit. 2020-08-08]. Dostupné z: https://www.irozhlas.cz/volby/velmi-neobvykla-skladba-poslechnete-si-zhudebnene-vysledky-voleb-2017_1710251115_dp
[17] JEONG, Wooseob, 2006. Force feedback textual and graphic displays for the blind. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology [online]. 43(1), 1-11 [cit. 2020-08-06]. DOI: 10.1002/meet.14504301156. ISSN 00447870. Dostupné z: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/meet.14504301156 | DOI 10.1002/meet.14504301156
[18] KABISCH, Eric, Falko KUESTER a Simon PENNY, 2005. Sonic panoramas: Experiments with interactive landscape image sonification. In: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence - ICAT '05 [online]. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, s. 156-163 [cit. 2020-08-08]. DOI: 10.1145/1152399.1152428. ISBN 0473106574. Dostupné z: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1152399.1152428 | DOI 10.1145/1152399.1152428
[19] KARSTEN, Karl G., 1923. Charts and Graphs: An Introduction to Graphic Methods in the Control and Analysis of Statistics. 1st. New York: Prentice-Hall.
[20] KRAMER, Gregory, Bruce WALKER, Perry COOK, John FLOWERS, Nadine MINER, John NEUHOFF a Terri BONEBRIGHT, 1997. Sonification Report: Status of the Field and Research Agenda. International Community for Auditory Display [online]. ICAD [cit. 2020-08-08]. Dostupné z: http://www.icad.org/websiteV2.0/References/nsf.html
[21] MCGOOKIN, David K. a Stephen A. BREWSTER, 2006. SoundBar. In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction changing roles - NordiCHI '06 [online]. New York, USA: ACM Press, s. 145-154 [cit. 2020-08-06]. DOI: 10.1145/1182475.1182491. ISBN 1595933255. Dostupné z: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1182475.1182491 | DOI 10.1145/1182475.1182491
[22] Metodický pokyn: k vyhlášce č. 64/2008 Sb., o formě uveřejňování informací souvisejících s výkonem veřejné správy prostřednictvím webových stránek pro osoby se zdravotním postižením (vyhláška o přístupnosti), 2008. Verze 1.10. Praha: MVČR, 25 s.
[23] NIKOLAKIS, G., K. MOUSTAKAS, D. TZOVARAS a M. G. STRINTZIS, 2005. Haptic representation of images for the blind and the visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI '05). Las Vegas, Nevada.
[24] NIST 'Pins' Down Imaging System for the Blind, 2002. In: NIST [online]. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology [cit. 2020-08-06]. Dostupné z: https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2002/09/nist-pins-down-imaging-system-blind
[25] PINKER, Steven, 1990. A theory of graph comprehension. FREEDLE, Roy, ed. Artificial intelligence and the future of testing. 1st. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates, s. 73-126. ISBN 0805801170.
[26] QUEK, Francis a David MCNEILL, 2006. Embodiment Awareness, Mathematics Discourse, and the Blind. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences [online]. 1093(1), 266-279 [cit. 2020-08-08]. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1382.018. ISSN 0077-8923. Dostupné z: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1196/annals.1382.018 | DOI 10.1196/annals.1382.018
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