Title: Spolupráce učitelů a jak ji podněcovat : (poznatky z longitudinální a průřezové studie interní evaluace na Islandu)
Variant title:
- Teacher collaboration and how to encourage it : (lessons learned in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of internal evaluations in Iceland)
Contributor
Mattuš, Jan (Translator)
Source document: Studia paedagogica. 2012, vol. 17, iss. 2, pp. [51]-70
Extent
[51]-70
-
ISSN1803-7437 (print)2336-4521 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2012-2-4
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/125663
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Rights access
embargoed access
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Islandské střední školy byly roku 2006 pověřeny provedením autoevaluace. Přistoupily k tomuto požadavku různě a s velkými rozdíly v účasti učitelů. V některých školách si učitelé evaluaci práce školy a tvorbu plánu rozvoje vzali za vlastní, v jiných probíhala formou úkolu zadaného jedné či dvěma osobám. Zvláštní pozornost v této studii věnujeme tomu, jak k takovému pověření přistupovali vedoucí pracovníci. Prezentujeme zde dvě studie. Studie I proběhla ve dvou středních a dvou základních islandských školách. V rámci této studie probíhaly dvakrát ročně po dobu čtyř let (2000–2004) v daných školách diskuse se členy evaluačních týmů. Z diskusí pak vzešly náměty pro činnosti vedoucích pracovníků, které rozvoj evaluace podporují: (a) udržovat kulturu důvěry a spolupráce; (b) podněcovat smysluplnou týmovou práci; (c) podporovat učitele k využívání dat; (d) poskytovat příležitosti k učení. Studie II proběhla v roce 2006 v jedenácti středních školách za účasti 250 respondentů, kteří participovali na dotazníkovém šetření vyhodnoceném faktorovou analýzou. Pomocí regresní analýz y byla zkoumána variabilita v interních evaluacích, kterou bylo možno vysvětlit různými faktory. Identifikováno bylo pět faktorů: vedení, profesní rozvoj, cíle školy, spolupráce na iniciativách a účast na interní evaluaci. Faktory nejvíce vysvětlující variabilitu v účasti na interní evaluaci byly cíle školy, vedení a profesní rozvoj. Všechny se ukázaly jako statisticky významné. V zájmu podnícení aktivní účasti učitelů na evaluační práci by měli vedoucí pracovníci podporovat učitele ve využívání údajů o studijních výsledcích žáků pro stanovování cílů školy a zprostředkovávat jim profesní rozvoj.
Icelandic secondary schools were mandated in 2006 to do self-evaluations. They have met this mandate with different approaches and great differences in teacher participation. In some schools teachers own the process of evaluating schoolwork and producing developmental plans, whereas in others one or more persons are assigned the task of conducting evaluations. Leadership approaches to the mandate were of special interest in this text. Two studies will be reported here. Study I was conducted in two upper secondary schools and two primary schools in Iceland. Focus groups were held with evaluation teams twice per year in these schools over a four year period (2000–2004). From these, themes of leader actions supporting development of evaluation emerged: a) maintaining a culture of trust and collaboration; b) encouragement of purposeful teamwork; c) supporting teachers in using data; and d) provision of opportunities for learning. Study II was done in 2006, in 11 upper secondary schools, with 250 participants. Responses were factor analyzed. A stepwise regression was used to explore the variance in internal evaluations which could be explained with the other factors. Five factors were found: leadership, professional development, school goals, collaboration on initiatives, and internal evaluation participation. Factors explaining the most variance in internal evaluation participation were: school goals, leadership and professional development, all statistically significant. In order to encourage active teacher participation in evaluation work, leaders should encourage strong use of student achievement data to inform development of school goals and facilitate related and powerful teacher professional development.
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[4] DAVIDSDOTTIR, S., LISI, P. Hvað breytist í skólum þegar sjálfsmat er gert? Langtímarannsókn í fjórum íslenskum skólum. [Which changes occur in schools when they do self-evaluations? A longitudinal study in four Icelandic schools]. Uppeldi og menntun, 2006, roč. 15, č. 1, s. 9–24.
[5] FULLAN, M. The six secrets of change: What the best leaders do to help their organizations survive and thrive. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2008.
[6] GAJDA, R., KOLIBA, C. Evaluating the imperative of intraorganizational collaboration: A school improvement perspective. American Journal of Evaluation, 2007, roč. 28, č. 1, s. 26–44. | DOI 10.1177/1098214006296198
[7] GARFIELD, J., BEN-ZVI, B. Helping students develop statistical reasoning: Implementing a statistical reasoning learning environment. Teaching Statistics, 2009, roč. 31, č. 3, s. 72–77. | DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9639.2009.00363.x
[8] GILES, C., JACOBSON, S. L., JOHNSON, L., YLIMAKI, R. Against the odds: Successful principals in challenging U.S. schools. In DAY, CH., LEITHWOOD, K. (Eds.). Successful principal leadership in times of change. New York: Springer Publishing, 2007, s. 155–169.
[9] GUSKEY, T. R. Evaluating professional development. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press, 2000.
[10] HULPIA, H., DEVOS, G., VAN KEER, H. The influence of distributed leadership on teachers' organizational commitment: A multilevel approach. The Journal of Educational Research, 2010, roč. 103, č. 1, s. 40–52.
[11] JOHNSON, D. W., JOHNSON, R. T., SMITH, K. A. Active learning: Cooperation in the college classroom. Edina: Interaction Book Company, 1991.
[12] JONSSON, F. H., OLAFSSON, S. Lífsskoðuní nútímaþjóðfélögum. Úr lífsgildakönnun 1990 [Attitudes in contemporary societies. From a study of values 1990.]. Reykjavík: Social Science Institute, University of Iceland, 1991.
[13] Laws nr. 66/1995. Reykjavík: Althingi.
[14] Laws nr. 80/1996. Reykjavík: Althingi.
[15] LEITHWOOD, K. A., AITKEN, R., JANTZI, D. Making schools smarter: A system for monitoring school and district progress. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2001.
[16] LEITHWOOD, K., RIEHL, C. What do we already know about successful school leadership? Příspěvek na výroční konferenci American Educational Research Association, Chicago, duben 2003.
[17] LISI, P., DAVIDSDOTTIR, S. Action research and the empowerment of teachers in Icelandic schools. In RÖNNERMAN, K., FURU, E. M., SALO, P. (Eds.). Nurturing Praxis: Action research in partnerships between school and university in a Nordic light. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2008, s. 75–78.
[18] MCNAMARA, G., O'HARA, J., LISI, P., DAVIDSDOTTIR, S. Operationalizing selfevaluations in schools: Experiences from Ireland and Iceland. Irish Educational Studies, 2011, roč. 30, č. 1, s. 63–82.
[19] SACKNEY, L. History of the school effectiveness and improvement movement in Canada over the past 25 years. In TOWNSEND, T. (Ed.). International handbook of school effectiveness and improvement. New York: Springer Publishing, 2007, s. 167–182.
[20] SCHMOKER, M. Results now: How we can achieve unprecedented improvements in teaching and learning. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2006.
[21] VALENTINE, J. Strategies for faculty involvement in effective schools. NASSP Bulletin, 1989, roč. 73, č. 515, s. 1–6.
[22] YORK-BARR, J., DUKE, K. What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 2004, roč. 74, č. 3, s. 255–316. | DOI 10.3102/00346543074003255
[23] ZEPEDA, S. Instructional leadership for school improvement. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education, 2004.