Title: K adaptaci a využití antických fortifikací na Peloponésu ve středověku
Variant title:
- Modification and usage of ancient fortifications on the Peloponnesus in the Middle Ages
- Zur Adaption und Nutzung antiker Befestigungsanlagen auf dem Peloponnes im Mittelalter
Source document: Archaeologia historica. 2010, vol. 35, iss. 1-2, pp. 463-480
Extent
463-480
-
ISSN0231-5823 (print)2336-4386 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/128164
Type: Article
Language
Summary language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Jedním z produktů dějin Řecka jsou fortifikace. Mnohé se proměňovaly, jiné zanikly (Tíryns) nebo byly obnoveny. Příkladem využití od antiky do počátku 19. století je Larissa nad Argem či Akrokorinth, koncem středověku zanikla Glarentza (následník antické Kylléné), stejně o něco později Starý Pylos (po Koryphasionu). V Naupliu překryla antickou akropoli benátská pevnost, což byl i osud Methóné, byzantský základ měly Monemvasia a pevnost v Patrasu, středověkými novostavbami byly mimo jiné hrad Chlemutzi a komplex Mistry. Pozoruhodná podobnost konstrukcí je mezi fortifikacemi z 5.–4. století př. n. l. (Messéné, Aigosthéna ad.) s pozdně štaufskými hrady (hranolové věže, zdivo z bosovaných kvádrů).
Fortifications are among the products of Greek history. Many have been modified, others ceased to exist (Tíryns) or were restored. Examples of continuous usage from antiquity to the early 19th century are Larissa and Akrokorinth. Glarentza (formerly the ancient Kylléné) and Old Pylos (once Koryphasion) ceased to function in the late Middle Ages. In Nauplion, a Venetian fortress was built on the site of an ancient acropolis, which was also the case for Methóné. Monemvasia and the stronghold in Patras had Byzantine roots, while new mediaeval constructions included the Chlemutzi castle and the Mistry complex. There is a remarkable similarity between fortifications from 5th–4th centuries BC (Messéné, Aigosthéna and others) and late Stauff castles (prismatic towers, masonry of roughhewn blocks).
References
[1] ANDREWS, K., 1953: Castles of Morea. Princeton (3 Athens 2006).
[2] BLIN, R., 2004: Châteaux croisés de Grèce: Fortifications franques de Morée, Histoire Médievale 56, 58–67.
[3] BOARDMAN, J., 1975: Řecké umění. Praha.
[4] BON, A., 1951: Le Peloponnése byzantin jusqu'en 1204. Paris.
[5] BON, A., 1969: La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques d'Achaie (1205–1430). Paris.
[6] BUKOVSKÝ, J., 1981: Pozostatky franskej gotiky na gréckom Peloponéze, Technické noviny 29, č. 15, 16.
[7] BURIAN, J.–OLIVA, P., 1984: Civilizace starověkého Středomoří. Praha.
[8] COINS, 2010: Coins of the Principality of Achaia, http://www.medievalcoins.ancients.info/Achaia.htm, cit. 26. 1. 2010.
[9] CORINTH, 1967: Corinth. A brief History of the City and Guide to the Excavantions (publ. American School of Classical Studies at Athens z r. 1967). Athens.
[10] EBHARDT, B., 1958: Der Wehrbau Europas in Mittelalter 2/II. Stollhamm.
[11] ECKHARDT, A., 1971: Studien zur Baugeschichte früher Kreuzritterburgen in Griechenland. Berlin.
[12] FRÖDIN, O., 1938: Results of the Swedish Excavation at Asine 1922–1930. Stockholm.
[13] GERTWAGEN, R., 2000: Venetian Modon and its Port (1358–1500). In: Mediterranean Urban Cultur 1400–1700 (Cowan, A., ed.), 128–148. Exeter.
[14] GIULIANI, J., 1962: La urbanistica delle cittá greche. Roma.
[15] CHATZIDAKIS, M., 2003: Mistra. Die mittelalterliche Stadt und die Burg. Athens.
[16] KARPODIN–DIMITRIADI, E., 1998: Kastra tis Peloponnisou. Athens.
[17] LEVI, P., 1995: Svět starého Řecka. Kulturní atlas. Praha.
[18] LOCK, P., 1995: The Franks in the Aegean, 1204–1500. London.
[19] LOCK, P., 1998: Castles and Seigneurial Influence in Latin Greece. In: From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies 1095–1500 (Murray, A. V., ed.), 173–186. Turnhout.
[20] LOCK, P.–SANDERS, G., 1996: The Archeology of Medieval Greece. Oxford.
[21] MOLIN, K., 2001: Unknown Crusader Castles. New York–London.
[22] MÜLLER–WIENER, W., 1966: Burgen der Kreuzritter auf Zypern und der Ägäis. München–Berlin.
[23] NICOLLE, D., 2007: Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571. Oxford.
[24] PARADISSIS, A., 1994: Fortresses and Castles of Greece. Anixi.
[25] PELOPONNES, 1997: Peloponnes. Burgen & Kloster (Vogiatzis, G., ed.). Athens.
[26] PLEHN, CH., b. d. (1972): Kreuzritterburgen auf dem Peloponnes. München–Zürich.
[27] PROCHAZKA, A. B., 1986: Introduction to Islamic Architecture. Zürich.
[28] SHAWCROSS, T., 2009: The Chronicle of Morea. Oxford.
[29] SCHNEIDER, L., 2006: Peloponnes. DuMont Kunstführer. Ostfildern.
[30] TABULA, 1976: Tabula imperii Byzantini 1 (Hunger, H., ed.). Wien.
[31] TRAQUAIR, R., 1905–1906: Laconia I: Medieval Fortresses. In: Annual of the British School at Athens 12, 259–276. Athens.
[32] TRAQUAIR, R., 1906–1907: Medieval Fortresses of the North-Western Peloponnesus. In: Annual of the British School at Athens 13, 268–284. Athens.
[33] VILLEHARDOUIN, G. DE, 1908: The Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople (trans. F. T. Marzials). London.
[34] WILLEMSEN, C. A., 1974: Componenti della cultura Federiciana nella genesi dei castelli svevi. In: Castelli, torri ed opere fortificata di Puglia (De Vita, R., ed.), 393–422. Bari.
[35] WINTER, F. E., 1971: Greek Fortifications. London.
[36] ZÁSTĚROVÁ, B. A KOL., 1994: Dějiny Byzance. Praha.
[2] BLIN, R., 2004: Châteaux croisés de Grèce: Fortifications franques de Morée, Histoire Médievale 56, 58–67.
[3] BOARDMAN, J., 1975: Řecké umění. Praha.
[4] BON, A., 1951: Le Peloponnése byzantin jusqu'en 1204. Paris.
[5] BON, A., 1969: La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques d'Achaie (1205–1430). Paris.
[6] BUKOVSKÝ, J., 1981: Pozostatky franskej gotiky na gréckom Peloponéze, Technické noviny 29, č. 15, 16.
[7] BURIAN, J.–OLIVA, P., 1984: Civilizace starověkého Středomoří. Praha.
[8] COINS, 2010: Coins of the Principality of Achaia, http://www.medievalcoins.ancients.info/Achaia.htm, cit. 26. 1. 2010.
[9] CORINTH, 1967: Corinth. A brief History of the City and Guide to the Excavantions (publ. American School of Classical Studies at Athens z r. 1967). Athens.
[10] EBHARDT, B., 1958: Der Wehrbau Europas in Mittelalter 2/II. Stollhamm.
[11] ECKHARDT, A., 1971: Studien zur Baugeschichte früher Kreuzritterburgen in Griechenland. Berlin.
[12] FRÖDIN, O., 1938: Results of the Swedish Excavation at Asine 1922–1930. Stockholm.
[13] GERTWAGEN, R., 2000: Venetian Modon and its Port (1358–1500). In: Mediterranean Urban Cultur 1400–1700 (Cowan, A., ed.), 128–148. Exeter.
[14] GIULIANI, J., 1962: La urbanistica delle cittá greche. Roma.
[15] CHATZIDAKIS, M., 2003: Mistra. Die mittelalterliche Stadt und die Burg. Athens.
[16] KARPODIN–DIMITRIADI, E., 1998: Kastra tis Peloponnisou. Athens.
[17] LEVI, P., 1995: Svět starého Řecka. Kulturní atlas. Praha.
[18] LOCK, P., 1995: The Franks in the Aegean, 1204–1500. London.
[19] LOCK, P., 1998: Castles and Seigneurial Influence in Latin Greece. In: From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies 1095–1500 (Murray, A. V., ed.), 173–186. Turnhout.
[20] LOCK, P.–SANDERS, G., 1996: The Archeology of Medieval Greece. Oxford.
[21] MOLIN, K., 2001: Unknown Crusader Castles. New York–London.
[22] MÜLLER–WIENER, W., 1966: Burgen der Kreuzritter auf Zypern und der Ägäis. München–Berlin.
[23] NICOLLE, D., 2007: Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571. Oxford.
[24] PARADISSIS, A., 1994: Fortresses and Castles of Greece. Anixi.
[25] PELOPONNES, 1997: Peloponnes. Burgen & Kloster (Vogiatzis, G., ed.). Athens.
[26] PLEHN, CH., b. d. (1972): Kreuzritterburgen auf dem Peloponnes. München–Zürich.
[27] PROCHAZKA, A. B., 1986: Introduction to Islamic Architecture. Zürich.
[28] SHAWCROSS, T., 2009: The Chronicle of Morea. Oxford.
[29] SCHNEIDER, L., 2006: Peloponnes. DuMont Kunstführer. Ostfildern.
[30] TABULA, 1976: Tabula imperii Byzantini 1 (Hunger, H., ed.). Wien.
[31] TRAQUAIR, R., 1905–1906: Laconia I: Medieval Fortresses. In: Annual of the British School at Athens 12, 259–276. Athens.
[32] TRAQUAIR, R., 1906–1907: Medieval Fortresses of the North-Western Peloponnesus. In: Annual of the British School at Athens 13, 268–284. Athens.
[33] VILLEHARDOUIN, G. DE, 1908: The Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople (trans. F. T. Marzials). London.
[34] WILLEMSEN, C. A., 1974: Componenti della cultura Federiciana nella genesi dei castelli svevi. In: Castelli, torri ed opere fortificata di Puglia (De Vita, R., ed.), 393–422. Bari.
[35] WINTER, F. E., 1971: Greek Fortifications. London.
[36] ZÁSTĚROVÁ, B. A KOL., 1994: Dějiny Byzance. Praha.