Název: O klasifikaci samojedských jazyků
Zdrojový dokument: Linguistica Brunensia. 2014, roč. 62, č. 2, s. 57-85
Rozsah
57-85
-
ISSN1803-7410 (print)2336-4440 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/130145
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Přístupová práva
přístupné po uplynutí embarga
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Abstrakt(y)
The article is introduced by a survey and discussion of previous models of classification of the Samoyedic languages. The main part is devoted to a new model of classification, based on application of so-called recalibrated glottochronology, including a full documentation of wordlists with etymological remarks, statistics and sources. Finally, the present results are compared with previous models. The article follows the study of Hofírková & Blažek 2012, completing so the Uralic language family, consisting of Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic. The most important result of the present contribution is a dating of disintegration of Samoyedic to the 3rd – 2nd cent. BCE, i. e. between disintegrations of its neighbours, Ob-Ugric around 400 BCE and Turkic around 100 BCE. Applying the cladistic strategy based on average values of percentages expressing mutual relations, in the Samoyedic dialect continuum three primarily parallel branches may be determined: North Samoyedic, Selkup and Sayan Samoyedic. Relatively low scores of Nganasan with all other languages (with exception of Enets) probably indicate an influence of a pre-Samoyedic substratum of the Taimyr Peninsula. On the other hand, it is not excluded that the Sayan Samoyedic branch was secondarily 'formed' thanks to the geographical neighbourhood of Kamasin (& Koibal) and Mator (& Taigi and Karagas). In this case, the idea of Helimski (1982) of four coordinate branches would be confirmed.
Note
Věnováno památce Evgenije Chelimského (1950–2007).
Tato studie byla připravena pod záštitou grantu České grantové agentury č. P406/12/0655.
Reference
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[2] A2 = Aikio, Ante. 2006. New and Old Samoyed Etymologies. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 59, 9–34.
[3] Adams, Douglas Q. 2013. A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged, Vol. I-II. Amsterdam – New York: Rodopi.
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[5] Blažek, V. 2013. Uralic migrations. In: The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration I, ed. by Immanuel Ness & Peter Bellwood. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 178–183.
[6] Blažek, V. – Kovář, M. 2013. Z historie uralistiky. Pionýrské období (9. st.-1850). Linguistica Brunensia 61, 273–292.
[7] Blažek, V. – Schwarz, M. 2011. Tocharians. Who were, where they came from and where they lived. In: Tocharian Studies, ed. by Michal Schwarz. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 113–147.
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[11] DYBO, A. V. 2006. Xronologija tjurkskix jazykov i lingvističeskie kontakty rannyx tjurkov. In: Sravnitel'no-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Pratjurkskij jazyk-osnova – kartina mira pratjurkskogo ėtnosa po dannym jazyka, ed. Anna V. Dybo. Moskva: Nauka, 766–817.
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[20] JN = Janhunen, J. 1976. Adalékok az északi-szamojéd hangtörténethez: vokalizmus az első szótagi magánhangzók. Néprajz és Nyelvtudományi Társaság Kiadványai 19–20, 165–188.
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[25] Lessing, F. D. et alii. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press.
[26] M = Mikola, T. 1995. Morphologisches Wörterbuch des Enzischen. Szeged: Studia uralo-altaica 36.
[27] Mallory, J. P. – Mair, V. H. 2000. The Tarim Mummies. Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson.
[28] Mudrak, O. A. 2009. Klassifikacija tjurkskich jazykov i dialektov s pomosčju metodov glottochronologii na osnove voprosov po morfologii i istoričeskoj fonetike. Moskva: Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet.
[29] Napol'skikh, V. 2001. Tocharisch-uralisch Berührungen: Sprache und Archäeologie. In: Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations, ed. by Ch. Carpelan, A. Parpola, P. Koskikallio. Helsinki: Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 242, 367–383.
[30] NRN = Kosterkina, N. T. – Momde, A. Č. – Ždanova, T. Ju. 2001. Nganasansko-russkij i russko-nganasanskij slovaŕ. Sankt-Peterburg. http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~mkatzsc/Dt-Ng-Woerterverzeichnis.pdf
[31] NRS = Nenecko-russkij slovaŕ, ed. N. M. Tereščenko. Moskva: Sovetskaja ėnciklopedija 1965.
[32] R = Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, ed. Károly Rédei. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó 1988.
[33] Rä = Räsänen, M. 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae XVII, 1.
[34] Ramstedt, G. J. 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae III.
[35] Ringe, D. 1996. On the chronology of sound changes in Tocharian, Vol. 1: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian. New Haven: American Oriental Society (American Oriental Series, Vol. 80).
[36] RNS = Russko-neneckij slovaŕ, ed. A. P. Pyrerka & N. M. Tereščenko. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo inostrannyx i nacional'nyx slovarej 1948.
[37] Ruhlen, M. 1987. A Guide to the World's Languages, Vol. 1: Classification. Stanford: University Press.
[38] S = Sammallahti, P. 1979. Über die Laut und Morphemstruktur der uralischen Grundsprachen. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 43, 22–66.
[39] Schwarz, M. – Blažek, V. 2011. Klasifikace a přehled turkických jazyků. Linguistica Brunensia 59, 25–59.
[40] Sevortjan, G. 1980. Ėtimologičeskij slovaŕ tjurkskix jazykov, III. Moskva: Nauka.
[41] St = Starostin, S. A. 1982. Praenisejskaja rekonstrukcija i vnešnie svjazi enisejskix jazykov. In: Ketskij sbornik, ed. E. A. Alekseenko. Leningrad: Nauka,, 144–237.
[42] Stipa, G. J. 1981. Vom ostseefinnischen bis zum Samojedischen reichender Lehnwortschatz im "Russian Vocabulary" (1618–19) des Richard James. Journal de la Société Finno-ougrienne 77:4, 41–66.
[43] Svyatko, S. – Mallory, J. P. – Murphy, E. M. – Polyakov, A. V. – Reimer, P. J. – Schulting, R. J. 2009. New radiocarbon dates and a review of the chronology of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia. Radiocarbon 51/1, 243–273. | DOI 10.1017/S0033822200033798
[44] ULA = The Uralic Languages, ed. by Abondolo, Daniel. London: Routledge 1998.
[45] ULS = The Uralisches Languages. Description, history and foreign influences, ed. by Denis Sinor. Leiden-New York-København-Köln: Brill 1988.
[46] Vadeckaja, E. B. 1990. Južno-samodijskie komponenty kul'tury drevnego naselenija Prisajan'ja. In: Uralo-Indogermanica II, ed. V. V. Ivanov et al.. Moskva: Institut slavjanovedenija i balkanistiki, 71–80
[47] X = Xelimskij, E. A. 1982. Drevnejšie vengersko-samodijskie jazykovye kontakty. Moskva: Nauka.
[48] XE = Xelimskij, E. A. 1992–93. Etymologica 49–79: Materialy po ėtimologii matorsko-tajgijsko-karagasskogo jazyka. Nyelvtudományi közlemények 93, 101–123. http://www.uni-hamburg.de/onTEAM/grafik/1264671657/Publikationsliste.pdf
[49] Xelimskij, E. A. 1978. Rekonstrukcija prasevernosamodijskix (PSS) labializirovanyx glasnyx nepervyx slogov. In: Problema rekonstrukcii. Konferencija (tezisy dokladov). Moskva: Nauka, 123–126.
[50] Xelimskij, E. A. 1982. Keto-Uralica. In: Ketskij sbornik, ed. E. A. Alekseenko. Leningrad: Nauka, 238–250.
[51] Xelimskij, E. A. 1984. Dve zametki o slavjansko-samodijskix analogijax. Balto-slavjanskie issledovanija 1983, 114–123.
[52] Xelimskij, E. A. 1994. Ukazatel' slov k tekstam [nganasanskix] kamlanij. In: Tajmyrskij ėtnolingvističeskij sbornik, ed. Evgenij Xelimskij. Moskva: Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet, 107–146.
[53] Xelimskij, E. A. 2000. Komparatistika, uralistika. Lekcii i stati. Moskva: Jazyki russkoj kul'tury.
[2] A2 = Aikio, Ante. 2006. New and Old Samoyed Etymologies. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 59, 9–34.
[3] Adams, Douglas Q. 2013. A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged, Vol. I-II. Amsterdam – New York: Rodopi.
[4] Blažek, V. 2012. Was there a Volgaic unity within Finno-Ugric? Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 61, 29–91.
[5] Blažek, V. 2013. Uralic migrations. In: The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration I, ed. by Immanuel Ness & Peter Bellwood. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 178–183.
[6] Blažek, V. – Kovář, M. 2013. Z historie uralistiky. Pionýrské období (9. st.-1850). Linguistica Brunensia 61, 273–292.
[7] Blažek, V. – Schwarz, M. 2011. Tocharians. Who were, where they came from and where they lived. In: Tocharian Studies, ed. by Michal Schwarz. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 113–147.
[8] Blažek, V. – Hofírková, L. – Kovář, M.. 2011. Rané prameny o národech uralské jazykové rodiny. Linguistica Brunensia 59, 189–224.
[9] Castrén, M. A. 1855. M. Alexander Castrén's Wörterverzeichnisse aus den samojedischen Sprachen, herausgegeben von Anton Schiefner. St. Petersburg: Eggers & Comp. https://archive.org/details/malexandercastr03schigoog y
[10] D = Donner, Kai. 1944. Kamassisches Wörterbuch, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Aulis J. Joki. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae VIII.
[11] DYBO, A. V. 2006. Xronologija tjurkskix jazykov i lingvističeskie kontakty rannyx tjurkov. In: Sravnitel'no-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Pratjurkskij jazyk-osnova – kartina mira pratjurkskogo ėtnosa po dannym jazyka, ed. Anna V. Dybo. Moskva: Nauka, 766–817.
[12] E = Erdélyi, István. 1969. Selkupisches Wörterverzeichnis. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
[13] Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, ed. by Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig. Dallas, Texas: SIL International 2013. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
[14] G = Grigorovskij, N. P. 2007. Južnosel'kupskij slovaŕ N. P. Grigorovskogo, ed. by E. Helimski. Hamburg: Hamburger Sibirische und Finnougrische Materialien, Bd. 4.
[15] GS = Castrén, M. A. 1854. Grammatik der Samojedischer Sprachen, hrg. von Anton Schiefner. St. Petersburg: Eggers (Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften). http://books.google.cz/books?id=AbwKAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
[16] H = Helimski, E. 1997. Die matorische Sprache. Szeged: Studia uralo-altaica 41.
[17] Hofírková, L. – Blažek, V. 2012. Ke klasifikaci ugrofinských jazyků. Linguistica Brunensia 60, 85–126.
[18] J = Janhunen, J. 1977. Samojedischer Wortschatz. Helsinki: Castrenianumin toimitteita 17. Janhunen, J. 1998. Samoyedic. In: ULA 457–479.
[19] JJ = Janhunen, J. 1982. On the Structure of Proto-Uralic. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 44, 23–42.
[20] JN = Janhunen, J. 1976. Adalékok az északi-szamojéd hangtörténethez: vokalizmus az első szótagi magánhangzók. Néprajz és Nyelvtudományi Társaság Kiadványai 19–20, 165–188.
[21] JNS = Jazyki narodov SSSR. Finno-ugorskie i samodijskie jazyki, ed. Lytkin, V. I. Moskva: Nauka 1966.
[22] Jo = Joki, A. 1952. Lehnwörter der Sajansamojedischen. Helsinki: Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 103.
[23] KS = Kortt, I. R. – Simčenko, Ju. B. 1985. Wörterverzeichnis der nganasanischen Sprache. Teil 1. Berlin: Systemata mundi.
[24] Le = Lehtisalo, T. 1956. Juraksamojedisches Wörterbuch. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae XIII.
[25] Lessing, F. D. et alii. 1960. Mongolian-English Dictionary. Berkeley-Los Angeles: University of California Press.
[26] M = Mikola, T. 1995. Morphologisches Wörterbuch des Enzischen. Szeged: Studia uralo-altaica 36.
[27] Mallory, J. P. – Mair, V. H. 2000. The Tarim Mummies. Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson.
[28] Mudrak, O. A. 2009. Klassifikacija tjurkskich jazykov i dialektov s pomosčju metodov glottochronologii na osnove voprosov po morfologii i istoričeskoj fonetike. Moskva: Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet.
[29] Napol'skikh, V. 2001. Tocharisch-uralisch Berührungen: Sprache und Archäeologie. In: Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations, ed. by Ch. Carpelan, A. Parpola, P. Koskikallio. Helsinki: Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 242, 367–383.
[30] NRN = Kosterkina, N. T. – Momde, A. Č. – Ždanova, T. Ju. 2001. Nganasansko-russkij i russko-nganasanskij slovaŕ. Sankt-Peterburg. http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~mkatzsc/Dt-Ng-Woerterverzeichnis.pdf
[31] NRS = Nenecko-russkij slovaŕ, ed. N. M. Tereščenko. Moskva: Sovetskaja ėnciklopedija 1965.
[32] R = Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, ed. Károly Rédei. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó 1988.
[33] Rä = Räsänen, M. 1969. Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae XVII, 1.
[34] Ramstedt, G. J. 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbuch. Helsinki: Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae III.
[35] Ringe, D. 1996. On the chronology of sound changes in Tocharian, Vol. 1: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian. New Haven: American Oriental Society (American Oriental Series, Vol. 80).
[36] RNS = Russko-neneckij slovaŕ, ed. A. P. Pyrerka & N. M. Tereščenko. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo inostrannyx i nacional'nyx slovarej 1948.
[37] Ruhlen, M. 1987. A Guide to the World's Languages, Vol. 1: Classification. Stanford: University Press.
[38] S = Sammallahti, P. 1979. Über die Laut und Morphemstruktur der uralischen Grundsprachen. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 43, 22–66.
[39] Schwarz, M. – Blažek, V. 2011. Klasifikace a přehled turkických jazyků. Linguistica Brunensia 59, 25–59.
[40] Sevortjan, G. 1980. Ėtimologičeskij slovaŕ tjurkskix jazykov, III. Moskva: Nauka.
[41] St = Starostin, S. A. 1982. Praenisejskaja rekonstrukcija i vnešnie svjazi enisejskix jazykov. In: Ketskij sbornik, ed. E. A. Alekseenko. Leningrad: Nauka,, 144–237.
[42] Stipa, G. J. 1981. Vom ostseefinnischen bis zum Samojedischen reichender Lehnwortschatz im "Russian Vocabulary" (1618–19) des Richard James. Journal de la Société Finno-ougrienne 77:4, 41–66.
[43] Svyatko, S. – Mallory, J. P. – Murphy, E. M. – Polyakov, A. V. – Reimer, P. J. – Schulting, R. J. 2009. New radiocarbon dates and a review of the chronology of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia. Radiocarbon 51/1, 243–273. | DOI 10.1017/S0033822200033798
[44] ULA = The Uralic Languages, ed. by Abondolo, Daniel. London: Routledge 1998.
[45] ULS = The Uralisches Languages. Description, history and foreign influences, ed. by Denis Sinor. Leiden-New York-København-Köln: Brill 1988.
[46] Vadeckaja, E. B. 1990. Južno-samodijskie komponenty kul'tury drevnego naselenija Prisajan'ja. In: Uralo-Indogermanica II, ed. V. V. Ivanov et al.. Moskva: Institut slavjanovedenija i balkanistiki, 71–80
[47] X = Xelimskij, E. A. 1982. Drevnejšie vengersko-samodijskie jazykovye kontakty. Moskva: Nauka.
[48] XE = Xelimskij, E. A. 1992–93. Etymologica 49–79: Materialy po ėtimologii matorsko-tajgijsko-karagasskogo jazyka. Nyelvtudományi közlemények 93, 101–123. http://www.uni-hamburg.de/onTEAM/grafik/1264671657/Publikationsliste.pdf
[49] Xelimskij, E. A. 1978. Rekonstrukcija prasevernosamodijskix (PSS) labializirovanyx glasnyx nepervyx slogov. In: Problema rekonstrukcii. Konferencija (tezisy dokladov). Moskva: Nauka, 123–126.
[50] Xelimskij, E. A. 1982. Keto-Uralica. In: Ketskij sbornik, ed. E. A. Alekseenko. Leningrad: Nauka, 238–250.
[51] Xelimskij, E. A. 1984. Dve zametki o slavjansko-samodijskix analogijax. Balto-slavjanskie issledovanija 1983, 114–123.
[52] Xelimskij, E. A. 1994. Ukazatel' slov k tekstam [nganasanskix] kamlanij. In: Tajmyrskij ėtnolingvističeskij sbornik, ed. Evgenij Xelimskij. Moskva: Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet, 107–146.
[53] Xelimskij, E. A. 2000. Komparatistika, uralistika. Lekcii i stati. Moskva: Jazyki russkoj kul'tury.